恩波《考研英语难句突破300句》300_17
2004 Part A Text 4
15. Razitch’s latest book,Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools,concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
【译文】莱维西的最新著作《落后：一个世纪学校改革的失败》探索了学校里反智主义倾向的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校根本没有抵制美国人对才学追求的厌恶。
【析句】句子的主干是Razitch's latest book… traces the roots…。书名Left Back…是book的同位语，concluding引导的是状语成分。句中的they指前面的schools。注意concluding…后面的宾语从句中各个词之间的肯定和否定关系。
【讲词】 trace作名词主要指“痕迹，踪迹”，作动词表示“沿着，跟踪，追溯”。Age has left its traces on her face.（岁月在她脸上留下了痕迹。）
anything but的意思是“决不，远非”：I was anything but happy about going.（我根本不喜欢去。）I’d rather be anything but ordinary.（我决非愿做一个平凡的人。）
counterbalance “抗衡”：His wife’s calm nature acts as a counterbalance to h is excitability.（他妻子的沉着冷静抵消了他的火爆脾气。）The girl’s earnest effort counterbalanced her slowness at learning.（这女孩的刻苦努力弥补了她在学习上的迟钝。）
distaste“讨厌”：It’s a shame that she has a distaste for hard work.（她厌恶干重活，真是丢人！）
16. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically,to defend
their ideas and understand the ideas of others,they cannot fully participate in our democracy.
【译文】鼓励孩子们排斥精神生活使得他们容易被人利用和控制。没有能力进行批判性的思考，没有能力捍卫自己的思想并理解他人的思想，他们就不能充分地参与我们的民主。【析句】第一句话的谓语动词是leaves，动名词短语充当句子的主语。第二句话中的三个平行的动词不定式to think critically，to defend their ideas和to understand the ideas of others作ability 的后置定语。
【讲词】 vulnerable意为“脆弱的，易受打击的”。We are vulnerable both by water and land,without either fleet or army.（由于没有舰队和军队，我们在水路和陆路上都易受攻击。）Women are more vulnerable to domestic violence.（女人更容易受到家庭暴力的侵害。）
exploitation意为“开发,开采,剥削，利用”。the exploitation of natural resources （自然资源的开发），ocean exploitation（海洋开发）。The country resented the economic exploitation by the colonists.（这个国家痛恨殖民主义对其所进行的经济剥削。）exploitation的动词形式是exploit。
17. “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti Intellectualism in American life,a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti intellectualism in US politics,religion,and education.
【译文】历史学家理查德·霍夫斯塔特教授在《美国生活中的反智主义》中写道：“才智被看作是一种权势或特权而遭厌恶。”这本曾获普利策奖图书奖的著作探讨了美国政治、宗教和教育中的反智主义的根源。
【析句】此句的主语是historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter，谓语是writes，宾语是Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege。in Anti Intellectualism in American life是状语，a Pulitzer Prize winning book是书名Anti Intellectualism in American life的同位语，介词短语on the roots of…education修饰book。
【讲词】 intellect指智力，学习和推理的能力，或对知识的理解力和领悟力，也可指知识分子或有很高理解力的人。同根词有intelligent（聪明的），intelligence（聪明，智慧），intelligentsia（知识分子总称），intellectual（知识的，知识分子），intellectualism（知性主义）。所谓“知识产权”，英文为intellectual property rights。
18. From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter,our democratic and popul ist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.
【译文】霍夫斯塔特说，自我们的历史之初，我们对民主化和大众化的渴望就驱使我们排斥任何带有精英主义色彩的东西。
【析句】这是一个简单句，句子的成分比较清楚。主语是Hofstadter，谓语是says，宾语是our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism。From the beginning of our history是时间状语。
【讲词】 populist意为“民粹的，民粹主义者”。populism（民粹主义）是一个与
elitism（精英主义）相对的政治概念，前者强调对民众的依赖，而后者更重视社会精英（elites）的作用。
urge作名词时表示“驱策，鼓动，冲动，刺激”，例如：I had an urge to see him.（我迫切希望见到他。）democratic and populist urges可以译为“民主和民粹思想冲动”。
19. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unna tural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not kno w a thing.”
【译文】拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生和其他一些先验主义哲学家认为学校教育和死啃书本抑制了孩子们的天性。“我们被关在中小学和大学的背诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来时满腹经纶却什么也不懂。”
【析句】理解这句话并不难，但是有些单词和词组（或搭配）平时可能不大遇到。transcendentalist意为“先验论者”或“先验论的”，schooling等于education（教育），rigorous book learning（拼命学习或死啃书本），unnatural restraints（非自然的束缚），college recitation rooms（大学的背诵教室），a bellying of words（相当于汉语的“一肚子墨水”或“满腹经纶”）。
【讲词】 restrain是及物动词，意为“拘束，抑制”：She tried to restrain her surprise from being visible.（她尽量不让自己的惊奇表露出来。）如要表示在什么方面进行限制，注意restraint（名词）和restrain（动词）后面所接的介词应该是on。restrain的形容词形式是restrained，类似的一组单词是restrict（动词），
restriction（名词），restricted（形容词，强调受限）和restrictive（形容词，强调是限制性的）。
20. Hofstadter says our country s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”
【译文】霍夫斯塔特说，掌握我们国家教育体系的人“喜不自禁地、咄咄逼人地宣扬对才智的敌视，并且迫不及待地认同那些看来最没有希望在才智上有造就的孩子。”
【析句】本句的主干是Hofstadter says…,其中people后面的who引导一个定语从句who joyfully… promise,而children后面又有一个 who引导的定语从句。
【讲词】 militant意为“好战的”或“好战分子”。The militant youths of the two tribes were blamed for the conflict.（外界认为两个部族好战的青年应对这场冲突负责。）
proclaim意为“宣告，宣布”（announce officially and publicly），其名词形式为proclamation。
hostility意为“敌意，对抗”，其复数形式hostilities常指“敌对的行为”或“战争”。例如：Hostilities broke out between the two countries following the border disp ute.（在边境争端发生后，两国爆发了战争。）
promise除了表示“承诺，许诺”以外，还可表示“预示，暗示”或“（有）希望，（有）前途”。例如：a promise of spring in the milder air（和风预示着春天就要到来），a young player of great promise（一个很有前途的年轻演员）。
2005-2012历年英语六级作文真题及范文
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英语四级必看英语语法(全)
all the same 仍然,照样的as regards 关于,至于anything but 根本不as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例 as a result(of) 因此,由于as far as ...be concerned 就...而言as far as 远至,到...程度as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下as if 好像,仿怫 as good as 和...几乎一样as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还as well as 除...外(也),即...又
aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多at first 最初,起先 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 内心里,本质上at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少at last 终于 at length 最终,终于at most 至多,不超过
at no time 从不,决不by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经,一度;同时at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任...处理at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早by chance 偶然,碰巧
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