2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题13-定语从句(含答案)
专题十三定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在书面表达中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。
常见考点：
1. 指物时只用that或which的情况
2. 介词+关系代词
3. whose的用法及转换形式
4. as与which的区别
5. 指人时that与who的区别
6. 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词
7. 定语从句的主谓一致问题
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰前面的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语（也就是形容词）的作用。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词
（who, whom, that, which, whose）或关系副词(where, when, why)。如：
The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
先行词关系代词
二、关系代词和关系副词的用法
关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句，代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法见下表：
词例先行词充当成分例句
关系代词who 人主语This is the doctor who saved my life. 这就是那个救了我
生命的医生。
whom 人宾语She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you. 她就
是那个我想告诉你的新学生。
that 人、物主语、宾
语
Football is a game that is liked by many people. 足球是
一项许多人都喜爱的项目。
The man (that) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚碰
到的那个人是我的朋友。
which 物主语、宾
语Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请把桌上的那本书递给我。
The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的那本小说很有趣。
as 物主语、宾
语The earth, as is known to all, is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。
whose=of whom /of which 人、物定语The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr.
Williams. 他是威廉姆斯教授，他的女儿教你英语。
关系副词when=at/in/on
/during which
时间状语We will never forget the day when the People’s Republic
of China was founded. 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和
国成立的日子。
where=at/in/to
which
地点状语This is the house where he lived. 这是他住过的房子。
why=for which 原因状语I know the reason why she works so well. 我知道她为何
工作出色的原因。
三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如
果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或
不明确从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚或完整
标点符号从句与主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开
关系代词指人用who/whom/that 指人用who(作主语)/whom(作宾语) 指物用which/that 指物用which
指人和物用whose 指人和物用whose
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省
略
关系代词一般不可省略
修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个词，也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句通常译成被修饰语的前置定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子
定语(先翻译从句再翻译先行词)
四、关系代词的选用
1. 只能用that作关系代词的情况
说明例句
1 当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing,
much, little, none, one等不定代词时(something
除外) Pay attention to everything that I do. 注意我所做的一切。
2 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much
等修饰时He has little time that he can spare. 他几乎抽不出一点时间。
3 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best novel (that) I have read. 这是我读
过的最好的小说。
4 如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼
指人和物时They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school. 他们正在谈论他们记得的在中学里的人和事。
5 当先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same
等等修饰时This is the last time that I want to see you. 这是最后一次我想见到你。
6 当疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句
中，为了避免重复只用that Which of the students that knows something about history? 了解历史的学生是哪一位?
7 当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能
用that，也可以省略This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing. 这是去北京最快的火车。
8 当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中作表语
时，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略China is not the country (that) it was. 中国不是以前的中国了。
2. 指物只能用which不用that的情况
说明例句
1 在非限定性定语从句中St. Peterburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city.
圣彼得堡是一座非常美丽的城市，它曾被称作“列宁格勒”。
2 在介词后面This is the room in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年住的那个屋
子。
3. 指人时只能用who不用that的情况
说明例句
先行词为one, ones, those, anyone, he时Those who break the law must be punished. 那些违反法律的人必须受到惩罚。
4. as与which
as与which均可引导非限定性定语从句，有时可以互换，但也存在区别
说明例句
与such或the same连用时，一般用as Such money as he earned was spent on books. 他挣得那些钱被
花在了买书上。
as引导的从句可以放在句首，as表“正如……”之意As we all know, the earth is round. 正如我们所知道的，地球是圆的。
当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态She has been absent again, as is expected. 她又缺席了，这在预料之中。
当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which My parents treat me as a baby, which I can’t bear. 我父母常常把我当小孩看，这是我难以忍受的。
5. 定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。如：
Don’t choose me, who am not fit for the job. 别选我，我不适合这份工作。
考点练透
一、单句填空请用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. Because of my poor memory, all __________ you told me has been forgotten.
2. Do you remember those days __________ we spent along the seashore very happily?
3. Those __________ want to go please sign their names here.
4. Who is the woman __________ is sweeping the floor over there?
5. The man __________ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
6. Finally, the thief handed over everything __________ he had stolen to the police.
7. This is the very letter __________ came last night.
8. This is the factory __________ we worked a year ago.
9. Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all __________ you have told him.
10. Do you work near the building __________ colour is yellow?
11. Alice received an invitation from her boss, __________ came as a surprise.
12. I live in the house __________ windows face south.
13. They stayed with me three weeks, __________ they drank all the wine I had.
14. The room __________ Mr. White lives is not very large.
15. I have finished writing the novel, __________ is to be published next month.
16. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, __________ was unexpected.
17. The old man had three sons, all of __________ died during the World War Ⅱ.
18. I have bought two pens, both of __________ write well.
19. Do you know the reason __________ she has changed her mind?
20. He failed in the exam, __________ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
21. __________ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
22. We should read such books __________ will make us better and wiser.
23. He is absent, __________ is often the case.
24. It is the first time __________ I have come to your city.
25. Who __________ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
26. I shall never forget those days __________ I lived in the country with the farmers, __________ has a great effect on my life.
27. This is the only book __________ I can find.
28. This is the only one of the students __________ handwriting is the best.
29. You must show your wife the same respect __________ you show me.
30. This is the professor __________ taught me chemistry in 1980.
二、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yesterday there was a very exciting debate at Xinhua Middle School about whether medical cloning should be allowed or not. 1 a lively discussion a vote was cast and the side arguing for medical cloning won.
The arguments for medical cloning were very strongly put by the team supporting the motion (议案). They argued that serious illnesses and people 2 have lost their ability to move or think could be helped by medical cloning. They 3 (explain) that the procedures would be safe, quick and with no problems for the patients. They quoted that 67% of American citizens are for it 4 (support) their idea. Their arguments were very 5 (convince).
The arguments put by 6 team opposing medical cloning were less strong. They argued in two ways. The first reason was that the procedures were not yet secure. Their second reason was that 7 took many tries and many potential animals had to 8 (kill) to produce one useable embryo for research. They explained that many European countries don’t allow medical cloning research because of this. Anyway 9 arguments were not so convincing.
At the end of the debate the audience left the hall 10 a feeling of hope. They realized that diseases that seem terrible today may be able to be cured soon.
助读词汇
procedure n. 过程oppose vt. 反对
potential adj. 潜在的embryo n. 胚胎
quote vt. 引用convincing adj. 有说服力的
cast a vote 投票argue for 赞成
be for 赞成medical cloning 医学科隆
参考答案
考点练透
一、单句填空
1. that
2. which/that
3. who
4. that
5. with whom
6. that
7. that
8. where
9. that 10. whose 11. which 12. whose 13. during which 14. where / in which 15. which 16. which 17. whom 18. which 19. why 20. which 21. As 22. as 23. as 24. that 25. that 26. when; which 27. that 28. whose 29. as 30. who/that
二、语法填空
本文主要讲述的是，新华中学举办了一场有关“医学科隆是否该允许”的辩论会。不同的学生对此生物技术有不同的看法——有反对也有赞成。
1. After 分析句子成分可知 1 a lively discussion在本句子不作主语、宾语也不作表语，故需要填介词。根据上下逻辑和空后的a vote was cast and the side arguing for medical cloning won.的结果可知，此处理应是指一次活跃的讨论之后。故填After最佳。注意首字母要大写。
2. who 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。分析句子成分可知 2 have lost their ability to move or think是个定语从句且先行词是人(people)，故填who(在从句中作主语)。
3. explained 根据上一句They argued that serious illnesses可知用一般过去式。
4. to support 分析句子成分得知，动词support在此非谓语。再分析句意可知此处表目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。
5. convincing 作表语用形容词形式。convincing在此意为“有说服力的”。
6. the 表特指必须要用定冠词。或者根据第二段首句中的medical cloning were very strongly put by the team也可知。
7. it 缺主语填代词。根据逻辑和句意可知，此处理应缺少前面提到过的medical cloning。故用it代替。
8. be killed 分析句子成分可知，动词kill在此作谓语，只考虑时态和语态。根据空前had to(不定式)可知此处理应用原形。此外，kill与逻辑主语animals显然存在被动关系，故填be killed正确。
9. their 显然此处缺少一个限定词，总得致命是谁的论据(arguments)。根据上一句They expl ained that…可知此题理应填their合适。
10. with 表“带着……”常用介词with。
最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高三语法复习专题 定语从句(一)
高三语法复习专题定语从句（一） 【学习目标】1.熟练指出定语从句的相关术语 2.只能用that，which的情况。 3.准确选择关系代词或关系副词。 4.掌握介词+which的情况。 预习案Previewing case ［典例分析］She is the girl who likes singing. 主句 ; 从句 ; 先行词 ;关系代词 ; 〔了解几个基本含义〕 ①定语从句的定义：一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫做定语从句。 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和间隔式定语从句。 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用，若去掉它，先行词便不能明确表示其所指对象，因此，限制性定语从句和它的先行词所指意义有着不可分割的联系，不能用逗号将其与先行词隔开。如：The old woman has two daughters who work in the same company. 非限制性定语从句对先行词获主句起补充说明的作用，即使删去也不影响主句的语义完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开。如：Yesterday, my boss left for Paris, where he had stayed for five years. 间隔式定语从句是指为了某种特殊的需要，与先行词分离的定语从句。如：The actor entered the hall who had just sang several pop songs. ②先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、词组或代词成为先行词。 ③关系词的作用：既代替前面的先行词在句子里担当一定的句子成分，又把两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。 〈举一反三〉请找出下列所给句子的先行词以及关系代词，并猜想关系代词/关系副词的作用。用“”表示先行词；“”表示关系代词，并完成表格。 1.The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher. 2.The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting. 3.She lives in a house whose windows faces south. 4.Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher? 5.I have never heard such stories as he tells. 6.I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army. 7.I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked. 8.Tell me the reason why you came late.
广东高考英语语法填空专题训练+答案
广东高考英语语法填空专题训练语法填空（每篇共10小题；每小题1.5分，每篇满分15分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空， 并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为1—10的相应位置。 Passage (1) Cars are too expensive for many people around the world to own. Not only that, many cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads. So 1 do people travel those distances that are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway or bus 2 you live, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many people 3 (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more 4 （importance）, less pollution. Which of the types of mass transit 5 (describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus 6 (two) the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many buses that are known as double-deckers (cars with two floors). Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. It’s not 7 (common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “tap-taps”, because the 8 (ride) on the roof tap（敲击）when they want to be dropped off. Many large cities around the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in other 9 (neighbor). Both the Japanese and French have developed High-speed trains to link various cities. While electric trains in North America average 130 kph, the French TGV (high-speed-train) is the world’s fastest, 10 (average) over 270 kph! Passage (2) Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships 1 (belong) to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were 2 (little) interested in changing it into a colony than in 3 (explore) it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 4 set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well. Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich 5 soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward 6 (move) took place 7 because the English were searching for better land than the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold 8 (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later. Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some 9 (strike) differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, 10 (like) the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.
英语语法讲解之定语从句
英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
英语高三《定语从句》专项练习含答案
题组一基础过关 I.单句语法填空 1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered. 3. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 4. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 5. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. 6. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 7. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. II. 用适当的关系词填空 1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking? 2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 3. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village. 4. Do you know the reason John is so angry? 5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting. 6. The reason he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense. 7. I still remember the night she left the house. 8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all. 10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 题组二能力提升 I．单项填空 ( ) 1.This year’s children’s party, ________ some parents were invited to, was a great success. A.which B.why C.whose D.where ( ) 2.The death of the closest relatives, ________ almost every one of us has experienced, always makes people feel bitter and unbearable. A.which B.who C.as D.the one ( ) 3.—Have you heard any news about Sarah? —Yes, she was promoted to president of her company, ________ surprised everyone.
高考英语专题定语从句知识点真题汇编及答案解析
高考英语专题定语从句知识点真题汇编及答案解析 一、选择题 1．Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 3．Take an active part in programs you enjoy______you can meet various kinds of people. A．what B．when C．that D．where 4．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. A．that B．which C．it D．what 5．He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around. A．what B．which C．that D．whose 6．5G is an exciting mobile technology, ________ will give a massive boost to smart cities and vehicles. A．where B．when C．that D．which 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 9．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 10．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. A．as B．that C．where D．when 11．Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest. A．its B．which C．those D．whose 12．You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 13．The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control. A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 14．We won’t forget the heroes ________ lost their lives whi le fighting against a forest fire. A．who B．whose C．when D．why 15．The commander got a chance to visit the mountain_____ top was covered with thick snow ,____ he had been dreaming of for years. A．that; which B．whose ; which C．of which ; what D．of whom ;that
全国卷高考英语语法填空专项训练精选
全国卷高考英语语法填空专项训练 语法填空练习一 With the 1________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2______ air pollution. Air pollution is caused by the following 3_____(reason): about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4________ (poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health 5______ to others. 6_______ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight 7______ pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8______place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the 9________ (important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10_________ (solve). 语法填空练习二 We often think of future. We often wonder 1 the world will be like in a hundred years’ time. Think of space. Perhaps a permanent station on 2 moon will 3 (set) up. Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as 4 _ (visit). Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, 5 in space and visiting 6 planets. Great progress will have been made 7 medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years’ time. 8 the world will have been developed—even Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, 9 floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities 10 the sea. 语法填空练习三 In the United States, there were 222 people 1 (report) to be billionaires in 2003. The 2 (rich)of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money 3 Mr Gates was only 21 years old 4 5 the time he was 31. 6 , there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7 (young) ages like Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8 of these child actors made over a million dollars 9 (act) in movies before they were 14. But 10 youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn and Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited a billion dollars when he turned 18. 语法填空练习四 Most Americans don’t like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange).” When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. Instead，many of 3 write letters to newspapers and magazines 4 give advice on many different subjects 5 (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, 6 even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers 7 (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are 8 (answer)written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors. 9 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 (train) for this kind of work. 语法填空练习五
九年级英语语法 定语从句专题复习
定语从句专题复习 定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose(一般指人),that（指人或物）,which(指物)等。 关系副词有：when（时间）,where(地点),why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ①who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Ishethemanwho/that wantstosee you 他就是你想见的人吗（who/that在从句中作主语） Heistheman(whom/that)I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ②whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换），例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcover（封面）isgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：Rosalikesmusicthat/whichisquiteandgentle.（which/that在句中作宾语） Thisisthebook(that/which)I'mlookingfor.（which/that在句中作lookfor的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ①when,where,why 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用，例如： Doyouremembertheday when Isawyou(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijingistheplace where（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。 Isthisthereason why（forwhich）herefusedouroffer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ②that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
高考定语从句语法填空专题
Section 8定语从句 两年高考真题演练 1．(2015·江苏高考)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 2．(2015·湖南高考)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 3．(2015·北京高考)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 4．(2015·浙江高考)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 5．(2015·重庆高考)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s. 6．(2015·陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 7．(2015·四川高考)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 8．(2015·天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 9．(2015·安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
高考英语专题定语从句知识点单元汇编
高考英语专题定语从句知识点单元汇编 一、选择题 1．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 3．Though it is 30 years_______we last met, I still remember the scene_______we got separated on a rainy day. A．before; where B．before; which C．since; when D．since; where 4．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 5．Optimism is the essential ingredient of top performers,__________we assume separates the high achievers from the rest. A．as B．who C．which D．that 6．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A．them B．that C．which D．whom 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 9．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 10．Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales. A．which B．that C．when D．where 11．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before. A．them B．who C．whom D．these 12．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 13．The Molalla High School has a wall of Post-it notes ________ students write kind messages for kids to take when they have a bad day. A．that B．which C．when D．where 14．_______ is known to all, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A．That B．Which C．As D．It 15．The art festival is an annual event ______ the students can show off their talents.