名词性从句考点梳理

名词性从句考点梳理

名词性从句包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，由于近年英语高考考试说明没有把同位语从句纳入其中，同学们应着重掌握前三大名词性从句的主要特点和用法。

1. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.

2. I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for his family might need.

A. whoever

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. whenever

3. As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

4. He turned around and found where his parents were missing.

5. My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

6. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.

解析 1. what。根据结构可知空格后为宾语从句，该处引导词相当于the thing that，既需充当found后的宾语，又要作

appears的主语，故只有what可担任。

2. B。根据句意“当我把礼物卡交给他并告诉他可以用其买他的家人所需要的任何东西时，他哭了”，空格处需表示“任何东西”，whatever在此处相当于everything that，在句中引导宾语从句。

3. how。普韦布洛印第安人精确地计算出土坯墙需要多厚才能确保在大多数日子里运转正常。thick是形容词，前面应加上how修饰，how也充当了宾语从句的引导词。

4. 将where去掉或where→that。此处为宾语从句，从句内容和结构都完整。

5. that→where。此处为宾语从句，表示“距我所住的地方很近”，应将that改为where。

6. how→what。根据结构，how to do during the holiday

充当talking about的宾语从句，do是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，而how为副词，应将how改为what。

同学们应着重了解以下几种英语高考名词性从句常考点：

[what]

主要用法有两个。一是意为“什么”，原本引导特殊疑问句，疑问句变为名词性从句，从句使用陈述语序；二是相当于something that，如同?h语中的兼语，身兼两重功能。如：例1 But every day，we would sit by the lake，looking at

the house and dreaming of it would be like to live there.

A. which

B. why

C. that

D. what

解析D。根据句意“但是每天我们都会坐在湖边，看着那栋房子，心里想象着住在里面会是什么样子”选择what，作介词like的宾语。

例2 If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate is below the water surface.

解析what。此处应为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“在水面以下是什么”，应使用what。

例3 Eventually，I decided to follow her and ________ happened truly amazed me.

解析what。此处what相当于the thing that，表示“所发生的事使我惊讶”。

例4 A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not ________ ships are built for.

解析what。此处空格需要充当上文is后的表语，又要充当表语从句中介词for的宾语，故只能使用what。

[that]

在名词性从句中，that一般只起引导词的作用，本身无词义，在句中也不充当成分，因此在句中常可省略，但引导主语从句，尤其位于句首时，不可省略。如：

例5 The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _______

one can be entirely free from dust.

解析that。考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不受沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，that只起引导作用。

例6 _______ Li Bai is one of the greatest poets in the history of China is universally acknowledged by everyone.

解析That。此句为主语从句，句中结构和句意皆完整，只差一个引导从句的引导词，应使用that。

注意当that引导的主语从句较长时，此时可使用代词it作形式主语，放于句首。上句例句可改为It is universally acknowledged （by everyone）that Li Bai is one of the greatest poets in the history of China。又如：例7 It is often the case ______ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.

解析that。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句。

使用其他引导词引导的主语从句也可使用此法。如：

It remains to be seen whether the method will really do good to the old couple.

It is still unknown when and where we’ll go for the weekend.

注意在使用it作形式主语时，要注意与强调句型区分。如：

It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.

解析that。此句使用了??调句型，句中when I got back to my apartment是被强调的部分。

[whether&if]

whether和if含有“是否”之意，除了if不可引导同位语从句外，可引导各种名词性从句。如：

例8 She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.

解析whether/if。根据句意“她问我是否把书还给了图书馆，我承认没有”，应使用whether或if引导宾语从句。

注意多数情况下，表示“是否”时，whether和if可通用，但下列情况下，不能使用if：

在介词后的宾语从句不能使用if引导；

引导主语从句和同位语从句时不可使用if；

在不定式后面只能使用whether。如：

Whether the plan will be carried out is still under consideration.

What’s really important depends on whether you will truly do it as I have told you.

[疑问词+ever]

“疑问词+ever”的形式在高考中考得较为普遍，其中以

疑问代词如what/who/which+ever居多。如：

例9 ________ will not make any difference to our arrangements. （say）

无论他说什么，都是不会对我们的安排有影响。

解析Whatever he says。根据结构，这里是主语从句，“无论他说什么”应表达成whatever he says。

纵观历年名词性从句的考查，what可谓是频率最高的词汇，此外that由于其在从句和各种特殊句型中功能的复杂性和灵活性，需重点注意，不可混淆。