一般过去时与一般现在时的区分

一、一般过去时与一般现在时定义及结构的区分

1)概念

一般过去时:过去发生的动作或是状态

a. 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;

b. 过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;

c. 过去主语所具备的能力和性格。

一般现在时:现在通常性、规律性、习惯性的动作或是状态

a. 表示经常发生的动作,是一般情况不是具体的某一件事;

b. 长期存在的一种状态;

c. 永恒的事实或真理,谚语等。

2) 基本构成

A.谓语动词是实义动词时的结构:

一般过去时:

肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他

否定句:主语+did+not+动词+其他

疑问句:Did+主语+动词+其他

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词+其他

否定疑问句:Did+主语+not+动词+其他

一般现在时:

肯定句:主语+动词或(动词+s)+其他

否定句:主语+do/does+not+动词+其他

疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词+其他

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词+其他

否定疑问句:Do/Does+主语+not+动词+其他

注:变化最大的在于:do/does→did (过去式的动词变化) B. 谓语动词是助动词时:

a. Be 动词

一般过去时:

肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语

否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语

疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语

否定疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+not+表语

一般现在时:

肯定句:主语+be动词+表语

否定句:主语+be动词+not+表语

疑问句:Be动词+主语+表语

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+表语

否定疑问句:Be动词+主语+not+表语

注意:am(I)、is(he/she/it)→was

Are(we/you/they)→were

第三人称时,动词要进行变化。

注意:不管是过去时还是现在时,疑问句都需要助动词did或do.

c.情态动词过去式:

一般过去时:将情态动词变成过去式,后面加原形,其他句型转变的规则与be 动词基本一致。

shall― will― can—may― must―

have to―

例:I can swim.

肯定句:

否定句:

疑问句:

3) 怎样从时间状语上判断一般现在时和一般过去时

一般过去时:

yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening) ;the day before yesterday ;

last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century 世

纪);ago ;

this morning/afternoon/evening

just now ;the other day -- a few days ago;

at the age of 10 (过去年龄段);in the old days

一般现在时:

always,usually,,every

morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes, twice a week, , seldom, once a month, ever, never

4) 一般过去时与一般现在时动词的变化规则:

一般过去时:

A. 规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:

①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。

③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。

如:stop-stopped。

④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。

如:study-studied。

B. 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went,

come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。

注: 课本后面都有不规则动词的变化,需熟记。

一般现在时:

a.一般情况下,加-s;

b. 以s, sh, ch, x,o等结尾的词, 加–es;

c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, 变y 为i再加es.

课堂练习

一)、写出下列动词的三单形式和过去式

三单过去式三单过去式三单过去式三单过去buy _______ _______ fly

_____ _______ plant ______ _______ study ______ drink _____ ______

play_____ _______ go ______ _______ make ______ do _______ ______ dance ______ ______ worry ______ _______ ask _______ taste _____ ______ eat

___ ___ ___ __ read ______ _ _ put ________ let ______ ______ run

_______ _______ keep _____ _______ have ______ find _____ ______ get ___

___ ___ _ eat ______ ___ ___ ring _______ write_____ _______ sleep

_______ _______ give _____ _______ stop ______

二). 用正确的动词形式填空

1. The children ___________ (run) everyday.

2. -I ________ up at half past six this morning. (get )

-My father always __________(come) back from work very late.

3. My mother ____________ a lot of fruit yesterday afternoon . (buy)

4. They ________ _________ a meeting yesterday. ( not have)

5. - ______ you _________ ( have) any color pens? -Sorry, I don’t have any.

6. She likes eggs, but she __________________ (not like) bread.

7. My mother (tell) me a story every night.

8. –How much meat ________ you ___________ (want) ? - A kilo,

please.

9. Someone __________ (be) in the next room.

10. There __________ (be) a pen and two erasers in the pencil- box.

11. You must _________ (get) here at two this afternoon.

12. The twins _________ thirteen two years ago. (be)

13. We must __________ (help ) the teacher carry it.

14. Who __________ (teach) you English in your school?

15. The teacher is busy. He only __________ (sleep) five hours a day.

16. Near our school there _________ (be) a shop, it _________ (sell)

a lot of

books.

17. What _______ he _________ (like)?

18. He __________ (teach) English in a middle school.

19. You always (do) your homework well.

20. He can ___________ (sing) this song.

21. Let’s ___________ ( help ) my mother ___________ (cook).

22. I think Li Lei must ______________ (be) at school.

23. There __________ (be) some bread and meat on the table.

24. Lily __________ (be) a Young Pioneer.

三). 句型转换

1.They came to China in 1990.(变一般疑问句)

__________ they ________ to China in 1990?

2She washed the clothes last Sunday. ( 变否定句)

She _________ ________ the clothes last Sunday.

3.My mother likes her students. (变一般疑问句)

_______________________________________

4.. Do you watch TV on Sunday? (用last Sunday 改写成过去时态的句子) ______________________________________________

5.Wei Hua bought a new pen yesterday. (变否定句)

She ________ ________ a new pen yesterday.

6. We had a meeting the day before yesterday. (变一般疑问句)

_______ you _______ a meeting the day before yesterday?

7. They had a good time last Sunday.

________ ________ the twins _______ a good time?

8. There were some cars in front of the house just now.

否定句:There _______ ________ cars in front of the house just now.

一般疑问句:______ there _____ cars in front of the house just now? 9. He went to the zoo with his father yesterday.

否定句:He ________ _______ to the zoo with his father yesterday.

一般疑问句:______ he ______ to the zoo with his father yesterday?

特殊疑问句:he yesterday?

10. Mary usually plays games with her grandparents.

否定句:Mary usually _______ ________ games with her grandparents.

一般疑问句:______ Mary usually ________ games with her grandparents? 特殊疑问句:Mary usually ?

11. Mary does her homework well.

否定句:Mary her homework well.

一般疑问句:Mary her homework well?

一、作业布置

一.填空

1 They____ (be) on the farm a moment ago.

2 There____ (be) a shop not long ago.

3 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.

4 Danny _____(read )English five minutes ago.

5 I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.

6 He ____(do)his homework every day. But he __(not do)it yesterday.

7 When I was young, I _____(play)games with my friends.

8 When ____you_____(write)this book? I _____it last year.

9 Did he____(have) lunch at home?

11.There __________ (be) some bread and meat on the table.

13.Liu Ying _______________ (study) in Beijing these days.

14.They _____________________ (clean) the floor now.

15.Han Meimei often ____________ (play) games after school.

16.The day before yesterday they _____ ___ (watch) a volleyball match.

二)改错

1. Does he enjoys listening to music?

2. Mary’s mother was ill yesterday. She has to stay at home to

look after her.

3. My teacher was angry because I am late.

4. The boy has a party at home now.

5. I were went to the library with my friends two hours ago.

6. He spends much time reading book last weekend.

7. Linda can helps his mother clean the room.

8. I buyed a large bag of milk in the supermarket.

9. Someone are looking at you.

10. I am go fishing now.