历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及答案
2000年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案
第一部分选择题
Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）
1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（）
A. more
B. little
C. less
D. gradual
2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（）
A. general dictionaries
B. monolingual dictionaries
C. both A and B
D. neither A and B
3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（）
A. morphologically motivated
B. etymologically motivated
C. semantically motivated
D. none of the above
4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（）
A. borrowing
B. semantic change
C. creation of new words
D. all the above
5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（）
A. generalized
B. expanded
C. elevated
D. degraded
6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（）
A. alternative morphs
B. single morphs
C. abstract units
D. discrete units
7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（）A. Italic
B. Germanic
C. Celtic
D. Hellenic
https://www.360docs.net/doc/f914555156.html,pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）
A. semantics
B. grammar
C. phonetics
D. lexicology
9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.（）
A. repetition
B. alliteration
C. rhyme
D. none of the above
10.Which of the following words is a functional word?（）
A. Often
B. Never
C. Although
D. Desk
11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.（）
A. semantic unity
B. structural stability
C. idiomatic variation
D. figure of speech
12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.（）
A. use idioms correctly and appropriately
B. understand idioms correctly
C. remember idioms quickly
D. try a new method of classification
13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.（）
A. long（not short）
B. ball（a dancing party）
C. rock（rock'n'roll）
D. ad（advertisement）
14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.（）
A. the influx of borrowing
B. repetition
C. analogy
D. shortening
15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?（）
A. Words and phrases.
B. Sentences
C. Text or passage
D. Time and place
第二部分非选择题
Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）
16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.
17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/f914555156.html,ELD is a ________________ dictionary.
19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.
20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.
Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）
A B
21.Scandinavian（） https://www.360docs.net/doc/f914555156.html,l（place where things are made）
22.Germanic（） B.grammatical
23.extension（） C.double meaning
24.narrowing（） D.Swedish
25.linguistic（） https://www.360docs.net/doc/f914555156.html,prehend/understand
26.ambiguity（） F.Dutch
27.participants（） G.degermined
28.difference in denotation（） H.pigheaded
29.appreciative（） I.non-linguistic
30.pejorative（） J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）
31.predict（）
32.motel（）
33.potatoes（）
34.blueprint（）
35.preliminaries（）
36.Southward（）
37.demilitarize（）
38.hypersensityve（）
39.retell（）
40.multi-purposes（）
Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）
41.acronymy
42.native words
43.elevation
44.stylistic meaning
45.monolingral dictionary
Ⅵ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）
46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.
47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.
48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context? Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）
49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection,
nationalist, unearthly
50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.
答案
2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案
Ⅰ.(30%)
1.A
2.C
3.A
4.C
5.A
6.A
7.B
8.D
9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D
Ⅱ.(10%)
16.transfer
17.OLD English
18.monolingual
19.semantically
20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic
Ⅲ.(10%)
21.D
22.F
23.A
24.J
25.B
26.C
27.I
28.E
29.G
30.H
Ⅳ.(10%)
31.bound root
32.（head+tail）blinding
33.inflectional affix/morpheme
34.a+n
35.full conversion
36.suffix
37.reversativ
38.prefix of degree
39.prefix
40.number prefix
Ⅴ.(10%)
41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.
42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.
43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.
45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary
in which entries are defined in the same language.
Ⅵ.(12%)
46.There are four types of motivation:
1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.
3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.
4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.
47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English;
英语词汇学及答案
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
英语词汇学_习题集2(含答案)
《英语词汇学》课程习题集 一、单选题 1. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four 3. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four 4. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”? A. ig- B. ir- C. il- D. im- 5. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality? A. books B. pigs C. horses D. expense 6. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense. A. naturalists B. anthropologists C. linguists D. conventionalists 7. According to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense. A. naturalists B. anthropologists C. linguists D. conventionalists 8. Most English words are _________ symbols. A. definite B. arbitrary C. infinite D. hereditary 9. From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words. A. nationalism B. anthropology C. linguistics D. motivation 10. Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words. A. onomatopoeic B. similar C. natural D. symbolic 11. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym 12. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym 13.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym 14. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym
2020年4月全国英语词汇学自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. There are ______ major classes of compounds. A. two B. for C. three D. five 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned. C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike. D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary. 3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______. A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic 4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______. A. addition B. position-shifting C. dismembering D. shortening 5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units 6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______. A. the growth of science and technology B. economic and political changes C. the influence of other cultures and languages D. all the above 7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C 8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? A. Stability B. Collocability. C. Productivity. D. National character. 1
英语词汇学第五章复习资料
第五章 词汇： reference n.所指 Concept n.概念 identical adj. 同一的；完全相同的 Motivation 理据 Onomatopoeic 拟声的 echoic 拟声的 morphological 形态的 opaque adj. 不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的 literal adj. 文字的；逐字的；无夸张的 figurative 形态的 associations 联想 Etymological 词源 monogamous 单配的 constant adj. 不变的 indeterminate 不确定的 archaic 旧的 Interjections 感叹词 overlaps n. 重叠部分 revealed v. 透露 要点： 一. 1.Reference –the relationship between language and the world.(cat,"she""annimal"ect.) ｛The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is a rbitrary and conventional. This connection is the result of generalization and abstraction. Although reference is abstract，yet with the help of context， it can refer to something specific. ｝
2.Concept–which beyond language, is the result of human cognition,reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It isn’t affected by language. Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical. Meaning belongs to language，so is restricted to language use. A concept can have as many referring expressions as there are language in the world. 3.Sense – (the meaning of meaning.) denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language. It is also abstraction. 二.Motivation-accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its mean ing. English does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent. Most words are non-motivated. The connection of the sign and meaning dose not have a logical explanation. 1.Onomatopoeic Motivation – the words whose sounds suggest their meaning. （Indicate the relationship between sound and meaning）. Knowing the sounds of the words means understanding the meaning. These words we created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. (For example，bang，ping-pang，crow by cocks，etc. ) Such echoic words are also conventional for the sounds we say in English may not be the same in other language.
(完整版)全国英语词汇学(00832)高等教育自学考试试题与答案
全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页
2000年至2012年全国自考英语词汇学试卷参考答案
参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分） 2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分） 3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分） 4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分） 5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics （文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。
全国英语词汇学(00832)高等教育自学考试试题与答案
英语词汇学试卷 第1页共9页 全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the stateme nts below is followed by four alter native an swers. Choose the one that best completes the stateme nt and put the letter in the bracket. 1. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______ . ( ) A . meaning B . Sound C . comb in ati on of sounds 2. The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.( ) (30% ) D . Group A . more slowly than C . more rapidly than B. As quickly as D . Not so quickly as
3. Words may fall into the basic word stock and non basic vocabulary by _____ . ( ) A . use frequency B. notion C. origin D. sound 4 . Rapid growth of scie nee and tech no logy breeds such new words as the follow ing EXCEPT _____ .( _________________ ) A . gree n revoluti on B . fast food C . moon walk D . space shuttle 5 . Sema ntic cha nge means an old form which takes on a new _____ t o meet the new n eed. A . form B . mea ning C . look D . pronun ciati on 6 . Revivi ng archaic words also con tribute to the growth of En glish vocabulary. For in sta nee, in American English “all" means ______ in British English.( ) A . four C . for B . fell D . autu mn 7 . The plural morpheme “s" is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT _____ . ( ) A . /t/ B . /g/ C . /p/ D . /k/ 英语词汇学试卷第2页共9页
英语词汇学第三章复习资料
第三章 词汇：morpheme 词素 morph 形素 monomorphenic words allomorph词素变体 discrete adj. 离散的，不连续的 identical adj. 同一的；完全相同的 derived words 派生词 Affixes 词缀 要点： 一. Morpheme —A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. （The smallest functional unit in the composition of words.） 二. 1.Morph-A morpheme must be realized by discrete(分散的) units. These actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning are morphs. 2.Monomorphenic words –morphemes are realized by single morphs. 3.Allomorph—Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position. Such alternative morphs are allomorphemes. E.g. the morpheme of plurality （-s） has a number if allomorphemes in different sound context 1).-s,/s/ 在/t,p,k/后；/z/在/d,b,g/后；/iz/在/s,z,shi,gi,chi/ change an internal vowel,foot-feet zero morph,deer-deer 2).-ed,/t/在/p,k/后；/d/在/m,n,ng,l/;/id/在/t,d/
自考英语词汇学复习大纲自己整理
11 C h a p t e r 1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word （he definition of a word comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language; (2) a sound unity; (3) a unit of meaning; (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） 1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional. A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form ： 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 p ol ysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 semantic-loans 借义词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点
自考英语词汇学 部分章节 重点归纳English Lexicology
《英语词汇学》（课程代码：00832）试卷结构 Chapter 5 Word Meaning(词的意义) Reference(所指关系) is the relationship between language and the world. Concept(概念)，which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition n. 认识；知识；认识能力, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. Sense(语义)denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense (not every word has reference) Motivation(词义理据)account for the connection between the linguistic(word) symbol and its meaning. Onomatopoeic motivation(拟声理据) words were created by imitating the nature sounds or noises. Morphological motivation(形态理据)compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.很多合成词和派生词都是这类， Semantic motivation(语义理据)refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(由字面义派生出来的引申义) Etymological motivation(词源理据) the meaning of many words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the history of the word explain the meaning of the word. Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships. Conceptual meaning also known as denotative meaning(外延意义), is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.
英语词汇学各章试题卷
英语词汇学试题 In troduct ion and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry （练习 1） 1. Each of the stateme nts below is followed by four alter native an swers. Choose the one that would best complete the stateme nt. 1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _______________ con struct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root 2. ______ is traditi on ally used for the study of the orig ins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Sema ntics B. Lin guistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 3. Moder n En glish is derived from the Ian guage of early ____ tribes. A. Greek B. Roma n C. Italia n D. Germa nic 4. Sema ntics is the study of meaning of differe nt ________ l evels: lexis, syn tax, uttera nee, discourse, etc. A. li nguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. sema ntic 5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user ' choices of lin guistic eleme nts in a particular ________ for special effects A. situati on B. con text C. time D. place 6. Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form meaning, origins and usages differe nee. and academic areas. 8. _______________ r efers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, scie nces, trades, and professi ons com muni cate among themselves. A. Sla ng B. Jarg on C. Dialectal words D. Argot 9 . ________ belongs to the sub-standard Ianguage, a category that seems to sta nd betwee n the sta ndard gen eral words in clud ing in formal ones available to every one and in-group words. A. Jarg on B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Sla ng 10. Argot gen erally refers to the jarg on of ______ .Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly un dersta nd it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policema n 11. ______ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in questio n. A. Argot B. Sla ng C. Jarg on D. Dialectal words of words, but they have a _____________ A . spell ing B. sema ntic 7. Terminology consists of _________ C. pronun ciati on D. pragmatic terms used in particular disciplines A. tech ni cal B. artistic C. differe nt D. academic