最新中考英语复习资料第十七讲定语从句解析卷

【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十七讲定语从句解析卷

定语从句是初中英语中一个比较重要的语法项目，同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考点。综观近年来各地的中考英语试题，定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面：一是考查指物的关系代词的用法，二是考查指人的关系代词的用法。另外，它有时也会涉及一些其他的方面，但相对考得比较少。

思维导图记知识点

考点分析

知识梳理

在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。

引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。

关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。

二、关系代词的用法

1、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。

2、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。

(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off…)

3、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。

4、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)

5、which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。

三、关系副词的用法

1、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.

( 介词＋which可以代替when)

2、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。This is the place where we lived for five years.

The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.

( 介词＋which可以代替where)

3、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。

I know the reason why he came late. ( for＋which可以代替why)

The reason why / for which he was late was that he was ill.

四、关系代词的主谓一致

关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。

The student who is good at English studies hard.

五、只能用that的情况小结：

1. 在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。

There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。

2. 当先行词为主句的表语

This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。

3. 以Here is (are)开头的句子时。

Here is a film that will move anyone. 这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。

4. It is (high) time +定语从句中。

It is time that we should have a rest. 我们应该休息了。

5. 当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，可省略。

This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。

6. 在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。

He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest. 他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。7. 当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。

This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。

8. 在强调句子中，并且以who ,which, what开头时。

Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了？

9. 当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。

You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。

10. 当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时，

This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。

11. 当先行词既指人又指物时。

The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .

12. 当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which或者that均可。

Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。

13. 当先行词是疑问代词who时。

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？

六、定语从句分类

①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：

I was the only person in my office who was invited.

②非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that 来引导。

This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.

考点突破

考点一：考查指物的关系代词的用法

典例1:（2018甘肃白银）26. I really like the family photo ___ we took on my gra ndpa’s 80th birthday. A. who B. that C. what D. whose

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我真的很喜欢爷爷80岁生日时拍的全家福。本题考查定语从句。A. who指代人；B. that 既可以指人又可以指物；C. what不能引导定语从句；D. whose指代某人/物的。根据题干

举一反三

( )1.(2018?四川成都) 39. A kind of shared bike is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.

A. it

B. who

C. which

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：一种名叫“小蓝单车”的共享自行车在成都正变得越来越受欢迎。关系词who和which都可引导定语从句，who指代人；which指代物，这里的先行词bike是物，故用which引导定语从句。故选C。

( )2.(2018·甘肃兰州) 32. She often parks her car near the house ______ she can easily get to.

A. where

B. who

C. which

D. what

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。______ she can easily get to是house的定语从句，先行词house

是物，该词在定语从句中做宾语，因此用代词。故选C。

( )3.（2018·湖北随州）—Why are you so worried?

—I've lost the watch _______ my dad bought me on my birthday.

【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：—为什么你这么焦急？—我丢失了爸爸在我生日那天给我买的手表。先行词为watch，表物，故关系代词需用that或which，故选D。

考点二：考查指人的关系代词的用法

当先行词为指人的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词应用that, who, whom——that和who可用作主语或宾语，而whom只用作宾语。这是各地中考英语命题涉及相当多的一个知识点(从数量上看，比考查指物的关系代词的用法要少一些)。如：

典例2：(2018 湖北黄冈)8. -- Class, you should be thankful to those people _______ helped and supported you.

-- We will. Miss Chen.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

D. whose

【答案】C

【解析】句意：——同学们，你们应该感谢那些帮助你们和支持你们的人。——陈小姐，我们会的。which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语、宾语和表语；whom引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语或表语；who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语或宾语。whose引导定语从句，修饰人或物，作定语；此处修饰先行词people，表示人，作定语从句的主语，故用who。故选C。

举一反三

( )1.（2018 湖南郴州）3. --Do you know the student _______got an A in the English exam?

---Of course. She is my deskmate, Li Hong

A. who

B. whom

C. whose

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——你认识在英语考试中得A的那个学生吗？——当然，她是我同桌，李红。这是定语从句结构，先行词是the student，引导词在从句中作主语，所以用who；故选A

( )2.（2018四川宜宾）10. That’s the boy won the first prize in the competition yesterday.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

【答案】A

【解析】句意：那是做题比赛赢得一等奖的那个男孩。这是一个定语从句，先行词是the boy，引导词在从句中做主语成分；故选A

( )3.（2018 河南省）33, Anyone who is a server or____ has been one knows that customers always come first.

A. whom

B. what

C. who D, which

【解析】本题考查定语从句。or表示并列, who is a sever是一个定语从句,先行词是anyone,所以Or 后面的定语从句的先行词也是anyone,在从句里面做主语,所以答案选C。

考点三：考查关系副词的用法

典例5：This is the primary school ______ I studied three years ago.(四川宜宾中考题)

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. which

【解析】由于受定语从句修饰的名词the primary school(小学)表示地点，所以定语从句用where来引导(同时where在定语从句中用作地点状语)。句意为：这就是我三年前就读的小学。

【答案】A

举一反三

1. There will be a flower show in the park ______ we visited last week.(广东中考题)

A. who

B. where

C. what

D. which

【解析】虽然先行词park(公园)表示“地点”，但此空格处不能填where，因为关系词在定语从句中不是用作状语，而是用作宾语(作动词visited的宾语)，故此题的答案是D，而不是B。

【答案】D

2. I still remember the time ______ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.( 湖北黄石中考题)

A. when

B. what

C. who

D. which

【解析】尽管先行词time表示“时间”，但此空格处不能填when，因为关系词在定语从句中不是用作状语，而是用作宾语(作动词spent的宾语)，故此题的答案是D，而不是A。

【答案】D

考点四:综合考查关系代词和其他知识

典例4:(2018·山东潍坊) 28. —What kind of movies do you prefer?

—I prefer the movies ________ me something to think about.

A. which give

B. that gives

C. that gives

D. who gives

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：—你更喜欢哪类电影？—我更喜欢提供一些东西让我思考的电影。先行词movie为“物”，用which或that引导定语从句，本句先行词movies用了复数形式，定语从句中的谓语动词就应该用原形。故选A。

举一反三

( )1. (2018. 四川遂宁)Alice prefers stories that _____short and funny.

A. are

B. is

C. was

D. were

【解析】考查定语从句中be动词的用法。句意：爱丽丝喜欢短而有趣的故事。首先确定句子为一般现在时，先行词stories为复数，确定be动词为are，故选A。

2. (2017·辽宁丹东·40)My cousin is a boy ________ lots of trouble to his parents.

A. who bring

B. which brings

C. who brings

D. that bring

[解析]句意：我的表弟是一个把许多麻烦带给父母的男孩儿。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，空格前boy为人，关系代词应用who，故排除B、D项，且boy为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故选C。

【答案】C

真题在线

( )1.(2018?湖北咸宁) 31. 一CCTV has produced a TV show-Chinese Poetry Competition. Have you seen it?

一Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, _________ studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan, is the winner.

A. which

B. where

C. who

D. whom

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：——中央电视台已经开播了一档新的电视节目《中国诗歌大赛》。你看过这个节目吗？——当然看过了。在复旦大学附中学习的16岁的学生武亦姝是大赛的获胜者。定语从句的引导词which用来指物；where用来指地点；who和whom用来指人，前者在定语从句中一般作主语；后者作宾语。这里指代武亦姝，在从句中作主语。故选C。

( )2.(2018·广东省)44. According to a survey, people _______ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.

A. which

B. whom

C. whose

D. who

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句连接词。people为定语从句的先行词，当先行词为人时，需用who或that。故选D。

( )3.(2018·甘肃天水) 34. Tu Youyou is the woman ___________ used the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.

A. which

B. who

C. whose

D. /

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦是一位运用了植物的特殊能量挽救了数百万人的生命的女性。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，空格后从句缺少主语，且先行词为woman，故用关系代词

( )4.（2018?湖南湘潭）26.I can’t find the shoes ____ I bought last week. So I have t o buy another pair. A.who B which C what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：我找不到我上周买的那双鞋，所以我不得不再买一双。分析句意可知：空格后I bought last week修饰先行词shoes是“物”，故用which引导。

( )5.(2018·湖南永州)30. Have you heard about the TV program Reader _____ is very popular now?

A. which

B. who

C. where

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：你听过朗读者这个目前很受欢迎的电视节目吗？从句的先行次词为the TV program Reader表物故选A。

( )6.(2018·湖南岳阳) 28. We should look up to those scientists sent Tianzhou-1 Cargo Spaceship (天舟一号货运飞船) to space.

A. which

B. who

C. what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：我们应该仰慕那些把天舟一号货运飞船送上太空的科学家。those scientists为定语从句的先行词，当先行词为人时，需用who或that引导。故选B。

( )7.(2018?湖南株洲) 27. The man called yesterday wants to buy the house.

A. who

B. what

C. which

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句中的关系代词。句意：昨天打电话的那个人想买房子。分析句子结构知，本定语从句的先行词是the man指人，应用关系代词who引导。故选A。

( )8.(2018·山东滨州)32. I’d like to tell you about the table manners _____ you should know when you visit France.

A. which

B. who

C. what

D. how

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我想告诉你当你参观法国时你应该熟知的餐桌礼仪。先行词table manners是“物”，故定语从句的关系代词用that/which，该关系代词本身在从句中作动词know的宾语。故选A。

( )9.(2018?山东临沂) 28. Roald Dahl was a great children’s writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture was different to most other writers.

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗尔德·达尔是一位著名的儿童作家，他黑暗的过去帮助他画了一幅与大多数其他作家不同的肖像画。这里的先行词是a picture，表示事物，用that引导定语从句。故选A。

( )10.(2017?山东泰安) 33. Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house ___ he was born in.

A. which

B. where

C. what

D. it

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：昨天格林先生去了他的故乡，参观了他出生的老宅。题中先行词是the old house，而且关系代词在从句中作in的宾语，因此只能用which。故选A。

( )11.（2017·湖北十堰）38. This is a heartwarming story about a boy_____ saved his mother's life.

A. which

B. who

C. whose

D. whom

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意：这是一个关于男孩的感人故事，这个男孩救了他母亲的生命。先行词为a boy，表示人，且该空关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用who。故选B。

( )12.(2017·四川眉山) 34. Lily loves music _______ she can sing along with.

A. which

B. who

C. what

D. whom

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：李莉喜欢能伴唱的音乐。由该句的先行词是music，且在从句中with 的宾语，故用which引导。故选A。

( )13.(2017·福建) 34. —Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV?

—Sure. It’s a great TV programme ______ brings the habit of reading back into the public.

A. who

B. that

C. what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句中的关系代词。分析句子结构知，本定语从句的先行词是a great TV programme 指事物，应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故选C。

( )14.(2017·贵州贵阳)35. My hometown is the place _____ holds all my sweet memories.

A. who

B. which

C. what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的家乡就是承载着我所有甜美梦想的地方。分析句子结构可知，这

( )15.(2017·贵州安顺) 32. Sara is the girl has taught me how to use Wechat(微信).

A. whom

B. which

C. what

D. who

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：萨拉是已经教我如何使用微信的那个女孩。定语从句中，先行词the girl 表示人，其关系代词应用that或who。故选D。

( )16.（2017·河南）33. I hate the dogs ______ live in the next house. They make loud noises all night. A. who B. that C. what D. whom

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句用法。句中先行词the dogs表示“物”, 用that或which引导定语从句。故选B。( )17.(2017·贵州黔南州)28. The car _______ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

A. whose

B. whom

C. who

D. which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。由句意知，本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词the car指物，应用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故选D。

( )18.(2017·贵州六盘水)We still remember the lovely teachers _______ have taught us for 3 years.

A. who

B. whose

C. whom

D. which

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句中关系代词辨析。句意：我们仍然记得教育我们3年的那些可爱的老师们。分析句子结构知，本句是含有定语从句的复合句，其先行词teachers指人，应用关系代词who/that 引导定语从句。故选A。

( )19.(2017·四川内江)29. The lady in the kitchen _________ is doing the dishes is my aunt.

A. where

B. who

C. which

D. whom,

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。_______ is doing the dishes is my aunt是定语从句，先行词the lady是人，且关系代词在从句中作主语，因此用who。故选B。

( )20.(2017·湖南怀化)29. —Do you know the man ______ is talking with our Chinese teacher?

— Yes. He is my uncle, Mr King.

A.which

B.who

C.whom

【答案】Ｂ

【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：——你认识那个正同我们语文老师说话的那位男士吗？——是

句中作主语或者宾语；whom先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；本句中先行词为man，且在从句中作主语，用who。故选B。

模拟演练

( )1.(2018·湖北黄石模拟)37. —Tom usually helps others with math problem and Mr. Li often praises him for it.

—I agree. A student is always helping others is worth praise.

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。答句意为：我同意。一个总是帮助别人的同学值得表扬。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为a student，在从句中做主语，故用who引导该定语从句。故选C。( )2.（2018·湖北鄂州模拟）—Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.

—He is a great astronaut of ________ all the Chinese are proud.

A. that

B. whose

C. who

D. whom

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句引导词辨析。句意：—请告诉我关于杨利伟的情况。—他是一位伟大的宇航员，所有中国人都以他为豪。此空引导词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词表人，故只能使用whom。故选D。

( )3.（2018·吉林模拟）29. Ode to Joy（欢乐颂）is a TV play many people like.

A. why

B. that

C. who

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：欢乐颂是一部许多人都喜欢看的电视剧。先行词TV play表示某一事物，关系代词由that引导，故选B。

( )4.(2018·四川巴中模拟) 48. I like music ______ I can dance to.

A. that

B. what

C. who

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢可以跟着一起跳舞的音乐。本题的先行词music，指物，故用引导词that或which。故选A。

( )5..(2017·四川达州模拟)Journey to the West is a book ________ influences teenagers a lot. It is very popular.

【答案】C

( )6..(2017·天水模拟)—Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel?

—Yes. Hansel is a smart boy________ often comes up with a good idea.

A. who

B. whom

C. where

D. which

[解析]句意：——你读过《韩塞尔与葛雷特》吗？——是的。韩塞尔是一个经常想出好主意的聪明男孩。先行词是boy，且在从句中作主语，关系代词用who。故选A。

【答案】A

( )7..(2017·云南曲靖模拟)She often parks her car near the house ________ she can easily get to.

A. where

B. who

C. which

D. what

[解析]________ she can easily get to是house的定语从句，先行词house是物，该词在定语从句中做宾语，因此用代词。故选C。

【答案】C

( )8..(2017·贵州黔东南模拟)—Why are you so worried?

—I've lost the watch ________ my dad bought me on my birthday.

A. what

B. who

C. whose

D. which

[解析]句意：——为什么你这么焦急？——我丢失了爸爸在我生日那天给我买的手表。先行词为watch，表物，故关系代词需用that或which，故选D。

【答案】D

( )9. .(2016·黑龙江哈尔滨模拟)This is a heartwarming story about a boy_____ saved his mother's life. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom

[解析]句意：这是一个关于男孩的感人故事，这个男孩救了他母亲的生命。先行词为a boy，表示人，且该空关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用who。故选B。

【答案】B

( )10..(2016·广西贺州模拟)According to a survey，people ________ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.

A. which

B. whom

C. whose

D. who

[解析]people为定语从句的先行词，当先行词为人时，需用who或that。故选D。

【答案】D

( )11..(2016·福建福州模拟) —Tom usually helps others with math problem and Mr. Li often praises him for it.

—I agree. A student ________ is always helping others is worth praise.

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. whose

[解析] 答句意为：我同意。一个总是帮助别人的同学值得表扬。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为a student，在从句中做主语，故用who引导该定语从句。故选C。

【答案】C

( )12..(2016·辽宁阜新模拟)—What do you think of the TV programme called Readers?

A. when

B. that

C. what

D. who

[解析]句意：——你认为《朗读者》这个节目怎么样？——很精彩！这是我看过的最好的节目。先行词programme“节目”提示用which或that引导定语从句。

【答案】D