of_beauty_论美 培根 英汉
Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set; and surely virtue is best, in a body that is comely, though not of delicate features; and that hath rather dignity of presence, than beauty of aspect.美德好比宝石，它在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽；同样，一个打扮并不华贵却端庄严肃而有美德者是令人肃然起敬的。
Neither is it almost seen, that very beautiful persons are otherwise of great virtue; as if nature were rather busy, not to err, than in labor to produce excellency.And therefore they prove accomplished, but not of great spirit; and study rather behavior, than virtue.外表美丽的人，未必也具有内在的美。因为造物主似乎是吝啬的，他给了此就不再予彼。
所以许多容颜俊秀的人却不足为训，他们过于追求外形美丽而忽略了内心的美。
But this holds not always:for Augustus Caesar, Titus Vespasianus, Philip le Belle of France, Edward the Fourth of England, Alcibiades of Athens, Ismael the Sophy of Persia, were all high and great spirits; and yet the most beautiful men of their times.但是这也不全对：
因为奥古斯都、菲斯帕斯、菲力普王、爱德华四世、阿尔西巴底斯、伊斯梅尔等都既是大丈夫，又是美男子。
In beauty, that of favor, is more than that of color; and that of decent and gracious motion, more than that of favor.
That is the best part of beauty, which a picture cannot express; no, nor the first sight of the life.
There is no excellent beauty, that hath not some strangeness in the proportion.就形貌而言，自然之美要胜于粉饰之美，而优雅行为之美又胜于单纯仪容之美。
最高的美是画家所无法表现的，因为它是难于直观的，这是一种奇妙的美。虽然没有完美，但是有一些奇妙的可取点。
A man cannot tell whether Apelles, or Albert Durer, were the more trifler;whereof the one, would make a personage by geometrical proportions; the other, by taking the best parts out of divers faces, to make one excellent. Such personages, I think, would please nobody, but the painter that made them.
Not but I think a painter may make a better face than ever was; but he must do it by a kind of felicity (as a musician that maketh an excellent air in music), and not by rule.曾经有两位画家--阿皮雷斯和艾伯特丢勒滑稽地认为，可以按照几何比例，或者通过摄取不同人身上最美的特点，用画合成一张最完美的人像.
其实像这样画出来的美人，恐怕只表现了画家本人的某种偏爱。
美是很难制订规范的(正如同音乐一样)，创造它的常常是机遇，而不是公式。
A man shall see faces, that if you examine them part by part, you shall find never a good; and yet altogether do well.If it be true that the principal part of beauty is in decent motion, certainly it is no marvel, though persons in years seem many times more amiable;有许多的脸型，就它的部分看并不优美，但作为整体却非常动人。
有些老人显得很可爱，因为他们的作风优雅而美。
pulchrorum autumnus pulcher; for no youth can be comely but by pardon, and considering the youth, as to make up the comeliness. Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance; but yet certainly again, if it light well, it maketh virtue shine, and vices blush.有一句拉丁谚语说过：“暮秋之色更美。”而尽管有的年轻人具有美貌，却由于缺乏完美的修养而不配得到最好的赞美。美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的。世上有许多美人，他们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。因此，应该把美的形貌与美的德行结合起来。这样，美才会放射出夺目的光辉。
Of Study培根论读书原文+翻译
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse;and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。 Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。 Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are,like common distilled waters, flashy things. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。 Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。
培根论读书读后感
培根《论读书》读后感 姓名：赵雅琴 学号：2011134057 专业：2011级汉语言文学
力量之始，精神之源 ——培根《论读书》读后感有一份心情，我们从未停下脚步去追寻； 有一份梦想，我们从未放下翅膀去采撷。 读书之梦、之乐。关于读书，我们保存着心情，娱情，写实以记录精彩人生。 ——题记 “读书可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。”文章一开始就指出读书的目的。“消遣、装饰、增长才干”。犹如站立在一片浩瀚大海之前，我们张开双臂，拥抱清新空气与灿烂阳光。 弗朗西斯.培根，是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文作家，唯物主义哲学家，被马克思称为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖。”他不但在文学，哲学上多有建树，在自然科学领域内，也取得了重大成就。他是经历过生活坎坷磨难的贵族子弟，生活的磨难使他的思想成熟，言论深邃，富含哲理。她的整个世界观是现世的而非宗教的，她崇尚理性主义，是一位经验论者和现实主义者。 《论读书》是培根较为重要的作品之一，其中提出了读书的重要性等。其实一个学生似乎已然对读书这一名词并不陌生，而读书之好、之乐、之用，我们却如婴孩，仍在认识世界里处于感知阶段。 怎样去读书？培根在文章中将书籍比作食品，或浅尝、或吞咽、或仔细咀嚼、或请人代读，都是较为科学且蕴含哲学意味的方式了。 读书的重要性，培根则是较为重点的进行论述了。他指出：“读书可作为消遣，可作
为装饰，可增长才干。”实际静心、专心，莫不是如此！ 我们的世界里，书书本本并不是什么难见之物，似乎它们已是如同空气分子一般的存在。而我们，是不是有一份心情，一份追求去对待阅读呢？ 高尔基曾说过：“书籍是人类进步的阶梯”，林语堂也曾发文特指出阅读的好处，其实文人是应该最了解读书的好处的罢。“知识就是力量”“知识改变命运”等等关于知识，关于教育的口号，亦已显出读书作用了。 或许，我们读书，是为了它的作用，而更多的，这是一份关于人生漫步的幽静小道，不是么？生命之源，源于力量；力量之起，起于精神；精神之始，始于我们思想文化内涵，而读书则真如一片浩瀚之海，拥有无尽的能量了。
培根论读书三种译文及英文原文
精品文档 【原文】 Of Studies ——Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
培根论美读后感
培根论美读后感 本文是关于读后感的，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 培根论美读后感（一） 给我印象最深的，是《论美》。这是一篇关于“美”的经典之作，语言简洁，内涵深刻，充满哲理。”美”本身是个很广泛的问题，本文着重论述人应该怎样对待外在美和内在美的问题。世界上没有一个人是十全十美的，所以，不要抱怨自己外在的缺陷，只有内在的美才是永恒的美。美德重于美貌，把美的形貌与美的德行结合起来，美才能真正发出光辉。文中有这样一句话：”形体之美要胜于颜色之美，优雅行为之美又胜于形体之美。”形体是一个人的整体形象，体形。颜色指五官相貌，主要是脸部，是局部的。而行为之美，指举手投足的动作神态，是后天的，是内在美的折射表现，在三者中最高…… 如今，有些人只注重外表的美丽，而忽略了内在，他们虽然具有美貌，却由于缺乏优美的修养而不配得到赞美。所以一个打扮并不华贵却端庄严肃而有美德的人是令人肃然起敬的。因此，把美的形貌与美的德行结合起来吧。只有这样，美才会放射出真正的光辉。 培根论美读后感（二） 《论美》为英国十七世纪着名思想家，政治家和经验主义哲学家弗兰西斯·培根所写的一篇随笔。 在培根所写的数十篇随笔中，给我印象最深的，便是《论美》。这是一篇关于“ 美” 的经典之作，语言简洁，内涵深刻，充满哲
理。“美”本身是个很广泛的问题，本文着重论述人应该怎样对待外在美和内在美的问题 . 世界上没有一个人是十全十美的，所以，不要抱怨自己外在的缺陷，只有内在的美才是永恒的美。美德重于美貌，把美的形貌与美的德行结合起来，美才能真正发出光辉 . 当下，人们只注重美丽的外表，而忽略了内在。那些所谓的“美”徒具美好的外表，却缺乏内在的修养。与真正的美相比，就是暴发户与贵族的天壤之别。 感谢阅读，希望能帮助您！
论美教学设计
论美 一.教学目标： 1.了解培根的审美观，体味文章对美的论述，培养锤炼语言的意识。 2.品味美的内涵，能表达自己对美的理解。 3.学会在生活中发现美，识别美，创造美 教学流程： 一、导入新课，分享美 罗丹曾经这样说过：对于我们的眼睛，不是缺少美，而是缺少发现。的确，风华正茂的同学们，正值“美”的年龄，相信你们对美也有自己独到的认识，那么，别吝啬，将你慧眼发现的美说出来与大家共享吧！（学生畅所欲言） 看来，同学们眼中的美可真是无处不在,无时不有呀。那么怎样的美才算得上是真正的美呢,让我们请出一位对美有过资深研究的哲学家弗兰西斯?培根,英国唯物主义和现代实验科学的始祖,著名的哲学家，了解一下他在对美的诠释吧。 2.作者介绍 培根（1561～1626）是莎士比亚的同时代人，英国著名的唯物主义哲学家和科学家被尊称为哲学史和科学史上划时代的人物，被誉为“科学之光”“法律之舌”。马克思曾誉之为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”。《培根论人生》如：知识就是力量。《论真理》阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作与笔记使人精确。——《论学问》史鉴使人明智；诗歌使人巧慧；数学使人精细；博物使人深沉；伦理之学使人庄重；逻辑与修辞使人善辩。 二、初读课文，认识美 1、文章对美做了哪些论述，边读边圈写美的句子。 2、齐读写美的句子，写了几种美？由此，可以看出最高层次的美是哪一种美？ 参考：“形体之美要胜于颜色之美，而优雅行为之美又胜于形体之美” （行为之美，指举手投足的动作神态，是后天的，是内在美的折射表现，内在美重于外在美。所以在三者中最高）美德最美 3、作者是采用哪些论证方法论证“美德最美”这个观点的？请举例说明。 小组合作交流，全班交流。 明确：举例论证（“有许多脸型，就它的部分看并不优美，但作为整体却非常动人。”作者通过举例诠释，我们就懂得了这句话的意思：个体与一定的机遇和环境相适应，整体和谐，那就是美，人在遭逢场合中能过表现出相应的“优雅行为”，也就创造了美。） 比喻论证（“美德好比宝石，它在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。”作者用宝石打比方，说明一个人如果有了美好的德行，朴素的外表不仅不会有影响，而且会使这美好的德行更加可贵。） 对比论证（“有些老人显得很可爱，因为他们的作风优雅而美。”作者通过老人和年轻人的对比，进一步强调了美德最美。） 引用论证（拉丁谚语说过：“晚秋的景色是最美好的。”引用拉丁谚语说明有些老人因为具有丰富的内在修养而显示出不同寻常的成熟美。） 三.再读课文，梳理美 培根的随笔，都是劝世箴言之类的短文。黑格尔曾指出：“培根拥有丰富的阅历，高度的想象，有力的机智，透彻的智慧”“他的话常常被人家引为格言”下面就请同学们再读课文，选取你认为最精彩的一句话，说说理由。 格言：美德好比宝石，它在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。
《培根随笔》好句摘抄及部分赏析、读后感
《培根随笔》好句摘抄及部分赏析、读后感.txt让人想念而死，是谋杀的至高境界，就连法医也鉴定不出死因。。。。。。 论求知 求知可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。 当你孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。当你高谈阔论时，知识可供装饰。当你处世行事时，正确运用知识意味着力量。懂得事物因果的人是幸福的。有实际经验的人虽能够办理个别性的事务，但若要综观整体，运筹全局，却唯有掌握知识方能办到。 求知太慢会弛惰，为装潢而求知是自欺欺人，完全照书本条条办事会变成偏执的书呆子。 求知可以改进人和天性，而实验又可以改进知识本身。人的天性犹如野生的花草， 求知学习好比修剪移栽。实习尝试则可检验修正知识本身的真伪。 狡诈者轻鄙学问，愚鲁者羡慕学问，唯聪明者善于运用学问。知识本身并没有告诉人怎样运用它，运用的方法乃在书本之外。这是一门技艺。不经实验就不能学到。不可专为挑剔辩驳去读书，但也不可轻易相信书本。求知的目的不是为了吹嘘炫耀，而应该是为了寻找真理，启迪智慧。 有的知识只须浅尝，有的知识只要粗知。只有少数专门知识需要深入钻研，仔细揣摩。所以，有的书只要读其中一部分，有的书只须知其中梗概即可，而对于少数好书，则要精读，细读，反复地读。 有的书可以请人代读，然后看他的笔记摘要就行了。但这只限于质量粗劣的书。否则一本好书将象已被蒸馏过的水，变得淡而无味了！ 读书使人的头脑充实，讨论使人明辩是非，作笔记则能使知识精确。 因此，如果一个人还原做笔记，他的记忆力就必须强而可靠。如果一个人只愿孤独探索，他的头脑就必须格外锐利。如果有人不读书又想冒充博学多知，他就必定很狡黠，才能掩饰他的无知。 读史使人明智，读诗使人聪慧，演算使人精密，哲理使人深刻，伦理学使人有修养，逻辑修辞使人善辩。总之，“知识能塑造人的性格”。
培根《谈读书》双语对照
Of Studies 培根《谈读书》双语对照 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。 To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. 读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning (pruning) by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。 Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，
读后感-培根随笔《论美》读后感 精品
培根随笔《论美》读后感 篇一：培根随笔读后感1500字很多人都喜欢这个伟大的哲学家&;&;培根，但我却不!!我讨厌这个站在贵族立场与男权视角的培根，我讨厌这个工于心计、老于世故的培根，我讨厌这个拥有着功利主义思想、深谙于官场运作的培根!不过，前两天读了《培根随笔》后，我才发现了另一个与我想法完全不同的培根。 我看到他对哲学的执着，对政治的热衷，对生活的热爱，对理想的追求与对困难决不轻言放弃、自强不息的精神和态度。 我恍然明白：噢!原来还有这样一个培根!在这数十篇随笔中，《论美》给我留下了深刻的印象。 避开这文章中写的都是美、德兼备的男性帝王不说，这则是一篇关于美的经典之作。 它着重论述人应该怎样对待外在美和内在美的问题展开评述。 善犹如宝石，以镶嵌自然为美;而善附于美者无疑最美，不过这美者倒不必相貌俊秀，只须气度端庄，仪态宜人。 不错，形体之美要胜于颜色之美，而优雅行为之美又胜于形体之美。 因此我想，人的外表固然重要，但如果没有内涵，光有外表，只是一个躯壳，行尸走肉，又怎么能算得上是美丽呢?所以，人是因为可爱而美丽，而不是因为美丽而可爱。 读完这书后，我忽然想起，人是没有十全十美的，而且每个人的理想与信念不同，当然，所追求的事物和追逐的梦想也各不相同，不可把自己的喜好强加在别人身上，也不能依照自己的喜好来评判他人。 况且人是有两面的嘛!应多看看别人的优点，吸取精华之处来弥补自己的不足，为将来漫漫人生路打下坚实的基础。 一本好书可以使人明白一个道理，一本好书可以为人建造一条捷径，一本好书甚至可以改变人一生的命运!如同培根所说：读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩，不得不肯定，从某一方面来说，这是一本使人上进的好书!《培根随笔》是英国十七世纪著名思想家、政治家和经验主义哲学家弗兰西斯培根所著。 这位被马克思称之为英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖的科学
培根《论学习》翻译(中英对照)
OF STUDY STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be
(完整版)培根谈读书阅读答案
培根谈读书阅读答案 导语：狡黠者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，惟明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。下面是小编为你整理的谈读书阅读附答案，希望对你有帮助！ 谈读书阅读答案读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则非好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。狡黠者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，惟明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，味同嚼蜡矣。 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，作文使人准确。因此不常作文者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天资聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学 ————来源网络搜集整理，仅供个人学习查参考
使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，漫步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖此辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。 如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。 1．给文段划分层次，并概括每层的大意。 __________________________________________________________________ ___________________ 2．作者论述了读书的重要，为什么又说“不可尽信书上所言”？ __________________________________________________________________ ___________________ 3．加黑的句子用了什么修辞方法，有什么作用？ __________________________________________________________________ ___________________ 4．画直线的句子用了什么论证方法？用自己的话概括出这句的论点来。
培根论读书赏析
培根论读书赏析
T o B e a Full Man from Reading We all know that study can cultivate a man and even make a full man. A full man should have a positive view of world, life and value, which is usually based on a balanced knowledge system. And how can we obtain this necessary knowledge Of Studies is the answer to this question. In Bacon's essay Of Studies, reading piirposes and functions are discussed in detail. Bacon also analyzes the different attitudes to reading and introduces various methods of reading. Above all. Bacon tells us how to be a full man from reading. In the very beginning, Bacon points out that reading can serve for delight, for ornament. and for ability. We can see that reading has three functions. It delights you; it beautifies you; and it strengthens your ability. The author also says that their chief use for delight is in private life and retiring. That is to say, when you stay aione, book is your best com panion which eases loneliness and brings happiness. If you are really absorbed in the book, you may not feel lonely. *Tor ornament, is in discourse』When communicating or negotiating with others, knowledge learned from books can make you decent and educated. In other words. reading beautifies you in that occasion. "And for ability, is in the judgment and disposition/* Faced with affairs, an expert man can judge of particulars one by one. But to general people. he should act decisively. It means he can hold the whole situation and think out a plan. Where does this kind of ability come from Reading. If you read all kinds of books, you are able to taste what might not happen to you in real life, and then ask yourself what you would do in that situation. Reading helps you make fewer mistakes. For that, you can learn mistake exam pies from books so that you may make no mistakes when you are in the same situation. According to the essay, reading perfects peopk's nature. Tlie gold have no foot red, the person has no perfect person. Defects can be made up and reading is a superexceHent methods. Natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study, Reading ten thousand books is like traveling ten thousand miles. You can accumulate knowledge little by little and one day you may find yourself wiser than others. This wisdom is not born with you but acquired after years' effort. "Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested?*
培根名篇《 论读书》中英文标准对照
Of Studies by Francios Bacon S tudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them,won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and
培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏
培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏 阅读是我们获取知识的重要手段，下面是培根着名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书，并奉上另外两个版本的译文。对于好的书，可以多加研读，对于普通书籍，知其大意即可，就像在快速阅读中，阅读是弹性的，你可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。“有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通”—— 谈读书 ——王佐良译 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。 读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。 有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。 【原文】音频 Of Studies ——Francis Bacon
弗朗西斯.培根《论读书》Of-Studies(译文对比)
对比Of Studies的四种译文。哪种译文在风格上与原文更“切近”？你最喜欢哪一种？为什么？ OF STUDIES Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots, and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be, only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of book; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing, to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases; so every d efect of the mind may have a special receipt.