补语专项训练

补语专项训练

补语的定义：英语中，补语是对主语或宾语的状态、行为或特征作补充说明的句子成分。补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,故可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。

补语的构成：补语一般可由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、副词等充当。

主补与宾补的关系：把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来的宾补就变成了主补。

eg.主动语态：They caught the boy stealing.（宾补）

被动语态：The boy was caught stealing.（主补）

一．主语补足语

（1）名词作主补

动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。

The dog is called Karl. He was elected president.

（2）形容词作主补

动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。

The door was painted white.

The classroom is always kept clean every day.

（3）现在分词和过去分词作主补

动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语。

He is often heard reading English.

The glass was found broken.

（4）不定式作主补

感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语。

He was seen to come upstairs.

The spy was ordered to be hanged.

（5）介词短语用作主语补足语。

She was found at work.

The suspect’s hands are kept behind their backs.

（6）as后面接名词、形容词、分词等作主补。

English is taken as a useful means for research work.

The news is considered as true.

翻译练习：

1. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______________________________________. (厨师一被发现在厨房吸烟就被马上炒掉。)

2．_________________________________________，I went to bed. (又累又困，我睡觉去了。)

3. The classroom was found ________________________________________. (教室挤满了人。)

4. He died______________________________________________________. (他英年早逝。)

5. She was made _____________________________________. (她被迫星期五前把工作完成。)

6. He was found ____________________________________________________. (他身体健康。) 二．宾语补足语

"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构的句子有了前3个成分后,还需要有一个宾语补足语对宾语做出补充说明,表明宾语的身份,特征，行为或状态等,句意才完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。常跟复合宾语的动词：call, name, make, think, find, leave, keep, nominate (任命), appoint(任命),

choose, elect(选举), define(定义), regard（认为）, see, recognize（认出）, treat, take, consider （考虑）, refer to（提到）, acknowledge（承认）。

（1）名词或名词词组作宾补

We elected Mike chairman.

They found this place a good summer resort.

（2）形容词作宾补

My brother painted the door yellow. 我兄弟把门漆成了黄色。

We considered Bob very capable.

（3）介词短语作宾补

They kept us in the dark for a long time.

What makes you in such a hurry?

（4）不定式作宾补

①带to的不定式

动词如allow, order, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等词后作宾补的不定式都带to。

He didn't allow us to smoke in his house.

Why did you advise her to do that?

②不带to的不定式

使役动词make, have, let等；感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, notice等词后作宾补的不定式不带to。

He made a face and made everybody laugh.

We saw him enter the hall

（5）现在分词作宾补

He heard them singing happily next door.

We found her lying on the ground.

（6）过去分词作宾补

过去分词表示“被动、完成”概念，也可以表示形态。

I saw him knocked down by a car. (被撞倒，表被动)

I found the door unlocked. （门没锁，是已经具有的形态）

注意：

（1）在使役动词make, let, have 后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。如：

They made Paul study English.

Paul was made to study English.

（2）with 引导的复合结构：

若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；

若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；

若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作。

Eg. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise going on.

With a lot of difficult problems to settle,I have no time to have a rest.

（3）双宾语（即：间接宾语＋直接宾语）和复合宾语（即：宾语＋宾语补足语）的区别双宾语：在双宾语中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，有的句子去掉其中一个宾语，句子仍然成立。双宾语一般表示“为谁（for sb．）或给谁（to sb．）……”，即“及物动词＋间接宾语＋

直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词＋直接宾语＋for sb．或to sb．”的结构。

Please show me your new book．→Please show your new book to me．

She bought me some tomatoes．→She bought some tomatoes for me．

复合宾语：宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密，去掉其中一个成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且当名词、形容词、介词短语作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有逻辑上的“主系表关系”；当不定式（短语）或分词（短语）作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有逻辑上的“主谓关系”。

We made Tom monitor．（Tom is monitor．）

I found him in Room 201．（He was in Room 201．）

We will make our country more beautiful．（Our country will be more beautiful．）

we heard her singing in the room．（She was singing in the room．）

翻译练习：

7. We consider him__________________________________. （我们认为他是一个好老师。）

8. Do you like__________________________________? (你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点？)

9. They named_______________________________________. (他们给那个男孩取名为查理。)

10. We believe him_________________________________________. (我们相信他是有罪的。)

11. He helped me _____________________________________________. (他帮我清扫房间。)

12. We saw him______________________________________. (我们看到他进了那个房间。)

13. She kept us___________________________________. (她让我们在这等了一个小时了。)

14. I saw him____________________________________________. (我看到他被汤姆打了。)

15. She will _____________________________________________. ( 她会给你一杯咖啡。)

Multiple choices

1．----Is there anything I can do for you ?

----I'd like to have these materials ____ by ten o'clock.

A．printed B．print C．printing D．to print

2. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.

A. cry; to cry

B. crying; crying

C. cry; cry

D. to cry; cry

3. Jason was scolded by his mother because he left home with the TV set ____ this morning.

A. out

B. unlocked

C. unclosed

D. on

4. I heard that you were elected _____ this time.

A. the monitor

B. monitor

C. a monitor

D. my monitor

5. With trees, flowers and grass_____ everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look.

A. planting

B. to plant

C. planted

D. to be planted

6. John rushed out in a hurry, ___ the door_____.

A. leaving; unlocking

B. leaving; unlocked

C. left; unlocked

D. to leave; unlocking

7. John is often referred to _____ at the factory.

A. as being the best engineer

B. be the best engineer

C. by the president to be the best engineer

D. as the best engineer

8. The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river.

A. playing

B. to be playing

C. play

D. to play

9. The books in the study(书房) must be kept____..

A. in good order

B. to be in good order

C. good order

D. as good order

10. The door was painted ____.

A. in white

B. as white

C. white

D. whitely

Keys for reference:

1. smoking in the kitchen

2. Tired and sleepy,

3. crowded with people.

4. young / when he was you ng.

5. to finish the work before Friday.

6. in good health / healthy.

7. (to be) a good teacher

8. your tea weak or strong?

9. that boy Charlie. 10. to be guilty 11. (to) clean the room 12. enter the room

13. waiting here for an hour. 14. beaten by Tom 15. give you a cup of coffee

选择题：1-5： AADBC 6-10: BDAAC