八年级下册现在完成时讲解

现在完成时

学习时态学习方法指导

时态：时:时间，态：动词的样子与状态

学习时态可以把握好时态概念后从1.时间线索 2 动词形态变化出发。

复习导入——用适当的动词时态完成句子，并划出时间线索。

1 Tom always ________(watch) TV at home every day.

2 They ______(go) shopping two days ago.

3 Look! The girl _____(dance) in the dancing room.

4 I ______(reading) books at six o’clock yesterday.

5 He ________(go) to the movies in two days.

从今天开始我们要学习一种新的时态，期待吗？面对新的时态，你准备好了吗？要学好这种新的时态，你觉得要突破新时态需要从哪几个方面出发呢？

1 新时态的（）

2 新时态的（）

3 新时态的（）

现在完成时态导入

仔细观察下列2组句子

1.（1）I finished doing my homework yesterday.(时态：一般过去时，我昨天写完了家庭作业）

（2）Hi，Mary, I have finished doing my homework . I can play now.(时态：_______,我已经完成了我的家庭作业）现在做完了，暗含现在做完了现在可以玩了）

2 （1） He lived here in 1991.(时态：一般过去时，他1991住在这里。）（现在不确定住这里）

（2）He has lived here since（自从...以来） 1991.(时态：_______,自1991年以来，他就已经住在这里。）（现在依然住在这里）

从以上的2组句子，我们可以发现一般过去时指的是动作发生在（），但是我们这个新的时态不仅指动作发生在（）而且这个动作一直延续到( )，还对（）产生了影响和结果，强调了（）的情况。所以这个时态不仅仅是动作发生在过去的时间点上，而且这个动作还会一直延续发生到（），动作有个延续性，那么这个时态我们叫做（）,这种时态翻译会加个“已经”

如：

过去现在

恭喜大家已经突破现在完成时的概念，接下来我们来看看现在完成时结构吧！

现在完成时构成

主语+have/has +动词的过去分词。（have/has无实意，助动词，三单用has）

Eg: 我已经洗过碗了。(洗碗：do the dishes) I have (do的过去分词什么？) the dishes.

动词过去分词变化

动词过去分词的规则变化和动词过去式的规则变化一样，一般加ed, 以y 结尾，改y为i 再加ed,重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音加ed,如 stopped.

动词过去分词不规则变化：do 是不规则过去分词，是什么呢？（）请在课本P136-137找，这里有动词不规则的过去式（past tense）和过去分词(Past participle)变化，技巧是：死去活来，牢牢记住后灵活运用。希望大家能把136,137的动词的不规则过去式和过去分词牢牢记住，随身携带记忆，枕着睡最好。

现在完成时句式变化

I have gone fishing with Tom. 特殊疑问句式： 1 What have you done with Tom? 2 Who

have you gone fishing with?

现在完成时用法

（如何做题，找到时间线索词）思考：根据完成时特点，哪些词可以与现在完成时连用。（1）already:早已（放在肯定句中或句尾。）

I have already cleaned the room.= I have cleaned the room already . (2) yet: 1.已经（用于疑问句句尾） Have you cleaned the room yet? 2.还（用于否定句句尾） I haven’t cleaned the room yet . (3) ever:曾经（常用于疑问句）Have you ever heard of(听说）the news? never:从不 I have never heard of the news. just:刚刚 I have cleaned the room just .

（4）so far/ by now:目前为止 in the last/past few years:过去这几年到现在

recently:最近表次数(once,twice three times)：

※I have finished writing this book recently . ※I have read this book twice . ※ I have read this book so far . ※She has learned about education in the past few years .

*(5) for+时间段(时间长度）：长达多久时间 I have read this book for two hours .

*(6) since+1.过去时间点 I have done my homework since 6 o’clock last night .

2.过去时间 I have done my homework since last night .

3过去时态的从句 I have done my homework since you came back .

注意：关于（5）（6），当时间是since 和for 引导时，注意完成是的动词必须是延续性动词，为

什么呢？（）对比下列三句找到答案。 I have already bought this book.(√) I have bought this book for two hours.(×)

I have had this book for two hours.(√）

短暂性变延续性动词问题：have borrowed/lent(借）——have kept(保管） have left(离开）——have been away

have died （死亡）——have been dead have arrived(到达）——have been in 将下列两句话用完成时合并成一句话,提示since+时间点 for+时间长度，两句话哪个动词是延续性 I

Beijing.

arrived

Beijing

two

days

ago.______________________________________.

改错: She has left for five hours.(×) 改为________________________ （为了更好理解现在完成时用延续性动词看到P76 4a 练习）

练一练(用 since \for ，用所给动词适当形式填空）提示：since+时间点 for+时间长度 1Mr.Li _______（have ）this TV________five years.

2 Tom ________(read) this book ________he was 7 years old.

3 They _______(played )basketball _____two hours ago. （为了更好理解现在完成时用延续性动词看到P76 4a ）

自...以

来

常错易考点

1 have/has gone to :去过某地（未回来，可能还在路上）

——Where is your mother?

——She has gone to the supermarket. She will be back soon(已经去了超市但是还没回）

2 have/ has been to:去过某地（已经回来）

I have ever been to China and I have been to Beijing twice.

3 have/has been in+地方：在哪里待了（多久）

My father has been in Beijing for 9 years.

总结：1现在完成时指的是______________________________________

2 哪些词可以与现在完成时连用？______________________________

3你认为学习完成应该注意的知识点？____________________________

小试牛刀：翻译下列2组句子

闯关现在完成时

一、请同学们在Unit 8,9,10单元中找到完成时的句子用红笔划下来并在书中翻译。

二、单项选择

1.Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _____what's happened

to him

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know

2、The volunteers _______a lot of help to the old since 2019.

Ａ. offered Ｂ. have offered Ｃ. offer

3、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years

Ａis writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃhas written

4、—Our country ______ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better

5 、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied

6、——How do you like Beijing?

——I have no idea. I ______there.

A have gone

B have been

C haven’t been

7、The police said:“The man ________________for a day.”

A has died

B has been dead

C died

8、Mr Li, Tom isn’t here. He ___________the office to ask questions .

A has gone to

B has been to

C has been

三、完成对话

1 __________________?—— No, _______.She has finished doing her homework.

2 ⑴___________________? ⑵________________? —— They have worked for five hours.

3、I have broken the cup.(改否定句）____________________________

四、翻译

1 我们已经告诉Tom扫教室了。

2、Tom 已经睡了8个小时了。

3、Mary自昨晚10点以来就在备考了。

五、试着完成8,9,10单元grammar 和self check 练习。

六、1.造句巩固现在完成时的过去分词变化。（课上翻译写句子处）

___________________________________________________________________________________

2.造句巩固现在完成时句型变化。

___________________________________________________________________________________

3.造句巩固现在完成时的线索词。

__________________________________________________________________________________

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⑴过去动作产生的影响等表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。在没有具体时间状语的情况下，现在完成时可以表示某一行为动作在说话之前已经完成，而其结果或影响至今仍然存在。因此，现在完车时这一时态强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系，也就是强调现在的影响和结果。例如： Someone has broken the window.（“打破”这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响延续至今，其结果是窗子仍然是破的，The window is now broken.） I have lost my pen.（结果是：我现在无钢笔可用，I have no pen to use.） He’s locked the door.(结果是：现在门锁上了，我们进不去，Now the door is locked and we can’t go in.) The party has started. (The party started and now it is going on.) I’ve forgotten her name= I forgot her name. 他今天还没吃任何东西.(现在一定很饿了) _________________________________________________________________ 我已经吃过午饭了（现在不饿了） ____________________________________________________ ⑵过去的动作延续到现在和未来表示一个开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常同for, since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long…（多久）句型中，表示持续的时间。例如： He has studied English for ten years.（可能继续学下去） She has lived here since then. He has been in Nanjing since 2003.

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