考研英语历年真题经典长难句深度解析

考研英语历年真题经典长难句深度解析
考研英语历年真题经典长难句深度解析

考研英语历年真题经典长难句深度解析(一)2014年考研英语真题翻译中的一句,其中出现了定语从句,状语从句和并列结构。语义逻辑关系比较复杂,翻译难度较大。

It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

1.重点词汇及短语:

describe…with…用……描述……

articulate 【生义】v. 清楚地表达,描述【熟义】adj. 明晰清楚的

reaction n. 反应

grasp v. 理解,领会(尤指复杂的事情或观点)

2.句子成分分析:本句为主从复合句,主干是It is also the reason...。why引导定语从句,解释说明the reason。定语从句中包含了一个时间状语从句when we try to describe music with words。关系副词why引导限定性定语从句,修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。例如:He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset. 从句引导词选用关系副词why还是关系代词that/which,取决于先行词reason在从句中充当的成分:先行词reason在从句中作副词性成分,应该用why。例如:Please tell me the reason why he was late.(先行词reason在从句中作原因状语);先行词reason在从句中作名词性成分,应该用that/which。例如:Please tell me the reason that/which made him late.(先行词reason 在从句中作主语)

3.参考译文:这也是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时,我们只能表达出自己对音乐的感受,而无法领悟音乐本身。

(二)2015年考研英语真题,一起来分析一下。

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: "The creation of the 'statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”

1.重点词汇及短语:

impel v. 促使,迫使【用法】impel sb to do sth迫使某人做……

statistics board 统计板

concern n. 忧虑,担心;重要的事情concern about/over/with 对……关心

application n. 申请书;应用;应用程序

2.句子成分分析:本句的主干是...McNutt said...。分词短语Asked whether...the change 作句子的状语。引号中的内容是said的宾语,其主干是The creation of the "statistics board" was motivated...and is part of...。句中的broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research解释说明concerns的内容。句中的to increase...we publish解释说明drive的内容,其中we publish是一个省略了that的定语从句,修饰research。作“是……还是……”解时,whether表示一种选择,其后可以跟介词短语或不定式短语。作“是否,会不会”解时,whether可用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导主语从句时,可用it作形式主语。引导宾语从句时whether可与if换用。

3.参考译文:当被问道是不是某些特殊的文件推动了这项变化时,麦克纳特回答说:“统计审稿编委会的设立源于对统计学和数据分析在科学研究中运用情况的普遍担忧,也是《科学》杂志为提升我们所发表的研究的可复制性而做出的全面努力的一部分。”(三)2015年考研英语真题,其中出现了宾语从句,状语从句和并列结构。语义逻辑关系比较复杂,翻译难度较大。

They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.

1.重点词汇及短语:

invalidate v. 使无效;证明(信念或解释)是无效的

severe v. 非常严重的;困难的

take reasonable measures to 采取合理的措施去……

warrant n. 令状,许可

pending n. 在等待……之际

2.句子成分分析:本句是一个由and连接的并列句。and前面的主干结构为They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections...。when facing severe, urgent circumstances是时间状语从句,由于face的逻辑主语与主句主语一致,因此省略主语和系动词,face用现在分词形式。and之后的句子主干结构为they could take reasonable measures...。to ensure that...pending是目的状语,that引导的从句作ensure的宾语。状语从句中的省略原则是:如果从句主语与主句主语一致,或从句的主语是it,可省略从句的连接词、主语和be动

词,只保留分词和其它成分,从而使语言更加简洁明了。比如时间状语中的省略、地点状语中的省略、让步状语从句中的省略等。例如:The river is clean where (it is) deep.

3.参考译文:在严重、紧急的情况下,他们还可以忽视第四修正案的保护。此外,在等待许可令签发期间,他们还可以采取合理措施保证手机里的数据不被删除或篡改。(四)2015年考研英语真题阅读,语义逻辑关系比较复杂,翻译难度较大。

California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.

1.重点词汇及短语:

justice n. 司法制度;公正;公正性;justification n. 正当的理由

refrain from 克制;抑制

sweeping adj. 影响广泛的

assumption n. 假定,假设;承担,就任

possession n. 拥有;所有物,财物;in possession of 拥有……

suspect v. 猜测,怀疑;认为(某人)有犯罪嫌疑

【用法】suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做……

2.句子成分分析:本句的主干结构为California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling...。第一个that引导的定语从句修饰one。在该定语从句中,还有一个that 引导的同位语从句,解释说明the old assumption。在该同位语从句中,主干结构为authorities may search through the possessions of suspects...。被修饰的词不同:同位语从句一般修饰表示概括意义的抽象名词,如fact,news,truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt等。定语从句所修饰的名词则没有这样的限定。从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、说明。引导词不同:what,how,whether等不能用来引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。

3.参考译文:加利福尼亚州呼吁法官不要做出太笼统的裁定,尤其不要扰乱以前的假设,即在逮捕嫌犯时当局可以搜查其财产。

(五)2015年考研英语真题,其中出现了让步状语从句,宾语从句和并列结构。语义逻辑关系比较复杂,翻译难度较大。

Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was

taken to see that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

1.重点词汇及短语:

draw from 从……中得到,从……提取

European n. 欧洲人adj. 欧洲的;欧洲人的;European Union 欧洲联盟,欧盟

Europe n. 欧洲;欧盟;欧洲大陆

extraction n. 取出;提炼;mineral/oil etc extraction 矿物;石油等的开采

extract v. 提取,提炼;(从书中)选取,摘录;获取,得到好处

extract sth from sth 从……获取……

extractor n. 抽取;抽取器

be taken from 来自;从……摘取

2.句子成分分析:该句的主干结构是...care was taken...。Though引导的是让步状语从句,to see...population是不定式结构作目的状语,that引导的从句作see的宾语。不定式用作目的状语时常位于句首在或句末。一般说来,用于句首属于强调性用法,即强调动词的目的。从语法上看,不定式表示目的通常是指发生在谓语动作之后的动作,也就是说,若以谓语动作发生的时间为标准,用作目的状语的不定式是一个尚未发生的将来动作。

3.参考译文:尽管所有的实验对象都是从祖籍欧洲的人口中选择,但是研究人员也花费了精力来确保所有的实验对象,无论是朋友还是陌生人,都是来自同一群体。

(六)2016年考研英语真题翻译中的一句,一起来看一下如何翻译。

As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.

1.重点词汇及短语:

come to do sth 来做某事;开始做某事

mental health 心理健康

available adj. 可用的,可获得的;有空的;没有伴侣的

availability n. 有效性;实用性

allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

slow down 减速,放慢速度【反义词组】speed up 加速

2.句子成分分析:该句是一个复合句,主干为knowing that...and knowing to trust it allow us...。as指代整个句子的内容。that mental health is always available为宾语从句作knowing的宾语。knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it其实

是两个并列的主语,而后面的allow us...为谓宾部分。as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个句子的内容,意为“正如……,就像……”,从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。例如:As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history. 注意:as和which 引导的非限制性定语从句有一定的区别:as和which都可以指代主句中的一部分内容或整句内容,有时可以互换。但是as引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以放在主句前面、中间或者后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开。which引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主句后面。

3.参考译文:你会慢慢发现,明白心理健康一直在身边并且坚信它,这可以让我们放慢节奏、享受当下、快乐地生活。

(七)2016年考研英语真题翻译,其中出现了让步状语从句,宾语从句和原因状语从句。本身是考查翻译的句子,所以语义逻辑关系比较复杂,翻译难度较大。

Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.

1.重点词汇及短语:

mental adj. 精神健康的;精神状态的;思想的

mentally adv. 精神上mentally ill精神

cure-all 包治百病的良药

perfectly adv. 完全地,十足地;完美地

perfect adj. 完美的;最佳的,理想的

Direct adj. 直接的≠indirect ;v. 给(某人)指路;指引

direct ... through... 指引……通过……

2.句子成分分析:本句主干为:it is perfectly ordinary...。although引导的是让步状语从句。as引导的是原因状语从句,在这个原因状语从句中,包含一个that引导的宾语从句。引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要的有although,though,even though,even if等。此外,用when 和while也可以引导让步状语从句,意思是“尽管”或“虽然”[举例说明]。例:While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones. 该句还有一个很难处理的点,through all your difficult decisions. Through表示通过,但是翻译的时候不能硬性插入汉语,根据语境应当隐去其词义,处理成“在你难以做决定时”。

3.参考译文:尽管心理健康是我们生活中的万能药,但它其实非常普通,你会发现在你难以做决定时,它一直在指引着你。

(八)2016年考研英语真题阅读,句子词汇和结构相对比较简单,但是翻译时如何简洁顺畅成句还是需要注意的。

According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.

1.重点词汇及短语:

assess v. 评价,评定= judge

be assessed as sth 被评价/判定为;be assessed at sth 估价……

competence n. 能力,胜任;技能

trustworthiness(trust + worthy)n. 可信度

trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的,可靠的= dependable

likeability (like + ability)n. 喜欢程度

a tenth of a second 十分之一秒

solely adv. 仅仅,唯一地,独一无二地= only ;sole a. 唯一的,仅有的

2.句子成分分析:本句为简单句,但结构比较复杂,包含3个状语。According to research from Princeton University作整个句子的状语,in just a tenth of a second作时间状语,solely based on the way you look作方式状语。状语用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。例1:Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.例2:Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

3.参考译文:根据普林斯顿大学的研究,人们会在仅仅十分之一秒的时间内,仅根据你的外表去评判你的能力、可信度以及你受人喜欢的程度。

(九)2016年考研英语真题The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.

1.重点词汇及短语:

loyal adj. 忠实的,忠诚的≠disloyal;be loyal to 对……忠诚

loyalty n. 忠诚,忠实,忠贞

favor v. 更喜欢;偏向n. 恩惠;支持,赞同;in favo(u)r of sth 支持,赞许……

sustain v. 保持,维持= maintain;遭受,经受believe in 信任,信赖

2.句子成分分析:本句主干the idea goes...,正常语序应为The idea goes (that) the most loyal customers would... and they'd feel like they were... believe in。The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor和they'd feel like they were helping...believe in为and连接的两个并列的同位语从句,解释the idea。在第一个同位语从句中,they favor是一个定语从句,修饰the product。在第二个同位语从句中,like等同于as if,其后紧跟的内容为表语从句。在这个表语从句中,包含一个定语从句they believe in,修饰something。表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。可接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。可引导表语从句的词有:从属连词whether,as,as if / though,连接代词who,whom,whose以及because,why等。

3.参考译文:这种想法是,最忠诚的顾客仍然愿意买他们喜欢的产品,他们还会觉得自己在帮助维持他们信任的产品的质量。

(十)2016年考研英语真题,一起来看一下如何翻译。

“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,”says one researcher.

1.重点词汇及短语:

estimate v. 估计,估算;n. 估计,估算;报价

eliminate v. 消除,根除;淘汰;消灭

substantial adj. 大量的,多的

concern n. 担心的事;忧虑

corporate giving 企业捐赠

results in 导致,造成

bribe v. 贿赂,收买;诱哄;

2.句子成分分析

本句是一个复合句,引号中句子的主干:We estimate...。第一个that引导的宾语从句作estimate的宾语。在这个宾语从句中,either eliminating ... or ...结构为主语,such as child labour具体举例说明labour-rights concern,results in作谓语,fines为宾语,that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials作定语从句修饰fines。英语的复合句一般分为三大类型:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。在整个复合句中起名词作用,充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等的各种从句,统称为名词性从句。具有

形容词功能,在复合句中做定语的从句被称之为形容词性从句或定语从句。副词性从句也称为状语从句,主要用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语。

3.参考译文:

一位研究人员说:“据我们估计,或者消除重大的劳动权利方面的问题,如雇用童工,或者增加企业捐赠额20%左右,都会使有贿赂国外官员情况的企业所受到的罚金比一般的要低40%。”

(十一)2016年考研英语真题

Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

1.重点词汇及短语:

analysis n.(对事物/形势/问题的)分析

rule out 排除,拒绝考虑

influence n. 影响(力),作用v.统治;控制;

account n. 叙述,报道;账户

take account (n.)of sth = take sth into accout 考虑到某事

leniency =lenience n. 仁慈,宽大

contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生);捐献,捐助

political campaigns政治活动

fine n. 罚金,罚款v. 对……处以罚款

2.句子成分分析:

本句主干:Their analysis ruled out the possibility...。that引导一个同位语从句,同位语从句中的it was... rather than... that...为强调句结构,其中firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand为强调部分。在这个强调结构中,accounted for为真正的谓语,the leniency为真正的宾语。冒号后面的内容是对前面内容的进一步补充说明。英语中表示强调时有一个很重要的句型,那就是“it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他”结构。强调句中的连接词一般为that(可指物,也可指人)或who(指人)。若被强调的是状语,则只能用that ,而不能用when 或者where,且连接词都不能省略。

3.参考译文:

他们的分析排除了让公司受到宽大处理的原因是其政治影响力而非其企业社会责任

立场的这种可能性:对政治活动投入更多的公司并没有处以更少的罚金。

(十二)2016年考研英语真题阅读中的一句,题材是关于政治,比较难,一起来看一下如何翻译。

The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan”building where local people might object.

1.重点词汇及短语:

conservative adj.(英国)保守党的保守的;保守的

n. 英国保守党的支持者;因循守旧者,保守者

explicitly adv. 清楚明确地;直接了当地

priority n. 享有优先权先;优先处理的事,当务之急

conservation n. 环境保护;保存;节约

authoris(z)e v. 授权,批准,许可

authoris(z)e sb to do sth 授权/批准某人做某事

authoris(z)ation = authority n. 授权(书),许可(证)

“off-plan”building “计划外”建设

object v. 反对,不赞成n. 实物;目标

object to (doing) sth 授权/批准某人做某事

2.句子成分分析:

本句主干:The Conservatives' planning reform... gives rural development priority over conservation...句中的gives...priority over...意为“给……优先权”现在分词短语authorising... might object为伴随状语,"off-plan" building为authorising的宾语。where引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词"off-plan" building。伴随状语的特点:它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。现在分词短语作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作就是句子主语发出的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。

3.参考译文:

保守党的改革计划明确将优先开发农村,然后再考虑环境保护问题,甚至批准了在当地人可能反对的地方进行“计划外”建设。

(十三)2016年考研英语真题阅读中的一句,题材是关于政治,出现了让步状语从句,并列结构和宾语补足语。句子成分的划分比较难,一起来看一下如何翻译。

While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family, Shakespeare

and the National Health Serivce (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

1.重点词汇及短语:

poll n. 民意测验;民意调查;选举投票;计票

alongside prep. 在……旁边;沿着……的边;与……一起

royal adj. 国王的;女王的;皇家的;王室的

Rate sth as sth 认为...,as部分是宾语的补充成分

Proudest最骄傲的

Limit 限制

2.句子成分分析:本句是由while构成的前后两个具有转折意思的并列句,while从句内容较长,到最后一个逗号处才结束。其中Shakespeare and the National Health Serivce (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country为省略了that的宾语从句,句中有着rate A as B的结构,其中rate为“排名”的意思。两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等.

3.参考译文:尽管民意调查显示,英国人将乡村列为仅次于王室、莎士比亚和国家医疗体系之后最令他们骄傲的事,但是乡村在政治方面的支持还是有限的。

(十四)2016年考研英语真题阅读中的一句,题材是关于政治,出现了定语从句,并列结构和插入语。句子成分的划分比较困难,一起来看一下如何翻译。

The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: " We are aware of impact and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people".

1.重点词汇及短语:

State 陈述,声明

newly adv. 新近,最新

revise v. 修订;复习

charter n.章程,宪章

impact n. 撞击力,冲击;巨大影响

Danish Fashion Ethical Charter丹麦时装伦理章程

2.句子成分分析:本句的主干部分为The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states。后面为阐述的观点,也是一个独立的句子,在该部分里We are aware of impact 为主干,后面为省略了that的定语从句,对先行词impact进行解释说明,并且该部分中especially on young people作为插入语,补充说明前面的body ideals,意思是“对时尚产业尤其对年轻人在理想体型方面有着重要的影响”。插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。

3.参考译文:新修订的《丹麦道德时尚宪章》明确指出:“时尚产业对人们——尤其是年轻人,在对理想体型追求方面有着重要的影响,我们意识到自己的这种影响并将担负起相应的责任。”

(十五)2017年考研英语真题中的一句,题材是关于政治,出现了定语从句,并与从句和结果状语从句。句子成分的划分比较困难,一起来看一下如何翻译。

His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

1.重点词汇及短语:

self-contentedness 自满情绪

position n. 地位

additional adj. 额外的

capability n. 能力,才能

2.句子成分分析:该句是一个复合句,句子主干是:His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness。之后的among结构是介词短语结构做后置定语,结构冗长among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.其间又出现了其他从句。who引导的是定语从句,修饰those。第一个that 引导的定语从句,第二个that引导的是结果状语从句so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities。结果状语从句常由so…that或such…that引导,掌握这两个句型。结果状语从句其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。

3.参考译文:对于那些可能认为英语的全球地位如此稳定以至于英国年轻人不需要获得额外的语言能力的人,大卫的分析应该会结束这些人的自满情绪。

(十六)2017年考研英语真题中的一句,题材是关于法律类,讲到了一起官员受贿案,出现了状语成分,定语从句,并与从句和后置定语结构。句子成分的划分比较困难,一起来看一下如何翻译。

But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.

1.重点词汇及短语:

ethics n.道德标准

conduct n.行为,举动

automobile n. 汽车

access n. 机会;权力

Rolex watch劳力士手表

Ferrari automobile法拉利汽车

2.句子成分分析:本句是一个复合句。句子的主干是:it did so 。it 是句子的主语,did是谓语动词,so是宾语。while引导伴随状语while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,主干为(it was)holding its nose...his conduct。which 引导宾语从句,其先行词为conduct,举例说明违背了道德标准的具体行为which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government。seeking access to government为a company的后置定语。while引导状语从句时,如果主句和从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有be,则从句中有时可省略主语和be, while后可以直接跟现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。

3.参考译文:最高法院这样做了,但它同时对他的行为的道德标准表示嗤之以鼻,他的行为包括从一家寻求接近政府的公司那里接受项劳力士手表和法拉利汽车等礼物。

(十七)2016年考研英语真题阅读中的一句,题材是关于社会生活类,讲到了模特界以瘦为美的现状,出现了宾语从句和并列结构。句子成分的划分比较困难,一起来看一下如何翻译。

And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

1.重点词汇及短语:

faintly adv. 微弱地

hint v. 暗示

intangible quality 内在品质

wasp-waist physiques 蜂腰体形

2.句子成分分析:本句是一个复合句。they是句子的主语, hint是谓语动词,that引导宾语从句that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.。该宾语从句的主干为people should look to...。like character and intellect举例说明intangible qualities。rather than引导的dieting their...physiques与intangible qualities为并列关系。size zero or wasp-waist physiques也是选择关系的并列副词在句中主要作状语,修饰动词;另外还可以修饰形容词、名词、介词短语、其他副词短语以及句子。副词可以分为时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接和关系副词七类。副词大多以-ly结尾构成。请注意以下几点:1) 形容词和副词的原级比较级为:as...as...,在否定结构中用not as/so...as...结构。2) 形容词和副词的比较级通常与than连用。

3.参考译文:而且,这些禁令或许略微暗示了人们应关注性格和智力等内在品质,而不是一味追求通过节食获得极瘦的身材或蜂腰体形。

(十八)2016年考研英语真题完型中的一句,题材是关于社会生活类,讲到了柬埔寨人的结婚风俗,句子是一个简单句,但是其中出现了动名词结构并列,成分划分还是很清楚的,一起来看一下如何翻译。

Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union.

1.重点词汇及短语:

ceremony n.仪式

Ritual仪式的,礼节性的

threads soaked in holy water ;Thread线;holy water 圣水;soak 浸泡了圣水的线wrist n.手腕

bless the union庆祝结合

2.句子成分分析:该句的主干结构是Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,

tying cotton threads...and passing a candle...。过去分词短语soaked in holy water作后置定语修饰cotton threads,介词短语around the bride’s and groom’s wrists和around a circle of happily married and respected couples作状语,不定式短语to bless the union作目的状语。不定式作状语时常用于表示目的、条件、结果。作目的状语时可用in order to, so as to代替(注意:so as to不能置于句首);作结果状语时常用于only to, so...as to, such...as to, enough...to, too...to等结构中(注意:too...to结构中如出现anxious/eager/pleased/ready等词,则不再表示否定结果,而表示程度,意为very。

3.参考译文:婚礼仪式包含剪发仪式、把圣水浸泡过的棉线系在新郎和新娘的手腕上、把蜡烛在婚姻美满且受人尊敬的夫妻中传一圈以示对新婚夫妻的祝福等部分。

(十九)2017年考研英语真题,其中出现了让步状语从句,主语从句和标语从句,成分划分比较困难,一起来看一下如何翻译。

So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.

1.重点词汇及短语:

Kennedy 肯尼迪

refer to 所指

the economic activity of nations 国家经济活动

2.句子成分分析:本句是一个复合句。So是状语,起承接上文的作用。what Kennedy was referring to是主语从句作主语,was是系动词,that引导的while...enough是表语从句。在该表语从句中,while GDP...the economic activity of nations是一个让步状语从句,as a measure是方式状语,it is no longer enough是主句,it指GDP。在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。名词性从句一般由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等引导。that 在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

3.参考译文:那么,肯尼迪所指的就是,尽管GDP是衡量国家经济活动最普遍的方法,但是作为一项衡量指标,它已经显出不足了。

(二十)2017年考研英语真题中的一句,题材是关于政治类,讲到了英国拖欧问题引发

的对其时政成果的反思,政府有没有给民众带来真正的福利呢?句子中出现了一个比较长的介词短语做定语成分,内部又有并与从句,成分划分还是很清楚的,一起来看一下如何翻译。

Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.

1.重点词汇及短语:

Measure v. 估量,衡量

Performer n. 表演者,演奏者

Economic growth 经济增长

2.句子成分分析:本句是一个复合句。Across the 163 countries measured是状语,其中measured作后置定语修饰countries。The UK是主语,is是系动词,one of the poorest performers是表语,in ensuring that economic growth...for its citizens是后置定语修饰performers,其中that引导的宾语从句作ensuring的宾语。根据在句子中所起的作用的不同,英语中的从句(Clause)可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)三大类。名词性从句在句子里相当于一个名词,因此可以充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语;定语从句相当于一个形容词,因此可以作定语;状语从句在使用上则相当于一个副词,因此在句子里作状语。

3.参考译文:在研究的163个国家中,英国在保证把经济增长转化为真正改善国民生活方面是表现最差的国家之一。

考研英语长难句解析

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本句为多重复合句,句子主干为The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order,stating that...and that...现在分词短语作宾语order的后置定语,说明order的内容。其中stating后面由and并列两个that引导的宾语从句,从句1中由并列连词rather than并列两个名词短语all 12 of th e court’s judges和a typical panel of three,作by的宾语。从句2中主语one issue后面是省略引导词that的定语从句,表语是whether引导的表语从句。

考研英语二长难句讲解

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考研英语长难句分析之_特殊句式

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和托福、雅思等国外流行的考试一样,现在的考研英语也表现出一种成分越来越长的趋势,而考生在练习阅读的过程中要尽可能适应这样一种出题方式,比如充当主语的可以有:名词,非谓语动词,从句等。下面举两个例子进行说明: 例:Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. 分析:这句话的复杂之处在于句子的主语是一个动名词短语结构,主语从Creating…到Old Continent, 而且在主语中还有两个定语从句,一个是由that 引导的,另一个是由which来引导。此句话的特点是主语和谓语结构极其不协调,主语超长,但是谓语越短。因此,理解这句话的关键是要首先能够从句中提取出主语,并且正确理解两个定语从句,然后才能顺利完成整个句子的阅读。 译文:不同文化和不同的传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起,要创造出一种尊重这些文化和传统的欧洲品牌(欧洲所独有的东西)绝非易事,需要人们做出战略性选择。 类似的结构如With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. 意为“尽管网上有成千上万个与职业相关的网站,但是想找到有前景的职位空缺却是耗时而又没有效率的”。 除了超长的动名词短语外,考研中还时有出现主语从句来充当主语。主语从句充当主语的情况在考研中有两种:一种是把从句放在句首,还有一种是把从句放在句尾,句首用it做形式主语。 比如, However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is as yet, an unanswered question. 分析:这句话主语是由两个whether引导的主语从句构成的,并且在第二个主语从句中还有一个由that引导的定语从句。 译文:然而,这种公平感是卷尾猴和人类分别进化的结果,还是源自3500万年前这一物种共同的祖先,还是一个没有结论的问题。 再如, Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 分析:这句话中就是非常典型的it做形式主语,真正的主语是由that引导的两个主语从句。 译文:再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力

考研英语长难句100句(精华!)

1. Looking beyond the 10-year period,the botanists estimate that some 3,000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25,000 species of plants in the United States. 在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计,在未来可预见到的时间内,3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。 2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration,because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations. 野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙,当然不能被看做是一种探险行为,因为,这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地,以躲避气候的季节性变化。 3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits:it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics;can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have;can improve the nutritional value of products;and can produce cheaper and more environmentally friendly fertilizers. 转基因食物的倡导者指出,用生物技术生产食物有很多益处:它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度,并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。 4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing:it ‘s an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables,but dinner tables. 使这场辩论不同一般的是:我们吃的每顿饭都成为争论的中心。而且,这个事实意味着一件事:这不仅是政策制定会上应该讨论的问题,而且是饭桌上要讨论的问题。 5.“Contact us before writing your application”or“Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed. “写申请前同我们联系”,“利用我们多年的经验来准备你的学历或工作经历”,这种广告经常这样宣传。 6. There is no doubt,however,that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae. 但是,毫无疑问,正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加,使得简历更加重要。 7. Other goals of the interview are:to answer questions successfully,obtain any additional information needed to make a decision,accent your special strengths,establish a positive relationship,show confidence,and to sell yourself. 参加面试其他的目标包括:成功地回答问题,为做决定获得更多信息,强调自己的特殊优势,建立良好的关系,表达自己的信心,推销自己。 8. Based on these goals,place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories:company data,personal data,and specific job data. 在明确这些目标的基础上,将自己设想为面试你的人,在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案:公司数据信息,个人信息,有关某份工作的特定信息。 9. Since the interview will center on you,proper self-management process is divided into four stages:the before stage,the greeting stage,the consultation stage,and the departure stage.

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