科技英语课后练习答案
Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文
Part 2 Reading A
I
1 F
2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.T
II
1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.
2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．
3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．
4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．
5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.
III
1.d
2.e
3.b
4.j
5.i
6.c
7.f
8.h
9.g 10.a
IV
1.处理速度
2.用户友好的交互图形
3. 产品周期
4. 设计规格
5. 设计评价
6.CAD
7.CAM
8.CAE
9.design process 10.production process
Unit 3
Part 2 Reading A
Ⅰ Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage.
1.F
2.T
3.F
4.F
5.T
6.F
7.T
8.T
9.F 10.F
ⅡGive brief answers to the following questions.
1. Nissan will unveil a new city car ,the pixo and a battery-electric concept car
2. Pixo is available with manual or automatic transmissions.
3. Sales start from late spring 2009.
4. The NuVu battery pack uses new laminated lithium-ion cells with a capacity of 140 wh/kg .
5.There are no door mirrors to disturb the airflow.
Ⅲ Match the items listed in the following two columns.
1-5 j f d c g
6-10 e I h b a
Ⅳ Translate the following expressions.
1.手动或自动挡
2.内部设计
3.薄板锂离子电池
4.太阳能电池板
5.头尾灯
6 concept car
7. Horse power
8. test bed
9. battery pack
10. turning circle
ⅤTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. 尼桑推出了一种新产品—城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车—NuVu，预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车上。
2. 尼桑表示，如果个人的流动性水平持续下降的话，正在进行的城市化将推进对城市中驾驶的各类汽车进行彻底的重新思考。
3. Nuvu最重要的方面是其内部设计，聪明的整体设计提供了极大的舒适和空间。
4. 两个踏板，用于停车和前进。还有数字仪表盘来显示速度，行驶距离和电池容量。
5.凭借其轻巧的结构，Pixo在NEDC(新欧洲循环驾驶)试验中产生的二氧化碳排放量低至103克/公里，燃料消耗量为4.6升/100公里。
Unit 2
Part 2 Reading A
I. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F
II.
1. Three. They are a Communication System, A Measurement system, A Feedback Control system.
2.It is to accept the input signal from an input device (microphone), use this signal to control the amplitude of a radio frequency signal (each broadcast station is assigned its own radio frequency), and drive the output device (the antenna) with a radio frequency current to produce electromagnetic waves radiating into space.
3. To acquire information from suitable transducers about the behavior of some physical system and to display this information to the observer.
4. Is the feedback control system
5. In which information about the behavior of the output modifies the signals driving the system.
III. b f g c e d j h i a
IV.
1.调幅
2. 射频
3. 冰点槽
4. 与…成比例
5. 数字显示器
6. audio microphone
7. receiving system
8. transmitting system
9. on-off control 10. set the temperature
V.
1. 接收器的功能是放大或增加天线接收的相对较弱的信号的强度，过滤或选择所需的其他广播站的射频信号，用射频信号振幅的改变来恢复音频信号，并用此音频信号驱动扬声器。
2. 在测量系统中，每一个处理步骤都会将预计到的涉及查找和消除的任何小错误，添加到的信号上。
3. 第三个系统是反馈控制系统，在该系统中，通过输出性能的数据来调整驱动系统的信号。
4. 这种恒温调节器包含确定室内温度的输入设备（通常，双金属带随温度改变而弯曲），设置所需温度的机械装置（设置温度的拨号盘），以及机械式开关，由双金属带启动，控制熔炉。
5. 假设熔炉没有开关装置，房间的温度，或者升到最高某个温度（如果熔炉一直开着），或者降到最低的某个温度（如熔炉一直关着）。
Unit 4 练习答案
Part 2 Reading A
Ⅰ Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage
1.T
2.F
3. T
4. F
5.T
6.T.
7.F.
8. T
9.T 10.F
ⅡGive brief answers to the following questions
1. A system in which actions are controlled by the direct insertion of numerical data at some point. The system must automatically interpret at least some portion of this data.”
2. The operator works with a sophisticated and expensive system, intelligence, clear thinking, and especially good judgment are essential qualifications of a good NC operator.
3. The driving device may be a DC motor, a hydraulic actuator, or a stepping motor.
4. Compared with a conventional machine tool, the NC system replaces the manual actions of the operator. In conventional machining a part is produced by moving a cutting tool along a workpiece by means of handwheels, which are guided by an operator.
5.Because of their high durability and quality.
Ⅲ Match the items listed in the following two columns
1. f
2. h
3. e
4. b
5. c
6. d
7. I
8. a
9. j 10. g
Ⅳ Translate the following expressions
1.零件程序
2. 穿孔纸带
3. 液压致动器
4. 三维信息
5. 计算机数控
6. EIA （Electronic Industries Association）
7. basic length-unit
8. in the form of
9. servo actuator 10. stepping motor
ⅤTranslate the following sentences into Chinese
1.在典型的数控系统中，制造零件所需的数值数据，即零件程序，被保存在穿孔带上。
2.和传统的机床相比，数控系统取代了操作员的手工操作。
3.工件程序设计员必须熟悉数控机床的功能和加工工艺，然后才能决定最佳的操作顺序。
4. DNC技术是目前制造业的先进技术,是数控技术、通信技术、计算机网络和数据库等技术的综合应用。
5. 该驱动装置可能是一个直流电动机，液压致动器，或步进电机。对驱动装置类型的选择主要取决于机器对电源的要求
Unit 5 练习答案
Part 2
Reading A
ⅠⅠT 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6.T 7.T 8F .9.F 10.T
Ⅱ1. The function of computer hardware components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage.
2. They are: a light pen, a mouse, a joystick, a keyboard, touch-screen displays, an optical scanner, a microphone, a voice recognition module, a modem, a network interface card (NIC).
3. RAM is also known as volatile memory because the information within the computer chips is
lost when power to the computer is turned off.
4. Flash memory is now very popular in portable devices with its high capacity, fast read/write
speed, portability, convenient application and kinetic shock resistance, etc.
5. Input hardware consists of external devices—that provide information and instructions to the computer; output hardware consists of internal and external devices that transfer information from the computer’s CPU to the computer user.
Ⅲ 1. f 2. e 3. g 4. a 5. c 6. i 7. d 8. j 9. b 10. h
Ⅳ 1. 激光打印机 2. 局域网 3. 永久性存储器 4. 光扫描仪 5. 电子电路
6. modulator-demodulator
7. inked ribbon
8.read-only memory
9. digital versatile disc 10. central processing unit(CPU)
Ⅴ 1. 鼠标是一个由手握住控制的定点装置。操纵杆(摇杆)是一个由杠杆构成的定点装置,
它在电脑屏幕上可多个方向移动操控光标或者其它的图像。
2. 网络接口卡使得计算机通过类似于电话线的专门的电缆或者无线连接接入局域网。
大多数局域网是通过以标准以太网络(1983年引进)连接的。
3. 作为永久的计算机部件,硬盘驱动一般可以存储大量信息,同时检索资料的速度也非
常快。相比之下,软盘存储较少的信息, 检索速度也较慢。
4. 只读存储器包括非常重要的信息和必须永久地可以用于电脑操作的软件,例如总开
机到关机自始至终指示计算机运行的操作系统。
Unit 6 练习答案
Part 2
Reading A
I.
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. T
6. T
7.F
8.F
9. T 10. T
II.
1. E-business is the application of Internet technologies to business processes./ E-business is
taken as the extension of business on to the Internet.
2. E-commerce is a subset of e-business, because the sales function is just one of the key business processes
a commercial enterprise supports.
3. Because it will help determine the scope and perspective of this analytical paper.
4. E-commerce is seen as being B2C (business to consumer), B2B (business to business) and B2G (business to government).
5. An e-enterprise is defined as an enterprise prepared to conduct commerce in this new economy.
III.
1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b
5. h
6. e
7. i
8. j
9. f 10. g
IV.
1. 商业交易
2. 电子媒介
3. 交流平台
4. 售后服务和支持
5. 内部流程
6. marketing tool
7. pre-purchase information
8. high-tech stocks
9. information technology 10. an entirely new way
V.
本文将电子商贸定义为通过网站进行货物和服务的销售、资金的转移和支付授权。
IBM公司将电子商务定义为“利用互联网技术的主要商务活动的转变”。
互联网和电子商贸影响着不同的层面，因此也必须从不同的方面进行理解。
只有当在线的预期顾客和供应商足够多时，能利用网络优势的互联网企业才能获利。
研究表明互联网在发展中国家最重要的用途是E-mail（而不是万维网），而这只需要很少的在线时间。
Unit 7 练习答案及课文译文
Part 2
I. Mark the following statements with T(true) or F(false) .
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F
6.T
7.T
8.F
9.T 10.T
Ⅱ.Give brief answers to the following questions.
They appear in both fast and slow flavors. The emergence of them has changed our cultural background and the way we live and work.
Your phones would possess all the features of the computers and it seems that you are going to have the equivalent of a persistent T1 line in your pocket.
Speech-recognition systems.
At present stage, our phones don’t have enoug h processing power for speech recognition.
Because the phone world has no open and single set of protocols for programmers to build around.
III. 1. d 2. e 3. g 4. h 5. i 6. j 7. a 8. f 9. c 10. b
IV. Translate the following expressions
1.技术革命
2.语音命令
3．蜂窝网络
4. 建立临时办公室
5．定位服务
6.flashy memory
7.projection keyboard
8．a phone guy
9．the luxuriously large screen
10．smart phones
V. Translate the following sentences into Chinese
1．电话变得越来越智能、小巧、快捷，并且能够让用户高速地连接到互联网，一个显而易见的问题就出现了：移动手持设备将成为下一代计算机吗?
2．有了这项功能，手机很快就能提供精确的行车向导、播报所路过店铺的打折信息，并拓展约会服务。
3. 电信是利用电子的或者是电磁的信号、脉冲来传递文字、声音、图像以及数据的技术。
4.这个行业里的创新充满了曲折和失误，其原因是常常由于没有任何一家公司能完全控制这一产
品。这个系统中有三种不同的技术来使用这些无线频率波段。
5．科学家已经在语音识别系统方面进行了几十年的研究，且此项研究仍在继续。最近这项技术已被引入PDA中。
英语课后翻译答案新
U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。
《科技英语强化阅读》答案[2]
《科技英语阅读》参考答案 Text 1： I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? FTTFT FF Ⅱ. For questions 1-4 below, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, D. CBDC Text 2: I. Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text. 1.calculation / classification / comparison 2.plotting the course of rockets, preparing bank statements, predicting elections, forecasting weather, and so forth 3.if without the help of computers 4.the message of a familiar advertisement is that machines should work, but men should think https://www.360docs.net/doc/ec2243236.html,puters perform very complex operations in a very short time 6. a very large adding machine 7.traffic lights / telephones 8.two / input / processing / output II. Fill in the blanks in the following text. Pay attention to the verb forms. be sharply replaced / recognize / access / convert / book / pay / interacting / be used / dealing / solving III. Translate the following phrases into Chinese. 1.处理数据 2.计算器 3.计算机科学 4.计算机技术 5.电子计时脉冲 IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1.数据处理就是以计算、分类、比较的方式来处理那些预先存放到机器中的资料。 2.电脑是由数以百万的电子装置组成的，能够通过具有不同功能的闭合电路，以令人难以置信的高速 存储或转换数据。 3.我们都听说电脑用于火箭路线的设计、银行文件的处理、选举预测、天气预报等。 4.这可能是因为电脑可以在极其短暂的——几秒甚至是不到一秒的时间里完成非常复杂的运行。 5.他的工作就是决定计算机需要什么信息，必须要完成哪些运行才能解决一个问题。 Text 3: I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? TFTFF TFT Ⅱ. For questions 1-3 below, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, D. CCA Text 4: I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7.F 8. T II. Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text. 1.it involves a lot of complicated computer processing 2.their positions / the location of the moving camera 3.work at 200 frames a second on a camera tossed from hand to hand 4.generate a 3D map of a player’s room III. Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 1.provided its brain can think fast enough 2.involves collecting and integrating images taken from different angles 3.the less time there is to do this work 4.an affordable, dust-fighting robot that can see where it is going Text 5: I. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? 1-5 FTFFF 6-10 TTFFT 11-12 FT
《科技英语》课后习题答案
Main Content :UNIT 1 MA THEMA TICS I.Text Organization Parts Part One Paragraphs Paras. 1-3 Main Ideas Game theory can be defined as the science of strategy which studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperative forms. Part Two Paras. 4-11 There are two distinct types interdependence: sequential-move simultaneous-move game.of strategic game and Part Three Paras.The typical examples of game theory are given as the 12-19basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and revealing information. Part Four Para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded in illustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation and it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future.
科技英语阅读答案Unit 4
Unit 4 Electronic Information (Robots) Part I EST Reading Reading 1 Section A Pre-reading Task Warm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1.How does a QB work? QB has a speaker, microphone, camera, and video screen. It connects to the internet over Wi-Fi. You control it from your computer in a web browser, using a headset and screen. If you have a camera you can show live video of yourself, or you can show a still picture on bad hair days. 2.Is driving a QB difficult? Is there a hand-held control device I can use with my computer to control the Anybot? It's pretty easy. You use the 4 arrow keys to make it turn, go forward or back. Its built-in guidance system takes care of the rest by avoiding furniture and people, and gliding straight through doorways. All the time you’re seeing real-time video from the robot’s head, so you know where you are. Most people get used to it in a few minutes. Not necessary, all you need is your keyboard. 3.Is a Wi-Fi network in the home or business needed? Yes. You should have 802.11g access points for best results. You should use encryption –WPA2 is easiest. We find Meraki business-class access points work well and are affordable and easy to set up. They have long-range and outdoor models too. 4.What kind of sensors does the Anybot have, and what is the resolution on the Anybot camera? Two cameras, 3 microphones, lidar, a 3-axis gyroscope and encoders on the wheels. The main camera is 5 megapixels. 5.How do you control or drive the Anybot? You should control or drive it through a web browser. You don't need any special equipment, but you’ll sound better with a headset. Section C Post-reading Task Reading Comprehension 1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.
英语课后翻译答案
Unit1 1、任何年满18岁得人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote、 2、每学期开学前，这些奖学金得申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester、 3、遵照医生得建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking、 4、公园位于县城得正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town、 5、这所大学提供了我们所需得所有材料与设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire、 1、她们花了多年得时间寻找内心得平静，但就是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success、 2、这种新药得成功研制已经使许多疾病得治疗发生了根本性得变革。(revolutionize) The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases、 3、由于这个国家得经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of) The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country、 4、大学毕业后她成为了一名护士。她认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding) He became a nurse after college、He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career、 5、她像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as) He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it、 Unit2
科技英语翻译课后答案
科技英语翻译课后答案 High quality manuscripts are welcome to download
科技英语翻译翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
新视野大学英语课后习题翻译答案
新视野大学英语课后习 题翻译答案 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释 How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.
我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们 只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her . 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没有给我打电话作任何解 释。 Mike didn’t come to the party last night , nor did he call me to give an explanation. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么 大作家。 The man sitting next to him did publish some novels , but he is by no means a great writer. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He is not interested in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.
科技英语写作高级教程参考答案
V、练习参考答案 练习1 I、 1、the（各项均为负。) 2、the; a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。） 3、an（这是均方根值伏特计。） 4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。） 5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R的圆周运转。） 6、the（电阻的单位是欧姆。） 7、an （这是一个h参数。） 8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。） 9、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。） 10、/（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。） 11、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。） 12、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。） 13、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。） 14、an（甚至当积分区间并不是无穷时，能够恰当地显示一个时函数的傅氏变换的仪器是多么重要啊！） II、 1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001. 2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’an University of Technology in 1988. 3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks. 4.The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the optical spectrometer. 5.How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment? 6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume. 7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2). 8.The unit of inductance is the henry. III、 1.The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure. 2.Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method. 3.Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharing system 4.The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with an arbitrary profile.
科技英语综合教程课后练习答案及参考译文
科技英语综合教程课后练习答案及参考译文
————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期： 2
Unit 1 搏弈论 阿维纳什?迪克斯特&巴里?内尔巴夫 搏弈是有关策略的科学。它试图以数学和逻辑的方法来帮助搏弈者作出决策，在一系列纷繁复杂的搏弈中应采取何种策略来保证自己获得最大利益。搏弈论研究的搏弈的范围包括了从下棋到抚育儿童，从网球竞技到公司转手。但是所有的博弈都具有一个共同的特征：相互作用。也就是说,每一个博弈者的博弈结果取决于所有博弈参与者的策略选择。在零和搏弈中，搏弈者的利益之间是完全冲突的，因此一方的得利必然导致另一方的损失。更多具有代表性的例子还有会导致共同得利(正和)搏弈和共同损失(负和)搏弈，同样的情况还会发生在另外一些冲突中。 搏弈论研究的先驱者是普林斯顿数学家约翰?冯?诺依曼。在早先的一段时间里，研究的重点被放在了完全冲突(零和)搏弈(非合作搏弈)上，其他的搏弈当时被认为是以合作形式出现。也就是说，搏弈要求参与者共同地选择和实施他们的行为.最近的研究则把重点放在了那些既不属于零和搏弈也不属于绝对合作搏弈的情况上，在这些搏弈中，搏弈者自主地选择搏弈行为，但他们之间的相互关系中充满了合作与竞争。 搏弈行为与我们在中性环境中所作的各种决定有着根本性的不同。要说明这一点，我们可以思考一下伐木工人和军队将军所作决定之间的不同。当伐木工人决定要如何砍树时，他不会考虑树木本身会有什么反抗，他所处的环境为中性。而当将军决定要消灭敌军时，他必须提前预料到并消除敌军的反抗。与这一例子中的将军相类似，一个搏弈者必须认识到他与其他机智且怀有争胜之心的竞争者之间的相互作用，他自己所作的决定也必须能够同时应对可能出现的合作或冲突。 搏弈的实质是搏弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。这种策略性的相互依赖表现为两个不同的类别：连续策略之间的相互作用以及联立策略之间的相互作用。就前者而言，搏弈者依次采取行动，每个人都会注意其他搏弈者先前的行为。就后者而言，搏弈者同时采取行动，每个人都会忽略其他搏弈者当前的行为。 对连续策略博弈中的某一博弈这来说，一个普遍的原则就是放眼前方，及时反思和总结。每个博弈者应该弄清楚其他博弈者会对他当前的策略行为做出怎样的回应，他自己将如何应对等情况。博弈者要预料到他的最初决定会最终导致何种结果，并且运用对形势的判断来计划好当前的最佳策略。在考虑其他博弈者会如何应对时，博弈者必须能设身处地地换位思考，而不能把自己的主观判断强加与人。 从理论上说，采取固定次序行动的任何连续博弈都可以圆满地完成。我们可以通过预测每个可能的结果来决定各个博弈者的最佳策略。例如象井字棋(tic-tac-toe)这样的简单游戏由于可以以这样的方式完成，因而并不具有挑战性。但诸如象象棋等的其他博弈，即使是借助电脑的帮助，由于其本身的计算过程过于复杂而难以在实践中去实施。因此，博弈者往往会会依据经验提前对形势作出判断并尽可能的评估最终的局面。 与连续策略博弈的线形思维不同的是，采取共发性策略的博弈要求逻辑思维。在忽略其他参与者当前策略的情况下，尽管博弈者们同时采取行动，每一个参与者必须清楚的意识同时还会有其他的参与者在依次关注整个博弈过程。这时的思维模式可描述为：我想他认为我会这样考虑…。因此，博弈者必须从全体博弈者的立场出发并努力判断出最终的博弈结果。每个参与者的个人最佳行为都是全局谋划中不可或缺的一部分。 运用普林斯顿数学家约翰?纳什提出的均衡概念，可以推导出这种逻辑思维的结论。我们寻求一系列的策略组合，每个博弈者都会有自己的选择，当所有的对手们在实施他们决定的最佳策略时，我们所做的选择应该对自己是最有利的。换句话说，每个博弈者都会对其他人的策略作出最优化的应对。 有时, 无论其他博弈者如何行动，博弈的一方的最佳策略组合始终如一，这被称作这一博弈者的优策略。在其他情况下，如果博弈者的策略始终于己不利，则被称作劣策略，其含义是指无论其他博弈者如何行动，对手的策略总是优于自己。因此，谋求策略均衡应该从寻找优策略和消除劣策略开始。 当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候，并不是基于以下的假设：即博弈的每个参与者的个人最佳策略将会带来共同的最优化结果。确实也存在着一些糟糕的例子，比如囚徒困境(见下文)，由于囚徒们都追求个人私利的最大化而导致了全体参与者的困境。纳什的关于均衡的定义还不能完全解决联立策略博弈中逻辑推理思考的问题，有些博弈包含多种此类的均衡，而有些博弈却并不包含这样的均衡。纳什均衡也还没有清楚地说明关于导致均衡的动态过程。尽管有这样的一些缺陷，纳什均衡的定义已被证明在分析策略性互动时具有重要作用。 以下策略性互动的实例可以说明博弈论的一些基本理论框架: 囚徒困境。两个嫌疑犯分别被审问，每个人都可以招供或保持沉默。如果嫌犯A保持沉默，嫌犯B可以通过招供而获得较轻的发落。如果嫌犯A招供，嫌犯B最好选择招供以免被从重处理。这时招供就是嫌犯B的优策略。同样的情况也适用与B。因此，在均衡的
大学英语 课后翻译答案
Unit 1 1.3000多辆汽车因刹车问题昨日被召回（because of；recall） 1. More than 3000 cars were recalled yesterday because of a brake problem. 2.他尽管病得很重，但还是来参加会议了。（despite） 2. He came to the meeting despite his serious illness. 3.要确保同样得错误今后不再发生了。（see it that） 3. See to it that the same mistake won't happen again. 4.现在他们之间的了解多了一些，他们相处得就好些了。（now that） 4. Now that they've got to know more about each other，they get along better. 5.此时我发现自己被五六个男孩子围住了。（find oneself） 5. Then Ifound myself surrounded by five or six boys. 6.在这幸福的时刻，我向你致以最美好的祝愿。（on occasion） 6. I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion. Unit3 1)很多事情导致了我与那家公司断绝关系。(contribute to) A lot of things contributed to the end of my relationship with that company. 2.面对严峻的疾病，她表现出了巨大的勇气。（in the face of） She showed great courage in the face of serious illness. 3.我们得出结论，她讲的是真话。（come to） We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4他的秘书没有告诉他那次会议的情况。（fail to）
科技英语阅读练习1答案
《科技英语阅读》练习（1） ⅠTranslate the following terms into English (1)罗素悖论：Russell’s paradox (2)集合：set (3)混沌理论：Chaos theory (4)复合函数：Function of function (5)代数式：Algebraic ecpression (6)代数方程：algebraic equation (7)一千万：Ten million (8) 数学：mathemetics (9)动力系统：dynamical system (10)等于：Equal to ⅡTranslate the following terms into Chinese (1) formal expression：形式表达式 (2) set-builder notation：集的结构式 (3) a quarterly journal：季刊 (4) priority battle：优先权之争 (5) even number：偶数 (6) continuous function：连续函数 (7) subset：子集 (8) fractal properties：分形特征 (9) irrational number：无理数 (10) positive number：正数 Ⅲ Translate the following sentences into Chinese （1）The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of sets of numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers. 这个问题的矛盾在于我们对数字集合的集合的困惑，他解释道。 （2）Krantz introduced a new element into the debate, however, by stating that the Mandelbrot set “was not invented by Mandelbrot but occurs explicitly in th e
科技英语阅读考试答案
1.How common are other civilizations in the universe? This question has fascinated humanity for centuries, and although we still have no definitive answer, a number of recent developments have brought it once again to the fore. Chief among these is the confirmation, after a long time wait and several false starts, that planet exist outside our solar system. 外星文明在宇宙中是普遍存在的吗？这个问题已经困扰了人类几个世纪。虽然我们到现在也不能给出一个确定的回答，但是最近的一些科技进展再一次把这个问题推到了风口浪尖。其中最重要的，就是经过了漫长的等待和无数错误的尝试，我们终于确认了地外行星的存在。 2.By the time the debris settled and the collective misery was tallied, the devastation had in some respects exceeded even that of El Nino of 1982-1983, which killed 2,000 worldwide and caused about 13 billion dollars in damage. 一切尘埃落定之后，人们开始统计此次厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。这次毁灭性的灾难造成的损失在某些方面更甚于1982到1983年间的厄尔尼诺现象，那次在世界范围内有2000余人遇难，导致的经济损失高达130亿美元。 3.The sun had set 12 minutes earlier, and twilight was waning on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea. It was July 17, 1998, and another tranquil Friday evening was drawing to a close for the men, women and children of Sissano, Arop, Warapu and other small villages on the peaceful sand spit between Sissano Lagoon and the Bismarck Sea. 太阳在12分钟前就已经落山了，铺洒在巴布亚新几内亚北岸的暮色渐渐的减弱。那是1998年7月17日，对生活在Sissano、Arop、Warapu和其他位于俾斯麦海和Sissano泻湖之间安静的沙滩上的村庄的村民来说，只不过是又一个宁静周五傍晚即将来临。 4.To the extent that planets are necessary for origin and evolution of life, these excitingdiscoveries certainly argue well for the widely held view that life pervades the universe. 如果说行星是生命诞生和进化的必要条件，那么这些令人振奋的发现为生命在宇宙中是普遍存在的论调提供了有力的佐证。 5.There is no specific technology, no silver bullet to extend the oil supplies. But there are sure an awful lot of copper bullets lying around. 没有什么特别的科技，也没有什么灵丹妙药可以增加石油供给。但是，肯定有许多其他的办法等待着我们利用。 6.Many people have argued that once primitive life has evolved, natural selection will inevitably cause it to advance toward intelligence and technology. But is this necessarily so? That might be something wrong with this argument was famously articulated by nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi in 1950. If extraterrestrials are commonplace, he asked, where are they? Should their presence not be obvious? This question has become known as Fermi Paradox. 许多人认为一旦原始生命产生了，自然选择必定使他进化为智慧生命和科技文明。但是事实真的如此吗？这个问题已经被核物理学家恩里克·费米在1950年十分清晰的阐述了。他问道，如果地外文明是十分普遍的，那么，他们在哪儿呢？难道他们的存在没有办法观测吗？这就是著名的费米佯谬。 7.Even though the link between birds and dinosaurs is family established, the definition of birds has become a difficult problem. The fact is that it is hard to draw a line between birds and dinosaurs that is anything other than arbitrary. 尽管鸟类与恐龙的联系已经牢牢地建立起来了，但鸟类的定义仍然是一个难题。事实上，
科技英语翻译___课后答案
科技英语翻译 6.1 介词的一般译法 第1节翻译练习1 In general, man serves as the source of infection while animals act as such only occasionally. An industrial robot shares many attributes in common with a numerical control machine tool. 一般来说，人可作为感染源，而动物只是偶然如此。 工业用机器人与数控机床有许多共同的特性。 第1节翻译练习2 With non-changeover control both the boiler plant and the chiller plant operate to provide simultaneous heating and cooling throughout the year. The online service delivers substantially more value to our global audience of e-business professionals in the chemical, plastics and allied industries. This device can mimic photosynthesis to produce usable energy from sunlight. 采用非转换控制，锅炉设备和制冷装置都在运行，全年可同时供暖和制冷。 该网络服务主要向全球从事化学、塑料及相关工业的专业电子商务用户提供更有价值的服务。 这种装置能够模拟光合作用，利用阳光产生可用的能源。 第1节翻译练习3 The longitudinal axis of the turbine generator is perpendicular to the axis of the steam generator. In the right conditions, membranes are self-assembling. Winding of the spring induces residual stresses through bending. 汽轮发电机的纵轴与锅炉轴线垂直。 当条件适宜时，细胞膜会自行聚集。 卷绕弹簧时因为弯曲引起了残余应力。 第1节翻译练习4 If leakage occurs around output shaft, replace seal and packing. So they give off a stronger signal to sensitive radiation detectors mounted over the subject’s head.如输出轴周围漏油，应更换密封件及填料。 因而它向安装在受试者头部上方的灵敏的辐射探测器发出的信号比较强。 第1节翻译练习5 It is customary to use electromagnets rather than permanent magnets for the field. This flat screen technology eliminates curvature on the screen surface. All the charge on a conductor lies on its surface. 通常磁场用的都是电磁铁而不是永久磁铁。 这种纯平面技术可以消除屏幕表面的弯曲。 导体的全部电荷都在其表面。 6.2 介词短语的译法 第2节翻译练习1 For ease of assembly and removal of the wheels, the outer races are press-fitted in the wheel hubs. With the length much greater than its width, the coil is called solenoid. With only about half as many moving parts as a conventional engine, a Wankel is only half the size and weight, and almost completely vibrationless. 为了便于车轮安装和拆卸，把外套圈压入配合到轮毂里。 如果长度远远超过了宽度，这种线圈就称为螺线管。