中考英语阅读理解的考查范围及解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解的考查范围及解题技巧
中考英语阅读理解的考查范围及解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解的考查范围及解题技巧

一、阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下:

1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;

2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系;

3、能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局;

4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料;

5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息;

阅读理解对初三学生来讲是一种较高水平的能力要求,是一项难度较高的测试题。无论是在我们日常英语学习和复习考试中阅读都是不可忽视的一项主要内容,然而阅读能力的培养和水平的提高也绝不是一日之功,必须明确要求,掌握方法,打好基础,不断总结,阅读水平才能不断提高。

二、考试中阅读理解主要题型:

英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化,涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。体裁多样化,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。大致来说,主要针对如下方面:1. 文章的个别词或句子;2. 文章的某细节或情节;3. 文章的主题;4. 文章的背景知识;5. 文章的结论或结局;6. 文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。

具体来讲主要有以下几种题型:

(一) 直接理解性题目

这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节,就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。

(二) 语义理解性题目

题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文,甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。

(三) 逻辑推理性题目

这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,才能获得正确答案。

(四) 归纳概括性题目

要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断,从而获取文章中内隐的信息。

三、阅读题解题基本步骤:

1. 初读全文

(1) 阅读理解题属于“语篇理解”题型。一般宜先通读短文全文,初步了解短文整体框架、大意及作者意向,并在抓住主要信息及各段中心内容的同时,标出有疑问或重要的地方。(2) 也可以先扫读文章后的理解题目,明确要求,便于快速阅读全文时留意或抓住重要材料及关键词语。试题中有的文章有标题,有的没有,拟题人是有所考虑的,画龙点睛,龙就活了。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象,想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利

于对文章的理解,能提高做题的效率。如果时间紧,至少要快速通读全文,尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来,这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。

可边读边用铅笔做些标记,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因等重要信息(即五个W:who,what,when,where,why)划出来。

2. 审题试答

在认真研读题目(“题干”和“选项”)、明确答题要求的基础上,再细读短文有关部分以便决定答案。这一步至关重要,既要细致,又要在整体把握的层面上上下照应、前后联系。一般说来,试题的先后次序与短文所述内容的次序是一致的,因而答题应按试题的次序逐个去做。答题原则应是先易后难,留下难题个别对待。

对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目,应再查阅原文,但决不是简单重读,应找出依据,把所选答案代入文中,再确定正误。在选择答案时,对文章和选择题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思,切忌望文生义,作出错误的判断。

对一具体问题不要局限于一词一事,而应从短文整体考虑,大多数短文,尤其是新闻报道或议论文的第一段,或每段的第一句,常包含了全文的主要信息或基本观点;而结尾部分常是结局或结论。寓言或幽默文字的结尾也往往是点晴之笔或值得玩味之处。因此,抓住首尾往往抓住了主要矛盾,主要矛盾解决了,次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。

四、做阅读理解题时应注意的问题:

1. 忌不带问题。

做阅读理解题时,应先把文章后面所给的考查题浏览一遍,然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案,从而提高阅读效果。

2. 忌草率行事。

在设计理解题时,设计者往往在四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的答案。这样答案干扰性特别强,容易迷惑考生。如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案,往往会掉进设计者设置的“陷阱”里。处理的方法是:对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较,在理解阅读材料内容的基础上进行去伪存真,方可选出正确答案。

3. 忌主观印象。

少数阅读不明确题只需根据生活常识就可选出答案,而绝大多数则不然,考生必须按照原文来选定答案。因此,考生在做后一种测试题时,一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰,按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。

4. 忌忽略时间。

做阅读理解题时,一定要从整体上控制时间,时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边,等把全部题做完后,再回头来处理。因为做完题后,你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了,你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚,因为你仍然有选对的可能性。

总之,做阅读理解审题是关键。在阅读短文之前,快速浏览问题,以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数,快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序,应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题,因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案,而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解,再作判断。

(一)主旨题

主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时,应通读全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开,主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。答题的原则是“题目或主要内容的范围”,范围过大过小都不合适。

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