红对勾一轮复习讲与练第一章答案

红对勾一轮复习讲与练第一章答案

《讲与练》答案第一章从实验学化学

答案:1.(1)外(2)2/3 1/4 (5)灯帽 2.(1)1/3 略向下倾斜玻璃棒快干坩埚钳 (2)①碎瓷片②玻璃棒 3.零点玻璃容器药品砝码不可容量瓶一定物质的量浓度玻璃棒胶头滴管不宜不能酸式滴定管碱式滴定管漏液酸性、强氧化性碱性碱性酸性强氧化性 4.长颈漏斗漏斗滤纸液面下上长进短出碱石灰大小

答案:1.(1)镊子试管口纸槽纸槽底部(2)倒放手心玻璃棒胶头滴管量筒滴定管移液管 2.(1)烧杯试管振荡搅拌(2)浓H2SO4浓HNO3 3.(1)不聚成水滴成股流下(2)盐酸盐酸浓盐酸(加热) 盐酸酒精(或NaOH溶液) 氢氧化钠溶液(或酒精) 稀硝酸热的纯碱液 4.(1)漂白性氧化性(2)玻璃片蘸取溶液蒸馏水 5.(1)先下后上从左到右(2)a b 大进小出 c 答案:滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁滤纸低于漏斗口,液面低于滤纸边缘下口上口蒸馏烧瓶的支管

答案:1.(2)n(3)摩尔mol (4)n=N/N A 2.(1)6.02×1023 mol-1 (2)N A (3)mol-1

1mol氧这种说法正确吗?如何表示1 mol氧原子、1 mol氧分子、1 mol氧离子?

提示:使用摩尔作单位时,应用化学式(符号)指明粒子的种类,1 mol氧的说法不正确,因其没有指明是氧分子、氧原子还是氧离子。1 mol氧原子、1mol氧分子、1 mol氧离子分别表示为1 mol O、1 mol O2、1 mol O2-。

答案:2.M 3.g·mol-1kg·mol-1 4.相对原子(分子)质量 5.n=

m/M

摩尔质量与相对分子(或原子)质量相同吗?

提示:摩尔质量与相对分子(原子)质量是不同的两个概念。当质量以g作单位时二者在数值上相等,

但前者有单位,后者是相对值,可以认为单位为1,所以二者不能等同。

答案:1.数目距离大小(1)大小(2)粒子之间的距离 2.(1)温度和压强(2)L/mol L·mol-1 (3)0 ℃ 1.01×105 Pa 22.4 L/mol (4)温度压强 3.气体相同的分子数

标准状况下,1 mol气体的体积是22.4 L,当1 mol气体的体积是22.4 L时,一定是标准状

况吗?

提示:不一定,因为影响气体体积的因素是温度、压强两个条件,非标准状况下1 mol气体的体积也

可能是22.4 L。

将58.5 g NaCl溶于1 L水中,所得溶液的物质的量浓度是1 mol·L-1吗?

提示:不是,当NaCl溶于水后,溶液体积不再是1 L,故不可能是1 mol·L-1,但可以叙述为将58.5 g氯化钠溶于水得1 L溶液,则其浓度为1 mol·L-1。

答案:1.(1)100 g 质量(2)物质的量物质的量浓度 2.(1)玻璃棒(2)20.0 冷却500 2~3 胶

头滴管相切

配制480 mL、0.1 mol/L的CuSO4溶液,需称取CuSO4·5H2O的质量是多少?

提示:12.5 g。容量瓶的主要规格有100 mL、250 mL、500 mL、1 000 mL,没有480 mL的容量瓶,

要配制480 mL溶液,必须选择500 mL的容量瓶,故需称取CuSO4·5H2O的质量为:500×10-3L×0.1 mol/L

×250 g/mol=12.5 g。

《讲与练》答案第一章从实验学化学

答案:1.(1)外(2)2/3 1/4 (5)灯帽 2.(1)1/3 略向下倾斜玻璃棒快干坩埚钳 (2)①碎瓷

片②玻璃棒 3.零点玻璃容器药品砝码不可容量瓶一定物质的量浓度玻璃棒胶头滴管

不宜不能酸式滴定管碱式滴定管漏液酸性、强氧化性碱性碱性酸性强氧化性 4.长

颈漏斗漏斗滤纸液面下上长进短出碱石灰大小

答案:1.(1)镊子试管口纸槽纸槽底部(2)倒放手心玻璃棒胶头滴管量筒滴定管移

液管 2.(1)烧杯试管振荡搅拌(2)浓H2SO4浓HNO3 3.(1)不聚成水滴成股流下(2)盐酸

盐酸浓盐酸(加热) 盐酸酒精(或NaOH溶液) 氢氧化钠溶液(或酒精) 稀硝酸热的纯碱液 4.(1)漂白性氧化性(2)玻璃片蘸取溶液蒸馏水 5.(1)先下后上从左到右(2)a b 大进小出 c 答案:滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁滤纸低于漏斗口,液面低于滤纸边缘下口上口蒸馏烧瓶的支管

答案:1.(2)n(3)摩尔mol (4)n=N/N A 2.(1)6.02×1023 mol-1 (2)N A (3)mol-1

1mol氧这种说法正确吗?如何表示1 mol氧原子、1 mol氧分子、1 mol氧离子?

提示:使用摩尔作单位时,应用化学式(符号)指明粒子的种类,1 mol氧的说法不正确,因其没有指

明是氧分子、氧原子还是氧离子。1 mol氧原子、1mol氧分子、1 mol氧离子分别表示为1 mol O、1 mol O2、1 mol O2-。

答案:2.M 3.g·mol-1kg·mol-1 4.相对原子(分子)质量 5.n=

m/M

摩尔质量与相对分子(或原子)质量相同吗?

提示:摩尔质量与相对分子(原子)质量是不同的两个概念。当质量以g作单位时二者在数值上相等,

但前者有单位,后者是相对值,可以认为单位为1,所以二者不能等同。

答案:1.数目距离大小(1)大小(2)粒子之间的距离 2.(1)温度和压强(2)L/mol L·mol-1 (3)0 ℃ 1.01×105 Pa 22.4 L/mol (4)温度压强 3.气体相同的分子数

标准状况下,1 mol气体的体积是22.4 L,当1 mol气体的体积是22.4 L时,一定是标准状

况吗?

提示:不一定,因为影响气体体积的因素是温度、压强两个条件,非标准状况下1 mol气体的体积也

可能是22.4 L。

将58.5 g NaCl溶于1 L水中,所得溶液的物质的量浓度是1 mol·L-1吗?

提示:不是,当NaCl溶于水后,溶液体积不再是1 L,故不可能是1 mol·L-1,但可以叙述为将58.5 g氯化钠溶于水得1 L溶液,则其浓度为1 mol·L-1。

答案:1.(1)100 g 质量(2)物质的量物质的量浓度 2.(1)玻璃棒(2)20.0 冷却500 2~3 胶

头滴管相切

配制480 mL、0.1 mol/L的CuSO4溶液,需称取CuSO4·5H2O的质量是多少?

提示:12.5 g。容量瓶的主要规格有100 mL、250 mL、500 mL、1 000 mL,没有480 mL的容量瓶,

要配制480 mL溶液,必须选择500 mL的容量瓶,故需称取CuSO4·5H2O的质量为:500×10-3L×0.1 mol/L

×250 g/mol=12.5 g。

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