英语四级 汉译英常用分类词汇——中国文化

英语四级 汉译英常用分类词汇——中国文化
英语四级 汉译英常用分类词汇——中国文化

汉译英常用分类词汇——中国文化

概述general terms

集体主义collectivism

爱国主义精神patriotism

诚实守信honesty

公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality

弘扬主旋律,提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times while

encouraging diversity

全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign

社会公德,职业道德和家庭美德教育education in social and professional ethics and

family virtues

为人民服务serving the people

深入群众,深入生活go deep among the masses and into the thick of life

奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times

中华文明博大精深,源远流长。

The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound, and has a long history.

重要文化遗产major cultural heritage

优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts

自立于世界民族之林stand proudly in the family of nations

一、传统节日风俗文化

三节(中国的三天传统节日:端午节、中秋节和春节)

the three Chinese traditional festivals—Dragon-Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Spring Festival

1. 春节Spring Festival/ Chinese New Year

大扫除 year-end household cleaning

扎花灯焰火make ornamental lanterns and fireworks

烧纸钱burn paper coins/ burn paper money

烧香burn incenses in a censer

除夕New Year?s Eve

春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year)

年画

年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year?s Eve

压岁钱 New-Year Money/

money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift

爆竹firecracker

鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers

辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new ; ring out the old year and ring in the new

饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing)

拜年paying a New Year call

贺年片 New Year film

恭喜发财 May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best!

2. 元宵节 Lantern Festival

元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival)

庙会temple fair

观灯viewing the lanterns

灯谜lantern riddles

龙灯舞 dragon lantern dance

狮子舞lion dance

秧歌舞yangge dance

植树节 Tree-planting Day

3. 清明节Tomb-sweeping Festival/ Tomb-sweeping Day/ Ch’ing Ming Festival 扫墓 paying respect to the dead

《清明上河图》 A Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

4. 端午节 Dragon Boat Festiva l Duanwu Festival

赛龙舟dragon-boat race

粽子zongji/ glutinous rice wrapped in a pyramid shape dumpling in reed leaves

5. 七夕节Double-seventh Festival

6. 中秋节Mid-autumn Festival

赏月enjoying the full moon

月饼moon cake

团圆be united

7. 重阳节 Double-ninth Festival

登高hill climbing

饮酒wine drinking

赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum

吃糕eating cakes (糕与“高”谐音)

国庆节National Day

8. 冬至the winter solstice 冬至饭winter solstice dinner

9. 立春the Beginning of Spring/ early spring

10. 秋老虎autumn tiger

11. 芒种节Festival of Grain in Ear

12. 春分Rain Begins

13. 白露White Dew

14. 霜降Frost Falls

15. 小雪Slight Snow

放风筝图的是这一乐,所以说放晦气。

Kite-flying is just for fun, that?s why we call it …sending off bad luck?”.

办消寒会:hold a cold-dispelling party

二、饮食文化food/cuisine culture

烹饪culinary arts

美食节gourmet festival

中餐烹饪 Chinese cuisine

色,香,味俱全 perfect combination of color, aroma, taste and appearance

八大菜系eight schools of cuisine

四大菜系:山东菜,四川菜,粤菜,扬州菜

four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Canton cuisine and Yangzhou cuisine

南淡北咸,东甜西辣 the light southern cuisine, and the salty northern cuisine; the

sweet eastern cuisine, and the spicy western cuisine

八宝菜eight-treasure pickles (assorted walnut meats, asparagus, lettuce, almonds, cucumber and peanuts, etc. pickled in soy sauce)

八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding (glutinous rice steamed with preserved fruits, sweetened bean paste, lotus seeds, longan, etc.)

白斩鸡 tender boiled chicken (made by boiling a whole chicken in water and cutting into cubes, then dipping into seasonings)

臭豆腐 strong-smelling preserved bean curb

粉蒸肉 pork steamed with rice flour

狗不理包子Goubuli steamed buns

油条deep-fried dough sticks

风味小吃 local delicacy

腐竹rolls of dried bean milk cream

冷盘hors d?oeuvres

萨其马 Manchu candied fritter cut in squares

刀切,火候Cutting and Slicing Techniques , Heat Control

切片slicing 切条 cutting to strips

切丝shredding 切柳 filleting

切丁dicing 切碎 mincing

磨碎grinding

大/旺/武火 strong heat

中火medium heat

小/微/文火 gentle heat

烹饪方法cooking techniques

煎pan-frying 炒 stir-frying

爆quick-frying 炸 deep-frying

烩stewing 熏 smoking

煨simmering 煮 boiling

烘baking 烤 roasting

蒸steaming

红烧 braising (with soy sauce)

涮羊肉 hot-pot mutton dip-boiled mutton slices

羊肉串小摊 mutton barbecue stall

三、茶文化tea culture

禅宗Zen Buddhism 日本茶道Japanese tea ceremony

茶馆tea-house 看茶/献茶serve tea 沏茶brew tea 一碗茶a bowl of tea 一杯茶a cup of tea

茶具tea set 茶锅kettle 茶盘tea-tray 宜兴紫砂壶boccaro teapot

绿茶green tea

红茶red tea

乌龙茶oolong tea

黑茶dark tea

碧螺春Biluochun

黄山毛峰Huangshan Maofeng

六安瓜片Liu?an Guapian

安徽祁门红茶Qimen Black Tea of Anhui

云南滇红茶Dian Black Tea of Yunnan

云南普洱茶Pu?er Tea of Yunnan

菊花茶chrysanthemum tea

茉莉花茶jasmine tea

浓浓的姜茶strong ginger tea

龙井茶Longjing tea

女儿茶neur tea

蜜饯茶sweetened tea

贡茶choice tea

四、酒文化wine culture

杜康酒the Dukang Liquor

绍兴酒Shaoxing wine

烧酒hot spirits

橘酒orange wine

冷酒cold wine 暖酒warm wine

发压岁钱distribution of New-Year money

合欢宴family reunion feast

屠苏酒New-Year Wine

合欢汤happy-reunion soup

吉祥果lucky fruits

如意糕wish-fullfilment cakes

行酒令play a drinking game 划拳play a finger-guessing game

射覆play conundrums(谜)

摆酒接风arrange a feast of welcome/ prepare a feast for sb.?s home-coming

水酒掸尘prepare some watery wine by way of welcome

治酒饯行prepare a farewell feast

举酒送行offer sb. wine to see sb. off

奠酒pour a libation

五、服饰文化culture of costumes and ornaments

女子传统服装traditional clothes for women(ladies)

旗袍cheong-sam唐装Chinese-style costumes 立领 a stand-up collar

裙子skirt

紫色绣花绵裙pink embroidered silk skirt

髻/冕tiara 珠宝髻tiara (set) with jewels and pears

垂饰pendant 耳环ear pendants/ear rings

饰物habiliments 碧玉红带red belt with green jade

簪/钗pin赤金匾簪 a flat gold pin

串珠/项链necklace

手镯bracelets

戒指finger ring订婚戒指engagement ring 结婚戒指wedding ring

黄袍golden robe 蟒袍serpent-embroidered robe

长袍long gown 马褂mandarin jacket

盘领round necks 窄袖narrow sleeves 坎肩short tunic

中国不动地域和不同民族的服饰也各有特色。

The feature of Chinese clothing varies with areas and nationalities.

肚兜bellyband

头饰head wears

缠头decorate brocade round the head

绣花帽a cap with embroider

披风manteau 裤子trousers

红地毯red rug

高跟鞋high-heel shoes

绣花拖鞋embroidered slippers 靴子boots

宝玉穿着大红袄儿、白绫裙子。

Baoyu is wearing a red tunic and a white silk skirt.

好几个丫头都擦脂抹粉,簪花插柳。

A few maids are powdered and rouged with flowers or willow shoots in their air.

六、艺术美学arts and aesthetics

1. 戏曲文化culture of theatrical performance

戏剧表演theatrical performances

京剧脸谱Peking Opera mask

生male characters

旦female characters

净“painted face” character(role)

末middle-aged male characters

丑clown

红脸red face

黑脸black face

白脸white face

京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera

昆曲Kunqu opera

绍兴戏Shaohsing opera

川剧Sichuan Opera

《白色记》The White Serpent

《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West

相声crosstalk

单口相声monologue comic talk

双口相声witty dialogue

木偶戏shadow play puppets

独角戏monodrama; one-man play

皮影戏shadow play; shadow puppertry

折子戏opera highlights

戏剧小品skit

哑剧dumb show; mime; mummery; pantomime 口技vocal imitations; ventriloquism

说书monologue story-telling

杂技acrobatic performance

马戏circus performances

叠罗汉making a human pyramid

特技stunt

睬高跷stilt walk

2. 艺术及工艺arts and crafts

国画Chinese painting

漆画lacquer painting

版画engraving painting/woodcut painting

水彩画watercolor painting

水墨画 Chinese brush drawing; ink and wash painting

木刻画 wood engraving painting

贝雕画 shell carving picture

卖秸画 straw patchwork

壁画mural

泥塑clay sculpture

彩塑painted sculpture

释迦牟尼Sakyamuni

千手观音Guanyin with 1000 Hands

大足石刻Dazu Stone Sculpture

兵马俑the Terracotta Army

陶俑terracotta warriors

云冈石窟the Yungang Grottoes

莫高窟the Mogao Grottoes

龙门石窟the Longmen Grottoes

袈裟kasaya

雕刻carving

剪纸paper-cutting

刺绣embroidery

双面绣two-sided embroidery

木/石/竹刻 wood/stone/bamboo carving

漆器lacquer ware

宫灯palace lantern

皮影shadow puppet

蜡染batik

彩塑painted sculpture

陶器pottery; earthenware

宜兴陶 Yixing pottery

瓷器porcelain; china

景德镇瓷 Jingdezhen porcelain

景泰蓝 Cloisonné/ Jingtai blue

唐三彩Tang tri-colored pottery

泥人clay figurinr

面人dough figurine

檀香扇sandalwood fan

图章seal

拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions, pictures, etc. on stone tablets 拓片rubbing

微雕miniature engraving

象牙雕刻 ivory carving

篆刻seal cutting

方块象形文字the square-shaped pictographic character

毛笔the writing brush

3. 音乐music

中国风Chinese vogue

编钟chime bells

琵琶pipa

二胡erhu

唢呐suona

排箫panpipe

阮咸ruanxian

竖箜篌vertical konghou

五弦five-stringed instrument

羌笛qiang flute

七、智慧典籍wisdom and classics

1. 神话人物mythological figures

八仙the Eight Immortals

嫦娥Ch ang?e ( the Chinese moon goddess)

伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)

福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune , prosperity and longevity 共工God of Water

后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns ) 黄帝Yellow Emperor

夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)

女Goddess of Sky-patching

盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe)

神农Patron of Agriculture

禹Yu (the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty)

祝融God of Fire

2. 古代典籍famous ancient books

《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals

《史记》Historical Records

《诗经》The Book of Songs / Shijing

《书经》The Book of History

《易经》The Book of Changes / Yijing

《礼记》The Book of Rites

《周礼》The Book of Rites / Zhouli

《孙子兵法》Sunzi’s Art of War/ Sunzi Bingfa

《孙膑兵法》Sunbin’s Art of War/ Sunbin Bingfa

四书The Four Books

《大学》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean / Zhongyong

《论语》The Analects of Confucius / Lunyu

《孟子》The Mencius

《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《道德经》Classics of the Way and Virtue / Dao De Jing

《老子》Laozi

《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica

《资治通鉴》History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers

《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber

《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes; Water Margins

《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West

《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone) 《聊斋志异》Strange Tales from Make-do Studio/ Liaozhai Zhiyi

3. 其他

庄子Zhuangzi 无为non-action

墨子Mozi 不争non-contention

春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period

鲁国the State of Lu

战国时代the Warring States Period

先秦pre-Qin

大唐the Great Tang

丝绸之路the Silk Road

西域the Western Regions

飞天apsaras

壁画fresco

郑和下西洋Zheng He?s V oyages to the Western Seas

六艺:礼,乐,射,御,书,数six classical arts: rites, music, archery, riding, writing,

arithmetic

朦胧诗misty poetry

三字经three-character scripture

武侠小说tales of roving knights; martial arts novel; a kung fu

novel

言情小说romantic fiction; sentimental novel

八股文eight-part essay; stereotyped writing

五言绝句five-character quatrain

七言律诗seven-character octave

八、宗教religions

1. 佛教Buddhism

释迦牟尼 Sakyamuni

佛寺Buddhist temple

大雄宝殿the Great Buddha?s Hall

藏经楼depositary of Buddhist texts

金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra

素菜馆vegetarian restaurant

罗汉堂arhat hall

观音Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara

地藏God of Earth

四大金刚 Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple);Four Devarajas

四大天王 Four Heavenly Kings

因果报应karma

藏传佛教 Lamaism

《大藏经》 Tripitaka

转世灵童 reincarnated soul boy

喇嘛庙lamasery

2. 道教 Taoism

道观Taoist temple

道士Taoist priest

关帝庙temple of Lord Guan

3. 儒教 Confucianism

孔子庙Confucian temple

孔子Confucius

义,礼,智,信,忠,恕,孝,悌rightness, propriety, wisdom, trustworthiness,

loyalty, reciprocity, filial piety, brotherly love 学儿优则仕 A good scholar can become an official/ He who excels in study can follow an official career.

禅宗Zen Buddhism

不立别传,不立文字,直指人心,见性成佛。

There belief is passed on outside the religion

There is no reliance on written scripts

It go es straight into people?s minds.

One becomes a Buddha the moment

He sees his own Buddha nature.

4. 伊斯兰教 Islam

清真寺mosques

古兰经the Koran

5. 耶稣教 Christianity

耶稣基督 Jesus Christ

洗礼baptism

6. 天主教 Catholicism

天主教堂 Catholic church

九、家族文化

祖婆婆great-grandmother 太婆婆grandmother

祖爷爷great-grandfather 太爷爷grandfather

父亲father 母亲mother

儿女son and daughter

媳妇daughter-in-law 女婿son-in-law

孙子grandson 孙女grand-daughter

姑表孙女grand-nieces on the paternal sides(父亲那边的)

姨表孙女grand-nieces on the maternal sides(母亲那边的)

侄子cousin 亲戚relatives

远亲distant relatives 近亲close relatives

请安convey one?s respects to sb./ pay one?s respects to sb.

族长the head of the clan

宗祠the Ancestral Temple

家塾family school/ study hall 私塾private school

祖坟ancestral graveyard

无嗣remain heirless 领养的儿子adopted son 十、婚姻习俗(嫁娶有媒买卖有保)

婚姻marriage

把女儿嫁给他marry one?s daughter to him

与她结婚be married to her

未婚be unmarried/ be single

做媒arrange a match for/ make a match for

媒婆matchmaker

天生一对make a perfect match

婚姻六礼:six procedures of marriage

相亲(纳彩、问名)、定亲(纳吉、纳征)、成亲(请期、亲迎)

纳彩employ a matchmaker to send the wedding gifts to her family

问名ask her birth-date /ask her horoscope

纳吉divine(compare) the horoscopes of the betrothed couple

纳征offer betrothal gifts to the bride?s family

请期fix a date for the wedding

亲迎go and fetch the bride

聘礼betrothal gifts 嫁妆dowry

八人轿sedan-chair with eight bearers 花轿bridal sedan

吉时the auspicious hour 吉日the lucky day

新房/洞房bridal chamber

拜天地worship heaven and earth bow to heaven and earth

拜高堂worship the ancestors 拜父母bow to parents

夫妻对拜worship each other bow to each other

拜堂bow to each other

圆房consummate one?s marriage/ round off one?s marriage

坐床撒帐sit down on the bed and let down the curtains

点两只红烛light or burn two red candles

属相生日不对。The horoscopes don?t match.

摆酒请客invite guests to a feast

明堂正道地纳妾make her his concubine in proper style

十一、丧葬文化

棺材bier/ coffin

去了breathe one?s last

告丧announce the funeral

哭丧mourn/ kowtow and lament 哭号wail bitterly 铭旌funeral banner

上香添油burn incense and keep the lamps filled with oil

挂幔守灵hang up curtains and watch by the coffin

供饭供茶offer sacrificial rice and tea

随起举哀mourn with mourners

长生牌memorial tablet

守三年的孝observe three years? mourning

守孝be in mourning for

报丁忧report one?s father?s death/ report one?s mother?s death 十二、官职文化culture of official ranks

皇帝emperor

国王king

宰相prime minister

尚书high officials

兵部尚书Minister of War

吏部侍郎Vice-Minister of Civil Affairs

御史the rank of censor

学道commissioner of education

州县官district magistrate

社长warden

贵人your Noble Highness

侍郎vice-minister

节度使commander-in-chief

节度governor

巡抚governor

监生State Scholar

进士 a Palace Graduate/ Metropolitan Scholar 翰林academician

太监eunuch

将军general

英语四级高频单词

centr-center 中心 central a.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的(centr+al形容词后缀) ★centralization n.集中化(central中心的+ization→集中化) ★concentrate v.(on)集中,专心;浓缩n.浓缩物(con共同+centr+ate动词后缀→集中) concentration n.专心,专注;集中,集结;浓度(concentrate+ion名词后缀→集中) eccentric a.古怪的,怪癖的,异乎寻常的n.古怪的人(ec偏离+centr+ic形容词后缀→偏离中心的→古怪的) cern, cert, cret,crep-sure, separate搞清,区别 discern v.认出,发现;辨别,识别(dis分开+cern→分开搞清→区别) concern v.涉及,关系到v.&n.关心n.(利害)关系(con共同+cern→共同区别→关心) concerning prep.关于,论及 certain a.某,某一,某些;(of)一定的,确信的,可靠的(cert+ain形容词后缀→搞清楚的→肯定的) certainly

ad.一定,必定,无疑;当然,行 ascertain vt.确定,查明,弄清(as表强调+certain→确定) concert n.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致(con共同+cert→共同弄清楚→一致) certify vt.证明,证实;发证书(或执照)给(cert+ify动词后缀→弄清楚→证明) ★certificate n.证书;执照(certify+icate名词后缀→证明的东西→证书) discreet a.(言行)谨慎的;慎重的;有判断力的(dis分开+creet=cret→能把事物分开的→谨慎的) discrepancy n.相差;差异;矛盾;(dis分开+crep+ancy名词后缀→分开区别→差异) secret a.秘密的,机密的n.秘密(se分开+cret区别→分开来放→秘密的) character-trait性格,特征 character n.性格,品质,特性;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字 characteristic a.(of)特有的,独特的n.特征,特性(character+ris+tic形容词后缀) characterize

大学英语四级词汇大全

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