看完《我的少女时代》来学青春有关的英语词汇

看完《我的少女时代》来学青春有关的英语词汇
看完《我的少女时代》来学青春有关的英语词汇

看完《我的少女时代》来学青春有关的英语词汇

听闻最近不少童鞋看完《我的少女时代》,少女心有点点爆棚,双语君特意准备了一期青春词汇送给大家。跟着这些词汇再回忆一遍我们的青葱校园吧。

校花school babe / campus belle

“校花”的英文说法最常见的有school babe和campus belle两种。

Babe这个词是对年轻女子或爱人的昵称,男子用以称呼不相识的女子则有冒犯之嫌。不过,现在很多人都用这个词来指代年轻貌美的女子。

Belle是个法语词,意思是“美丽的女人”,那么campus belle也就是学校里最美丽的女子(即“校花”)了。

校草school hunk / campus beau

“校草”的英文表达呼声最高的当属school hunk了。Hunk是个俚语表达,指性感有魅力的男子,或者身形健壮、肌肉发达的热辣男子。

但这和我们心目中清新鲜嫩的“校草”似乎还有一些距离。

那么还有一个词,campus beau。Beau来源法语,指英俊、时髦男子,或花花公子。

另外,国外的学校每到学年结束时,都会举办舞会(prom)。这种正式舞会(a formal dance),一般参加的都是三四年级的学生。男孩子们身着燕尾服(tuxedos),女孩子们则穿着美丽的晚礼服(beautiful gowns)。舞会现场学生们会投票选出自己心目中的舞会皇后(prom queen),一般也会有个男孩子被选为舞会之王(prom king)。

这也相当于中国校园里的“校花”、“校草”了。

理工男science geek

“理工男”指学理工科出身(majored in science and technology)又拥有高智商的那么一群男士。

他们的理工科知识面很广,热爱高科技发明(high-tech inventions),喜欢挑战电脑游戏(computer games),同时对生活充满好奇。

不过,他们在人际交往方面似乎缺少一些必要的常识(lacking social skills)。

美剧《生活大爆炸》中的几位主角应该是“理工男”群体的最典型代表。

学霸straight A student

Straight A student就是门门功课都拿A的学生,相当于我们说的学霸。

还有一种稍带贬义的说法是curve wrecker。

Curve是美国大学考试中一种对测试分数上的数值修正,以保证班上的大部分学生通过考试。

比如说,一次微积分的测验满分100,60分及格。最简单的curve就是取满分100与班级最高分的差值,然后给全部参加考试的学生都加上这么多的分数。也就是说,如果班级最高分是85,那么教授可能加15分让它达到100。每个人的测验分数也都会加上15分,这样一来,那些得了最低分45、原本不及格的人就能拿到及格分。

如果某个学霸在测验时拿了非常高的分数或满分,将别人获得加分的可能性拉低甚至减为零,就会被认为是curve wrecker。Wrecker即破坏者。

至于学渣,则可以说成是students with bad grades。另外,还有一个词,slacker,指偷懒、不努力工作或学习的人,勉强也可作为学渣的翻译吧。

校霸bully

Bully做名词用时,指横行霸道、恃强凌弱的人,通常用来指校园里爱欺负同学的坏学生。例句:

?One day I hope us regular kids will stand up to those mean bullies. That will teach them a lesson.

有一天,我希望我们这些普通孩子能并肩对抗那些可恶的校霸,好好教训他们一顿。

校园里这种欺负同学的行为,叫做campus bullying。

书呆子nerd

Nerd一般都指高智商、低情商,缺少社交技能,沉迷于钻研科学或书本的人。他们经常成为同学排挤、嫉妒的对象。有部分nerd和geek一样,也喜欢钻研电脑。其形容词为nerdy,指书呆子气的。

根据影视作品的描述和大众心目中的印象,Nerd往往具有以下特征:

?厚底大眼镜

large glasses

?严重粉刺

severe acne

?高腰裤子

pants worn high at the waist

?不善社交,肢体语言别扭

socially and physically awkward

?无视或者察觉不到他人对他们抱有的成见

indifferent or oblivious to the negative perceptions held of them by others

不过,比尔·盖茨有句名言:

?Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.

对书呆子好一点,十有八九你将来会为某个书呆子打工。

女汉子tough girl

“女汉子”可以翻译成tough girl或cowgirl,因为相对于分不清男女的tomboy (假小子),她们还有独立自强的一面。

也有人很形象地把女汉子的英文名字称为wo-man,虽然外表上还是和女性woman没有区别,但是一条横杠把wo和man隔开了,由此说明她也具备man的特点。

“女汉子”通常都没有男朋友,男人在她眼中都是bromeo(男闺蜜)。她们不喜欢逛街,不爱化妆,更喜欢抠脚吃面打游戏。一手提一箱牛奶,一手提一袋米,自己扛行李,这些都是女汉子们必备的技能。

软妹子girly girl

与粗犷豪放的女汉子(tough girl)和跨越了性别界限的假小子(tomboy)相比,浪漫柔美的软妹子是否更加惹人垂怜?

Girly girl是一个俚语,用来形容女人味十足的女孩。她们穿着花样美装,长裙曳地,谈论的都是恋爱、购物等和传统女性身份相关的话题。Girly girl用来翻译“软妹子”再合适不过。

宅男otaku / indoorsman

“宅男”这个词,被《汉英大词典》翻译为otaku,来源于日本的“御宅”(おたく)一词。

但如果要用正宗的英文词来翻译,可以说成是indoorsman。

?Indoorsman refers to a person who spends considerable time in indoor pursuits, such as computing, sleeping and watching sports on television.

“宅男”(indoorsman)就是指把大部分时间都花在像玩电脑、睡觉以及看电视体育节目等室内活动方面的人。例如:

?I may not know baseball scores, but as an avid indoorsman, I've been highly regarded for my skill at video games and computer programming.

我可能对棒球比赛结果不太了解,但是作为一个专业“宅男”,我在视频游戏和电脑程序方面的技能可是一直备受推崇的。

由此类推,“宅女”就可以用otaku girl 或 indoorswoman这个词来表达了。

另外,geek和nerd也与汉语中的“宅男”含义接近。

死党bestie

Bestie是best friend的简称,也就是死党的意思。女生还常说BFF,即best friend forever,用中文说就是闺蜜啦。形容朋友之间关系特别铁可以用“tight”。例句:

?Mason is my bestie.

梅森是我的死党。

朋友还有很多种,比如bosom friend(知心朋友),frenemy(半敌半友),fair-weather friend(酒肉朋友)等等。

基友butt buddies

?Butt buddies is a term used to describe very very very close friends of the same sex. Almost as if they were gay but they certainly aren't gay. Often seen together 24/7.

“烟屁股朋友”用来描述非常非常非常要好的同性朋友。他们好得几乎像是同性恋但事实上又不是。经常没日没夜呆在一起。

例句:

?"Dude, I see you and Kevin together all the time; are you guys like butt buddies now?!"

“哥们,我看你和凯文一直黏在一起;你们现在成了好基友啦?”

还有个与基友常常一起出现的词:基情,英文中对应的词叫bromance。

备胎rebound guy/girl

?Rebound guy/girl is a guy/girl used on the sideline by an individual if he/she thinks his/her relationship is going to end.

“备胎”就是一个人留在身边备用以防上一段感情快要结束的暧昧男或暧昧女。例句:

?I don't really like her; she's just my rebound girl. This rebound relationship doesn't count.

我其实不喜欢她啦,她就是个备胎而已,这段感情不算数。

很早以前的美剧Seinfeld(《宋飞正传》)中的人物乔治·科斯坦萨有句台词是这样的:"You're a backup! You're a second line, a just-in-case, a B-plan, a contingency."这里出现的backup(候补)、second line(二线队员)、just-in-case(备用)、B-plan(B方案)、contingency(应急方案)其实都有"备胎"的意思。

此外,英语里边表达"备胎"还可以叫"second choice"或者"second fiddle"。在一个交响乐队中,第一小提琴手是最重要和最引人注目的(First Fiddle is the star and favorite),第二小提琴手就次之了,"second fiddle"是"二把手、第二角色"的意思。"Play second fiddle"即"唱配角; 当副手"。

有意思的是,在中文里,备胎的字面意思翻译成英文是"spare tire"(备用的轮胎),但"spare tire"在英语还有一层意思是,a big stomach,即人腰腹部的赘肉,即中文里说的"游泳圈"。

追星族idolater

追星族英文是idolater,idolatress特指女性追星族。

Fans大家都知道啦,粉丝还可以说aficionado或supporter。粉丝也有很多种。

?铁杆粉丝

铁粉可以说die-hard fans,hardcore fans或stan。Stan是艾米纳姆的流行金曲《Stan》中的主人公。因为歌中的这个人物对艾米纳姆太痴迷,所以他的名字就被人们用来形容那些对名人或运动明星等过度病态痴迷的粉丝,即“铁杆粉丝”或者“狂热粉丝”。Stan由由stalker(追随者)和fan(粉丝)这两个词组合而成。

?脑残粉

女的“脑残粉”叫fangirl,男的“脑残粉”叫fanboy。

?骨肉皮

还有一种女粉丝叫groupie(骨肉皮),特指仰慕并追随摇滚乐团的少女。

吃货foodie

“吃货”指“喜欢吃各类美食的人”。英语可以译为foodie或foody。

?A foodie/foody refers to someone who has an ardent and enthusiastic interest in the preparation and consumption of good food. A foodie seeks new food experiences as a hobby.

“吃货”指对烹调和品尝美食有浓烈兴趣的人。“吃货”把寻求新的美食经历作为嗜好。

“吃货”是个通俗词,汉语另有高雅的同义词,例如“美食爱好者”、“美食客”、“美食家”、“美食达人”等,其对应的英文包括:gourmet, gastronome, gastronomist, bon vivant, connoisseur, epicure, epicurean等。Gourmet是不仅享受美食,而且非常精通美食美酒的人。

Gastronome和gastronomist都是“美食家”,但有细微区别,前者注重烹调术,而后者更关心饮食文化。

Bon vivant源自法语,直译为good liver,即“快乐生活的人”,相当于“锦衣玉食者”。法国人也是以食为天,讲究饮食,故bon vivant具有“美食家”的内涵。Epicure尤指喜欢吃稀奇食物的美食家。

Epicurean尤指追求奢侈和舒适的美食家。

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英语词汇学教程期末总结 1、 what is lexicology? Lexicology is the study of the vocabulary or lexicon of a given language. It deals not only with simple words, but also with complex and compound words. 2、 morphology is the study of the forms of words and their components. In morphology, morpheme is a basic concept. Morphemes are considered as the smallest meaningful units which may constitute words or parts of words. Semantics is often defined as the study of meaning. Semantics is usually approached from one of two perspectives: philosophical or linguistic. Etymology is the study of the whole history of words. First…second…third P2 3、 lexicography is closely related to the words in a given language. It involves the writing and compilation of dictionaries, especially dealing with the principles that underlie the process of compiling and editing dictionaries. 4、 Major features of words: 背

2012 英语词汇学论文 英文版

成绩 Root and Affixation of Lexicology Abstract: It’s important and permanent to master the vocabulary in the English learning. Everyone who has ever set foot on English realizes that it’s somewhat incredible for us to reciting numerous and difficult words. Nevertheless, there are some skills we should acquire to make word-recitation easier and more effective. This paper mainly discusses the using of vocabulary root and affix. Only by having a good knowledge of the roots and affixes, can we prosper our English vocabulary and further our English study. Key words: root; affixation; detailed analysis; difficult words 1Introduction: Blindly reciting numerous and difficult words is a total waste of time and energy. Especially, situation becomes worse for the college students with little words storage and non-interest. However, most of the English words are comprised with roots and affixes, which are limited, stable and short. If we acquire them, it will be much simpler and rapider for us to recognize the unfamiliar and difficult words through the analysis on roots and affixes. If we can master and know how to use them properly, it will be a big step for the further study of this foreign language. A road of a thousand miles begins with each single step, so does the English words. Now we are going to learn the root and affixation respectively. Definition is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity and it carries the main component of meaning in a word. By learning the roots, we will find it not complicated for us to understand the long and difficult words which we often encounter in the tough reading test. However long and tough the word is, we can divide it into several parts, the fundamental part is the root and then we can understand what it means and fluently blurt it out without repeating it. Here are some detail analyses of the examples: Internationalist: nation is the root which means country or state, inter- is prefix meaning between or interactive, -al is the suffix and the –ist is the suffix meaning the person. So you will quite simply find its meaning. Invigorate: the root is vigor similar to power and energy, in- means making sth have the function of verb, here is make sth vigor, -ate is the verb suffix. So invigorate is to make sth vigorous. Antecedent: -ced- is the root referring to motion or going forward, ante- is before, and –ent means somebody. So antecedent is somebody who moves ahead of us, the same as forefather or ancestor. Protract: -tract is the root like pulling sth or extending sth make it wider or longer, pro- is the prefix meaning “ahead”. After analyzing this word, we know that “protract” is similar to prolong meaning make sth longer or longer to live. A lot of words contain this root, such as detract, extract, subtract, attract, tractable, intractable, etc. Arbitrariness: arbitrary is the root indicating to randomness or out of order, -ness is the noun suffix. The profound meaning of learning roots is that you will find it much easy to memorize words because there are so many word share the same root. No matter how long and hoe difficult the word is, the basic meaning of the word is stable and unchangeable. If we recite words according the

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现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

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Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning ?9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning ?9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change ?9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning ―a little tail‖ or ―a fine brush‖, like our Chinese ―pen‖毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a ―pencil‖. atom==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos ,invisible. Thus atom meant originally ―an particle too small to be divided‖. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split. B.Social cause 社会原因 Change in word meaning resulting from a constant verbal traffic between common words and various technical words is referred to as social cause of semantic change. Some technical words have lost their specialized meaning and have come to be used in more general senses. Eg. feedback (Electr.) =means ―response‖ in common use ,as in ―The teacher likes to have feedback from his students‖; allergic(Med.)=means ―being unusually sensitive to the action of particular foods, pollens, insect-bites ,etc.‖ *A specific environment may add a fresh and highly technical sense to a word of general use . Eg. energy=(Phys.) ability of matter or radiation to do work decline=(Gram.) inflect, state the case-forms of C.Foreign influences 外来文化影响 A particularly important cause . eg. -pig ,sheep ,ox(cow)denote the names of both the animals and their meat in the Old English period ,but since the meat was called pork ,mutton and beef respectively among the Norman conquerors, the original terms are now used only as the names of the animals. -dream meant ―joy‖ in OE, it gets its modern sense from the related Scandinavian word draumr.

英语词汇学第五章复习资料

第五章 词汇: reference n.所指 Concept n.概念 identical adj. 同一的;完全相同的 Motivation 理据 Onomatopoeic 拟声的 echoic 拟声的 morphological 形态的 opaque adj. 不透明的;不传热的;迟钝的 literal adj. 文字的;逐字的;无夸张的 figurative 形态的 associations 联想 Etymological 词源 monogamous 单配的 constant adj. 不变的 indeterminate 不确定的 archaic 旧的 Interjections 感叹词 overlaps n. 重叠部分 revealed v. 透露 要点: 一. 1.Reference –the relationship between language and the world.(cat,"she""annimal"ect.) {The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is a rbitrary and conventional. This connection is the result of generalization and abstraction. Although reference is abstract,yet with the help of context, it can refer to something specific. }

2.Concept–which beyond language, is the result of human cognition,reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It isn’t affected by language. Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical. Meaning belongs to language,so is restricted to language use. A concept can have as many referring expressions as there are language in the world. 3.Sense – (the meaning of meaning.) denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language. It is also abstraction. 二.Motivation-accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its mean ing. English does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent. Most words are non-motivated. The connection of the sign and meaning dose not have a logical explanation. 1.Onomatopoeic Motivation – the words whose sounds suggest their meaning. (Indicate the relationship between sound and meaning). Knowing the sounds of the words means understanding the meaning. These words we created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. (For example,bang,ping-pang,crow by cocks,etc. ) Such echoic words are also conventional for the sounds we say in English may not be the same in other language.

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