(完整)大学英语四级听力技巧(看后定高分)

(完整)大学英语四级听力技巧(看后定高分)
(完整)大学英语四级听力技巧(看后定高分)

注意:我在这里再重复一遍,技巧仅仅应付考试时用,平时尽量少用,这多少有运气在里头,平时把运气用完了,考试就没了。而现在听力还是可以有提高的。希望大家能多练!

正确答案的特征

含义肯定的不是正确选项,模糊的是正确选项

意思具体的不是正确选项,概括的是正确选项

意思详细的不是正确选项,抽象的是正确选项

意思肤浅的不是正确选项,深刻的是正确选项

听力考试技巧:

一、预读选项,确定场景,善用排除

1四级听力中,常见的场景有:(1)作业场景;作业包括assignment,paper,essay,presentation,experiment 等形式,作业一般很多,很难。(2)课程及考试场景;课程(course)一般很难,very challenging,好让有志于赴美读书的各国青年才俊们三思而后行。(3)授课场景;教授的课(含lecture,presentation等)讲的极为枯燥,很难听懂但是学生却对教授评价甚高;(4)考试场景;考试一般很难,女生比男生用功,考的好,还很爱帮助男生上进。(5)放假场景;大家思乡心切,急于回家。(7)打工找工作场景:工作难找,面试要做充分准备。(8)事故场景:学生一般命大,遇到交通事故(甚至飞机坠毁),往往车(包括自行车)毁而人无大碍,受点轻伤或者毫发未伤。(9)看show场景;一般人多票难买。(10)噪音场景;一般是嫌原来的住处too noisy,不利于安心学习。(11)找人一般找不到。(12)教授、医生、学生一般都很忙。(13)飞机、火车一般都晚点。(14)遇事不要着急,要耐心,要等待。

2两选项分析技巧:

(一) 排除一个选项的技巧,下列选项,可以排除:

1. 所属类别和其他选项相距甚选的选项,例如:

(A) The choice of course. (C) An evening course. (B) A day course. (D) Their work.

其中的D选项,明显和其它三个选项属于不同类别,因而对的可能性极小。

2. 所涉及的人物和其他选项不同的选项,例如:

A) The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting.

B) Where they are going to meet Mr. Johnson.

C) The necessity of writing to Mr. Johnson.

D) Who is going to contact Mr. Johnson.

其中的A选项,明显和Mr. Johnson.没直接关系, 因而对的可能性极小。

3. 四个选项中,仅有一个选项含有数字或专用名词,则该选项一般不对,例如:

A) They are both anxious to try Italian food.

B) They are likely to have dinner together.

C) The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight.

D) The woman refused to have dinner with the man.

其中有且仅有A选项,含有专用名词Italian, 因而对的可能性极小。

又例如:

A) Take the GRE test again in 8 weeks.

B) Call to check his scores.

C) Be patient and wait.考试大-中国教育考试门户网站(www.Examda。com)

D) Inquire when the test scores are released.

其中有且仅有A选项,含有专用名词GRE, 有含有数字,因而对的可能性更小。

4. 四个选项中,仅有一个或者两个选项含有听力中很少涉及的词汇,则该选项一般不对。

例如:

A) He was kept in hospital for a long time.

B) He was slightly injured in a traffic accident.

C) He was seriously wounded in a mine explosion.

D) He was fined for speeding.

C选项含有mine explosion在听力和日常口语中很少涉及,因而对的可能性很小。

5. 内容不合常理、比较荒谬的选项一般不对。例如:

A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.

B) She doesn’t agree with the man.

C) Drunk drivers are not guilty.

D) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.

其中的A选项是不合常理的,大多数死于交通事故的人是醉鬼车轮下的冤魂,而不是被称为“马路杀手”的醉酒司机,C选项就更为荒谬,Drunk drivers无罪,天理难容!

6. 含义比较绝对、过于极端的选项一般不对。一般说来,含有too(太)anything, everything等含义比较绝对的选项是不对的。例如:

A) She takes it as a kind of exercise. B) She wants to save money.

C) She loves doing anything that is new. D) Her office isn't very far.

其中,A选项含义比较绝对,除非有很大把握,一般不能作为正确选项。

(二) 重点预选的技巧

1. 含义相反或者相对的两个选项,正确选项一般就在其中。例如:

A) The woman should confirm her appointment with the doctor.

B) The woman should have seen the doctor earlier.

C) The woman’s headache will go away by itself.

D) The woman has been complaining too much.

其中,B和C选项的含义相反,正确答案就在其中,C选项一般不符合常理(得了病一般能扛着吗?不能,何况是贪生怕死的英美人?),因而只能是B答案正确。

又例如:

A) Henry doesn't like the color. B) Someone else painted the house.

C) There was no ladder in the house. D) Henry painted the house himself.

B选项和D选项相对,因而答案就在其中。

2. 结构相差很小、含义差别较大的选项,正确选项一般就在其中。例如:

(A) At a cigarette store (C) At a gas station (B) At a bus station (D) At Aunt Mary's

其中的B和C选项,结构非常相似,仅差一个词,答案一般就在其中。

3 三种得出答案的途径:

从录音中的关键信息得出并确定答案的有三种途径,即直接、转换和推理。直接是指正确选项或者其中的主要词汇直接出现在录音中的关键信息中,A部分和B部分的大多数并列。细节题均属此类,遵循“听到什么选什么”的原则。转换分为同义转换和反义转换,如果某一个选项或者选项中的关键词和录音中的关键信息同义或者相反,则改选项一般为正确选项。推理则需要录音中的相关信息总结、归纳出正确答案。根据统计,可以在录音中直接找到答案的四级听力试题的比例约为35%,50%的题目可以在录音中找到和正确答案的同义或反义的句子。推理题难度较大,但是,可以根据谈话人的语气、场景规律以及B部分同一篇文章的其他题目的答案或者文章中重复次数很多的单词或者概念确定答案。

4 四个命题原则:

通过对历年的真题的研究,我们可以看出四级听力试题的命题点具有非常明显的规律,即只考察对小对话和文章中的关键信息进行考察,遵从下列原则:

强调原则:对于讲话的人或者作者刻意强调的信息,命题的可能性很大。强调的方式包括:(1)使用具有增加信息接受方注意力功能的词汇,例如most, only, just, particularly, really, new, free, famous, strange ,

unusual, surprise, shocked, always, each, ever, every, little, few, any, nothing, full of, complete, throughout, all, almost, nearly, total, important, must, stress, note, notice, range, insist, add , laugh, desperation, horror, fear, disaster, key, minimum等等;(2)使用特殊结构及句式,例如比较级、最高级、as…as结构、not so…as结构、different from、similar to、强调结构、否定结构、感叹句、if丛句、完成进行时态、as…as possible、make it clear that、you can imagine that、don’t forget that等结构;(3)含有数字、时间及相关词汇的句子,例如first(start, pioneer), second, millions of, figure, many,one day, years ago, today等等;(4)重复和自问自答;(5)引用:语气语调一般会有明显的变化。

因果原则: 含有表示因果关系的词汇的句子,命题的可能性很大,这些词汇包括because, why, reason, so, as a result, as a sign of, thanks to, therefore, due to等等。

转折原则: 含有表示转折关系的词汇的句子,命题的可能性很大,这些词汇包括but, however, whereas, otherwise, unfortunately, yet等等。

首末句原则: 对于B部分的大多数文章来讲,首句和末句都很重要,出题的可能性很大,有30%的段子题题目的答案,可以通过首末句得出。

二、听听力时要注意的地方

1.对话题

对话题可以说是考生最易拿分的部分,建议考生在做这部分题目时,按以下三个步骤来完成。

第一步:预读选项。听录音前先浏览一下题目的四个选项,这是做好听力题目的必要前提。考生通过分析四个选项,再结合自己的猜测,就可以对对话所涉及的话题有个大体的了解,这样就可以带着问题去听,就能将注意力集中在对话中的关键信息点,从而减轻听的负担。

第二步:把握关键词和关键句。在听录音的过程中,考生要注意把握一些关键词和关键句。首先要注意听表示转折关系的词汇,例如but、however、unfortunately、unexpectedly、to tell the truth等。其次也要注意听关键句。在对话题中,往往会有一些表示建议或劝告的句子,例如“Why…?”“Why…not…?”“Why don’t you/we…?”“It would be better to do...”“Wouldn’t it be better to do…?”根据对历年四级听力真题的分析,这类关键词和关键句之后往往是考点所在,所以考生要加以重视。

第三步:判断相关场景。考生要学会通过捕捉听力题目和听力录音中出现的关键词来判断相关场景。四级听力常考的场景有:学习场景、工作场景、天气场景、医院场景、租房场景、娱乐场景、餐馆场景、选课场景等。判断出相关的场景有利于考生在解题时有据可依,提高解题正确率。在这里笔者也提醒考生,由于英语是一种模式化的语言,在固定的场景中,其词汇和表达也相对比较固定,所以考生应在平时注意多积累一些场景中的高频词汇和习惯表达,以提高听力理解能力。

2. 短文理解

如果考生注意分析和总结,这部分还是有很多规律和方法可循,如下所示:

①重两头轻中间。西方人说话时喜欢单刀直入、开门见山,所以往往一篇文章的开头就是全文的主题句,即便不是主题句,也会包含很多信息,理解这些信息有利于考生把握整篇文章。而结尾部分通常又是文章的总结句,概括和归纳了全文的中心。所以考生在听这部分的录音时,一定要抓住文章的开头和结尾。

②注意标志性细节。听力材料中出现的时间、数字、地点等信息以及表示原因和转折关系的词汇和句子经常是标志性的出题点所在。所以,考生在听的时候要特别留意这些细节,做好笔记。

3. 复合式听写

从命题形式来看,复合式听写与前两部分截然不同,它考查的是考生的单词拼写以及对信息的迅速反应能力。对于这一题型,也有一些相应的做题技巧。

听写前迅速浏览全文。在这部分的听力录音播放前,考生应快速浏览一下全文,掌握文章的大概内容。根据对历年复合式听写文章的分析,笔者发现这部分的文章基本上是采用了“总—分”或“总—分—总”的结构。所以,考生在浏览全文时,要重点理解文章的首尾几句。如果时间充裕,考生还可以快速观察一下空格前后的一些语法信息,从中判断空格处应填单词的词性、单复数、时态以及语态等信息。

以听为主、以记为辅。考生在记录信息时要有所侧重和取舍,应重点记那些支撑句子结构的主要成分,

即主语、谓语和宾语,而一些虚词(冠词、助动词等)则可省略不记。

听写完一定要检查。有些考生在做完听写后马上开始做阅读题,想从听力中节省时间来做其他的题,这种做法是得不偿失的。考生在做完听写后,应特别注意检查空格处所填词汇的拼写、大小写、单复数形式以及动词的时态等是否准确。1~2分钟的检查并不耽误时间,却往往能有效避免在本该得分的地方丢分。

听力考试的复习建议

短对话理解,从近几年的真题中看,转折关系和虚拟语气仍是应该重点关注的部分,尤其是转折关系的标志词but等的出现,后方也将成为听题关键。还有一些动作类题目中要注意情态动词(must\would\should\have to\had better),一句话中有很多动词出现,但是某个动词被情态动词修饰或者强调过的,这个动词就成为重要的考点形式。还是动作类题目中的建议动作类,注意句型Why don’t…\How about doing…\What about doing…后的动词,被强调过的,依旧是听题关键。另外,对于词汇的固定搭配,对话场景中常出现的单词也要记牢背熟,他们都是解题听题的关键所在。还有,在真题中总结出的一般思路,比如买东西买不到,订机票票满等等这样的挫折原则,车祸空难等大难不死遵循的光明原则,这些也是需要同学们记住,必要时都用的上的有效方法。

短文听力,我们暂且越过长对话理解,先来讲解它。短文听力这几年考的比较多的体材是故事和说明文,扬扬洒洒一大篇文章,不知道从哪里着手去听,确实是比较难的题目,但是再难的题目它也有它的解题套路,三段论就是短文听力永恒不变的黄金原则,就是开头、中间和结尾。

开头部分,大家最熟悉,开头句式怎么把握,是你把握整个中心大方向,把握topic sentence主题句的关键,这个主题句不一定出现在文章的第一句,有可能隐藏在第二句、第三句中,这就是我们常说的首三句,我们要特别关注它,因为我们发现文章的问题,往往有时对应的是第一题,最爱从这里面出。

中间部分,虽然中间部分出现的细节比较多,但是它最多的是遵照这个文题,短文听力很多时候都是按照视听基本一致原则,就是听到什么选什么,但是中间部分也不是乱考你,它是有一定标志的,比如说一些标志性的信息词,之前讲过的转折关系标志词(but\however\otherwise etc.),最高级标志词,逻辑关系标志词(because\so\as\although\though\once\as long as\if\either or\neither nor etc.),这些词语一旦出现,后方的题目一定要听懂,因为答案可能就会出现在里面了。另外,这些标志词后面的句子,要主动划,因为四级听力,它不会当时问你问题,我们的问题都在后面,大家很难判断问题问的是什么,所以提醒大家,短文听力中,你的选项就是你的答案,你的选项就是你的问题。我们要边听边画,哪个选项是被完整的播读出来的,或者和被播读的句子是最大程度的吻合,那么这个选项就是正确答案,我们不必等最后问题的给出,如果你等了,你作对答案的机会反而小了。

最后是结尾部分,它也是常考的地方,结尾的1、2句话可以是大家记忆最为深刻的几句话了,因为它是这篇文章最后停留在我们记忆中的。那什么时候才是结尾呢?因为我们是在一个听的过程中,其实听力文章的后三句常常围绕题目中的最后一题,当你听到最后一题中某个选项的词语、句子在你耳畔响起,那就是后三句了,这时你需要精神高度集中,我们的答案就在这里了。

长对话理解,长对话中的一些考点分布、出题原则和短文听力非常相似,比如首末句考点形式、标志词考点形式和即听即所得原则等,也同样适用于长对话。不过,需要强调的是长对话毕竟还是对话形式,是一男一女、一问一答几轮的对话组合考题形式,所以除了以上的考点和原则外,还有问答模式,如果是一篇采访类的长对话,问话者的问题就是题目的问题,回答者的话就是答案。

复合式听写,首先来说单词部分,我们发现真题中在这年出现的单词过几年还会再出,有的以原型形式出现,有的变换了词性,所以我的建议就是历年真题的复合式听写的单词全部会写,包括它的各种词性的变化。那么在听第一遍的时候,尽量把这8个单词大概记下来,用速写或者只写开头1-3个字母的方法,只要自己认得就可以了。进入第二遍的时候,重点就转移到了后面的3个句子中,他们只要大概的意思跟原文当中的句子意思保持一致就可以了,听的过程当中哪怕知道它的中文大意,可在旁边注一下,回头翻译出来或者按照自己的话写出来也都不失为一种解题方法。第三遍是让考生们考漏补缺的,但是这时很多同学还是像在听第一遍或第二遍那样,在那里猛写、狂写、继续写,其实这也不可厚非,只要同学们能把

题目做对,在第几遍做什么也是无所谓的。切记!千万不能空着,不要过早放弃听音,哪怕你把听到的零散词语用你必然知道的语法知识组合起来,也是给分的。

听力平时的学习

以做真题为主,科学地利用之

距离考试还有一个多月的时间,这时候要以做真题为主,全真题是最科学、最权威的考前热身资料。这个冲刺阶段,同学们就不要再大量的做模拟题了,它的出题思路、考点分布、难易程度都不如历年真题来的更加贴切,从实际的效果看也并不好。从1989年1月份到2010年6月份,一年两次的真题,一共44套,其中2006年6月份是四级考试改革后的真题,利用真题做冲刺,尤其是听力部分,对你把握短对话、长对话中的各种场景,短文听力的篇章类型和考点分布,复合式听写的难易程度和单词范围都是具有十分重要也是非常有效的指导意思的。

而且做真题的时候,我们讲过要严格把守考试时间,听力部分2006年6月的题目是20分钟,之后的题目是35分钟,一气呵成,不要打断,听完之后再对答案。尽量的在平时练习过程中,给自己创造一个考试的氛围,要用科学的、严谨的态度来面对真题的训练。

(一)存在问题

听不懂。这恐怕是考生最大的问题了,很难说听懂了做不对的,虽然有,但是毕竟属于少数。为什么会存在这个问题呢?关键是输入信息的准确性和语速不对,造成理解有误。所谓信息准确性有误是指,学生听到的信息和原文读到的信息不属于同一信息。比如:把flour面粉误听为flower花;把wonder惊讶误听为wander漫步等等;

其次,所谓语速是指考生由于输入信息以后,还要经过一个汉语转译的过程,导致跟不上听力考试的节奏。还有一个问题就是,英语由于在没有表达完一个完整的内容之前,是不会停顿的。而汉语多需要停顿缓歇。由于这一习惯导致考生没有听完整,自己便先停下来,致使后面的信息漏听,从而对听力内容理解不完整。特别是放到长对话中,自然听不懂得就越多,因此这部分考生往往失分较多。

(二)解决办法

进行听写练习。考生可以用复读机来听写历年真题。放一句然后按一下幅度键,考生随即拿纸和笔进行听写练习。直到听写完整之后再按键进行下一句的听写练习。这样,最后把一年的听力真题听写下来之后,可以用彩色笔对照听力真题答案,把漏听、错听得都标记出来,在对照原文辨认。准确无误后,合上书本,可以在听写一遍。这样反复几次,你的听力就会提高很快。这个工作一开始很费时间,没有1-2个小时是拿不下来的。但是只要坚持不懈,一个月你的听力水平绝对会突飞猛进。

在这个过程中,考生还要做好以下工作。

第一,整理总结听力常考词汇;

第二,要加强单词的记忆工作;

第三,不停地磨耳朵,主要听真题。

第四,可以适当的进行口语纠音。因为发音的好坏会直接影响你的听力水平。

听力部分的分值在四级考试中占35%,录音播放时间在35分钟左右。如何在这“惊心动魄”的半小时中,有效把握信息点,是很多考生颇为头疼的问题。下面笔者就听力部分的三种题型来具体讲述听力题目的做题方法。

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