短文改错专题教案
短文改错专题
一、短文改错的文章特点
体裁以记叙文为主，句子结构以简单句为主，至少有一个从句，一个并列句，句子总数十句左右。
二、短文改错的错误类型
1、缺（多）词丢介词、丢（多）to 、丢 be
2、错词词性用错名词、形容词、副词
词形用错形容词：原级比较级最高级
副词：原级比较级最高级
动词：时态错误主谓不一致非谓语动词
拼写相似词用错：如beside bedides
具体词用错（主要是用同类词替换）连词用错
代词用错
介词用错
冠词用错
三、短文改错涉及的知识点
1、动词，①主谓一致
②时态：并列句中，连词（and/but/or）前后动词时态一致！
简单句中，动词时态和前后两句话动词时态一致。
③语态：物做主语时，注意是否需要改为被动
④非谓语动词
2、名词，①单复数
②名词变词性，变为形容词或副词（直接变副词很少见）
③名词变所有格，单数加’s，复数加’
3、代词，①人称代词主宾格、单复数、逻辑对象
②不定代词肯否定
③反身代词单复数、逻辑对象
④物主代词形容词性物主代词还是名词性物主代词、逻辑对象
注：逻辑对象是指按照行文逻辑能够明确的对象。比如说通过上下文可以知道是“和他说话”，但短文中却说talk with me，就是明显的逻辑对象错误。改错中常出现混淆逻辑对象的情况。
4、形容词，①名词与形容词、形容词与副词词性互变
②形容词使用原级、比较级、最高级
5、副词，①副词与形容词词性互变
②副词原形、比较级、最高级
6、冠词，①使用冠词、不使用冠词
②使用定冠词、使用不定冠词
③使用a、使用an
7、连词，①语法错用，that和what的用法
②逻辑关系错用，and、but、or
③意思错用，如状语从句中明明是时间却用where等。
8、介词，①固定搭配错误
②意思错误，语法上可搭配，语意不通。
③介词缺失
④介词多余，及物动词后不加介词
四、短文改错的做题方法
1、步骤：1快速通读全文,切忌拿来就改。三看：看人（人称）、看事（短文意思）、看时间（行文时态）
2分句阅读，逐行找错。三不：不多（每句或每行的错误数一般不超过2个）、不少（哪句没有
错误要重点回看）、不重复（类型不重复、词不重复）
3重读修改后短文。三看：看语法、看逻辑、看拼写。
2、具体找错方法：顺成分→顺词→顺意思，交叉进行。
顺成分：即按照句子的成分梳理每一句。主要找主谓一致、谓语动词时态。
顺词：按照词性梳理每个词或词组。主要找单复数、固定搭配。
顺意思：按照上下文逻辑梳理整个句子意思。主要找逻辑错误、语法错误。
举例：When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.
思维过程：（此时通过预读已知道行文的时态）I was a very young children，children是复数，和I、a不搭配，修改为单数child。my father created没有错误，时态正确。a regular practice 单复数搭配正确，regular词性正确。a regular practice I remember well years late.句子很长，且没有连词，考虑是否是缺少连词的从句或者是可以省略连词的从句。此时不管能不能确定都应继续看完句子，发现years late使用错误，years later为固定用法，意为“很多年后”。如果读完句子没发现其他错误，则先将上一处标记，等修改完全文再回看。
Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,we’d greet her at the door.
思维过程：Every time 正确，he arrived home 时态正确at end of the day ，at使用正确，end of the day 使用错误，应为the end of the day，加上the;继续看发现her是一个明显的错误，改为him；
He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us, then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.
思维过程：长句子，马上想到从句连词的问题。但不要着急，还是从头看。He would ask没有错误 who we was 主谓不一致，was改为were； and pretend not to knowing us, pretend是原形，是用错了吗？再看到前面有would，and，那么pretend应该和ask同为原形，没有错误。（看到ing形式和ed形式都要格外留心）想到to后面动词形式的问题，一般为原形，再看前面的动词pertend，判断为pretend to do sth.所以把knowing 改为know。如果不知道这个表达方式，将此处标记，改完回看。接下来一个长句，先看then使用正确，then he and my mother（时刻注意主语的数） would have had a drink，此处发现为would have done的形式，该形式意思为对过去已发生的事情的推测，文中意思显然不是推测，只是陈述事实，所以去掉had。while 使用正确，表两端动作同时进行she prepared dinner时态正确， and they would talk about his day and hers.没有错误，would后使用动词原形，hers名词性物主代词使用正确。
While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. It was both excited and frightening to be up there！
思维过程：While they chat，动词时态错误，改为chatted，my father would lift ，would后动词原形，没有错误，my sister and me up ，up为lift的固定搭配，to sit in the top of the fridge.看到介词就要注意，这里有介词in，在继续看后面是top，明显不能用in the top of，改为on。
It was both excited and frightening to be up there！
思维过程：It was 时态正确，看到both …and…的结构注意两边结构一致的问题。发现两边结构不一致，excited 和frightening要修改一个。根据这两个类型形容词的使用方法（见附录一：四、形容词、副词一节）将excited 改为exciting.
全部改完之后，将确定的错误数计算出来，再回看不确定的地方。
五、短文改错的做题原则和技巧
1、错点分布：名词1
代词1
冠词 1
介词1
连词1
形容词+副词2—3
动词谓语动词时态 1 语态1 /0
非谓语动词1
2、主要原则
1）增一删一改八个（增删总数一般是2个最多超过3个），不多不少不重复。
2）三不改：①标点符号不改，②大小写不改，③生词不改（有汉语注释的）。
3做题技巧
1）实词变性或变形，虚词增减或替换。
2）特殊形式要警惕，时态复杂有猫腻。（特殊形式比如词的ing形式 ed形式复数形式）
3）并列、平行要统一，前后一致才平衡。
即一碗水端平：并列结构或者平行结构的几组词或表达法有统一性，可以根据其中一个判断另一个（几个）。
附录一：高频考点
一、【名词】
?work（工作不可数；作品可数）, job（可数）
?time（时间不可数；次数可数）, hour, year, month, day
?student, classmate, friend（别忘了+s）
?side, place（都是可数名词）
?eyes, parents, feet, cheeks, shoes，shoulders…（这些都是一定+s的，parent是单亲，cheek 是一个脸蛋，想想用单数有多诡异~）
?grade（年级不可数；分数可数 +s）
?people（这是个复数名词，单数 person）, family（表示家人时，单复数写法相同，都是family）, kind （种类，可数名词）
?thanks, regards, wishes, congratulations（感谢类名词永远都要+s）
二、【代词】
?he - she
?me – mine
?we – I 单复改点
?one – it 泛指/特指改点（不定代词/指代词）
?some – any 肯定/ 否定句
?little – few 不可数-可数
?the other – others – the others （另一个【特指】，其他的【泛指】，另外那些【特指】）
?each / every+ 单数n
三、【冠词】
1.the和 same 要连用，比如，This is the same present.
2.形容词最高级前the/a 均可（意思有差别“最/非常”）
?the most disgusting affair 最恶心的事儿
? a most disgusting affair 非常恶心的事儿
3.固定搭配，注意冠词。
?get into trouble 惹麻烦
?at an early age 小时候
?have a rest 休息一下
?catch sight of 看见
?go for a walk 去散步
?in fact 事实上
?hit sb. on the head/face/leg 击打某人的头/脸/腿
?once upon a time 很久很久以前
四、【形容词、副词】
1、形容词与副词的混用，形容词只可以修饰名词和代词，副词不可以修饰名词和代词！
2、形容词/副词，比较级/最高级问题
（1）搭配
比较级中–er或more与than搭配；最高级中the/a/an与 -est或most搭配。
?He hopes to create an environment for his students that is much relaxing than the one he used to study in.〖much改为more〗
（2）more与-er不共存
? Our country will become more brighter in the coming future.〖more去掉〗
（3）as……as… 同级比较用原级，前一个as可省略。
?So now I am spending as more time as I can with other people who like to play.〖more改为much或去掉more〗
3、形容词的so 与such 结构
so + adj + (a/an) + n
such + (a/an) + adj + n
I have never seen so an abnormal text like this.〖so改such〗
4、-ing和-ed两类形容词用法
surprise/interest/disappoint/excite/encourage/ frighten
?I am suprised/ intetested/ disappointed/ excited/ encouraged/ frightened
?It is surprising/ interesting/ disappointing/ exciting/ encouraging/ frightening
五、【动词】
1、固定搭配中的动词【注意是to do还是do】
?’d better + do最好做某事
?have/let/make sb. do 让某人做某事
?would rather + do宁愿做某事
?want + to do; come + to do; would like + to do
?used to +do（过去常常，曾经的习惯，已结束）
?be（was/were/is/are）… used to + doing（习惯做某事，表示习惯的持续）
2、以下这些词要加…doing形式做宾语
avoid, enjoy, understand, risk, appreciate, image, look forward to, spend on, insist on
3、see sb do变被动后—— sb is seen to do主动不要to，被动要to。
六、【介词】
1、及物动词后不能加介词，常错点enter into；return back；reach at（这几个介词看见请通通划掉）
2、介词+ 动词-ing形式
七、多词缺词
1、丢冠词：单数可数名词，必须有冠词
2、丢介词：“不及物动词”后接宾语时，漏加必要的介词。
3、丢 to ：want to do ； come to do
4、丢 be ：（1）漏掉be done 被动结构中的be （2）漏掉will be 系表结构中的be
5、漏掉常用结构中的介词：a lot of , because of , insist on
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Discussion to help the students master the skills and ways. Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class. Teaching Aids: 1.the multimedia 2. the blackboard Teaching Procedures: Step 1: Greetings and lead-in Step 2: Presentation Step 3: Exercises for missing word and the summary Discuss these sentences and correct the mistakes in them with the right signs. 1.I met student yesterday. 2.He is looking a missing book. 3 3.He wants have a rest. 4. He praised by the teacher several times. 5. I’m looking forward your letter. 6 .The boy often came late for school and punished yesterday. 7. They could say nothing but remain silent. 8. Most teachers usually strict with the students. 9. Our precious time should be made full use. 10. We are waiting the bus to come and pick us up.
高考真题短文改错15篇解析
知识就是力量，学习提升竞争力 1对1 英语学科个性化教学辅导教案竞争力 篇高考短文改错真题15 ) Correction 1(2014课标全国Ⅰ一、,10处语言错误假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。并在其下面写出该加的词。在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),增加: 划掉。删除:把多余的词用斜线( 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。:在错的词下画一横线,修改; 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词注意:1. 处起)不计分。处,多者(从第11 2.只允许修改10 Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女 we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they for all these year—果)in our back garden. Since then— please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place
高考英语短文改错解题指导教学设计及反思
高考英语短文改错解题指导教学设计及反思 一．教学设计的背景 随着新课程改革的深入,新的《高中英语新课程标准》的颁布，各地高考英语试题的变革也势在必行。为与新教材,新课标接轨,在继承历年命题传统的基础上,力求命题符合高中英语教学实际,试卷在内容和形式上进行了创新和发展,设置了新的题型。其中的能力指向是考查考生的语言能力，这体现了新课改的要求和方向。 二．教学内容分析 短文改错主要测试考生发现、判断、纠正文章中错误的能力，进而考查他们用词、词的拼写与搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面的水平。对短文改错的解题指导应让学生了解命题特点、考查内容、设题类型、分项训练入手，进而到最后的语篇训练，层层递进，解决学生的困惑，突破学习的盲点，最终提高解题能力。 三．学习者分析 学生的语言基础薄弱，对基本词汇的词性功能、句法结构、语法运用都存在很大的漏洞。学生对错误的发现、判断、纠正能力比较欠缺，造成短文改错的得分率很低。但学生的学习积极性很高，渴望提高解题能力。急需老师对短文改错的答题方法进行详细的指导。 四．教学重难点 1.指导学生把握不同词性的词，包括实词和虚词的常见错误形式。 2.学会分析句与句、行与行之间的逻辑关系。 3.学会运用短文改错口诀解题和检测答案。 五．教学目标 知识目标：学生能掌握不同词性的词，包括实词和虚词的常见错误形式，能掌握分析句与句、行与行之间的逻辑关系。 能力目标：能灵活运用口诀答题。能在语篇改错中提高正确率。 六．教学策略与情感、态度与价值观 采用自主学习策略，合作与交流策略和阅读策略。运用直观手段-视频调动学生学习的积极性，帮助学生理解和掌握短文改错的答题方法和诀窍。 七．教学设计 Step1. Lead-in
2016年高考英语短文改错冲刺复习 改革大纲 高分技巧教案
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短文改错解题技巧归纳
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高考英语短文改错 套路总结
一短文改错万能公式 1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有： ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用; ②and前后动词时态不一致; ③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 2.名词的常见错误： 单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。 3.连词错误： 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。 关于连词，一般考查从句关系： who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 4.冠词错误： 误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定); 误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
5.形容词和副词错误： 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel); 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。 6.代词错误： 代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us;they/them)错误; 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误; 代词的单数和复数使用错误; 代词指代错误; 多代词或少代词。 7.非谓语动词的常见错误： 不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时; and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时); 介词后用动名词形式作宾语; 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 8.介词错误： 词组中的介词误用; 介词意思理解偏差; 介词的多用或少用。 二短文改错解答口诀
高考英语短文改错答题技巧+20条复习要诀
高考英语短文改错答题技巧+20条复习要诀 导读：教书育人楷模，更好地指导自己的学习，让自己不断成长。让我们一起到本人一起学习吧!下面本人网的本人给 你们带来了《高考英语短文改错答题技巧+20条复习要诀》供 考生们参考。 高考英语一轮复习的20条学习要诀 第一要诀：收听英语气象报告 有些教学录音带为配合初学者的学习，故意放慢语速，这对英语听力的训练是不够的。如果听语速正常的英语，初学者又会感到力不从心。英语气象报告的速度虽快，但词汇简单固定，内容单纯，重复的可能性大，而且在生活中随时都可以印证，是听力入门的好教材。 第二要诀：收听中国国际广播电台的英语广播 中国国际广播电台(China Radio International)每 天早上7:00-8:00，中午11:00-12:00各有一小时的英语节目。内容包括国内外新闻剪报集锦和各类系列的专题报道。除了英语标准流利的国内播音员担任广播之外，也有向外侨或访客就某一话题而做的录音访问。内容广泛，但词汇较简单，语速亦适中，可以藉此训练或增进英语的听力。 第三要诀：善用录音带锻炼听说能力 有些学习者总是习惯于一边看书一边听磁带，把磁带当成阅读的辅助工具，这样打不到锻炼听力的目的。录音带应该是以听说能力的训练为主。学习者要选用与自己能力相适应的听力磁带，不要急于求成，以免产生受挫心理。先反复聆听
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2015高考新课标卷II 短文改错 解析
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高考短文改错技巧_答题技巧总结精华版
高考短文改错技巧，答题技巧总结
(二) 句法的测试： 1主谓语在数上的一致； I hope everything are ok with you. are 改为is 2名词性从句； A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。 3定语从句； This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them改为which 4强调句型；It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who… It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改为that 5句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。 (三)语篇的测试语篇的测试包括： 1上下文中的时态是否一致； 2上下文中的代词是否一致； 3上下文中的逻辑是否一致； 4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。 1．Dear David, I have recently felt guilty, stay sleepless at night. You may wonder how. To tell you the truth, it is just because of the fact that I seldom cheat in exams and I
just can’t stop me. In many exams, I used cellphones to surf the net for answer. Besides, I sometimes referred them to my notebooks so copied something. As you know, cheating do much harm to our learning and self-confidence. It’s time that I take action to stop it. I would appreciate it you could offer me some advice. Looking forward to your reply! 2．My father and I am taking a camping trip in July1.________ and August. We will travel for about two months but2.________ will tour the United States and parts of the Canada. We3.________ have decided to camp because it does not spend as much4.________ as vacationing in hotels, but we had to plan carefully. I5.________ think the car what we are going to drive is very small, so6.________ we decide to take only one small suitcase for both of them7.________ and as few camping things as possibly. We will take some8.________ medicine with us prevent insects from hurting us, and also9.________ some food for picnics. I'm sure that we will have fun.10.________ Tom is a little boy, but he is only seven years old. One day he1.________ went to the cinema. It was the first time for him to do that. He2.________ bought a ticket and then went out. But after two or three minutes3.________ he came out and bought the second ticket and went in again. After a4.________ few minutes he comes out again and bought a third ticket. Two5.________ or three minutes later he came out and asked another ticket.6.________ Then the girl in the ticket office who asked him, “Why do you7.________