指示代词和不定代词
指示代词：表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。
说明1：指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：
(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）
(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）(错)He is going to marry this. （this作宾语时不能指人）
(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)
说明2：
That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
(错) He admired that who danced well. （that作宾语时不能指人）
(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those 指物）
( ) 1 Who's that at the door? ____ is the postman.
A. She
B. This
C. It
D. He
( ) 2 -Who's that in the picture? A. It's me B. That's I C. This is a boy D. It's I
( ) 3 -Look, who is coming? -___ must be our English teacher.
A. She
B. He
C. It
D. This
( ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can____ be?
A. one
B. he
C. she
D. it
( )5___ was late summer and the weather was very hot.
A. That
B. It
C. This
D. It's
( ) 6. What time is ____ now?
A it B. all C. this D: that
( ) 7.___ a heavy rain last night.
A. There had
B. We had
C. It was
D. There is
( ) 8. ___ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.
A. There
B. It
C. This
D. The place
8、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。
※注：复合不定代词有12个：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).
(1)some和 any 的用法：
some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我
有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那
儿)
some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didn’t have any friends here.
(他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)
any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)
(2)no和none的用法：
no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书
可以出借)
none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里)/ I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的)
(3)all和both的用法：
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。
both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)
all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮)
(4)every和each用法：
every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；
each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前
every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干)
(5)either和neither的用法：
either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。
neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行)/ --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)
(6)other、the other和another的用法：
other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：
Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？) / I want another four books.(我还要四本书)
another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如：This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)
others与the others的主要区别：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；
the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)
(7)many和much的用法：
many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I don’t have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多)
many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如：There are
a lot of people on the playground.(操场上有许多的人)/ They haven’
t got much work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做)/ There are too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。)
(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：
few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little 意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：
He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。)/ Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)
(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything,
everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing构成的,
叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything,
anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,丽丽,门外有人。) /Di(每个人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗？)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)
(10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形
容词、指示代词、which等。如：Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？ / I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些)
(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如：I don’t think so.(我
认为不是这样的。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,
我也是。)
(12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal
of、plenty of的区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数
形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可
以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时
谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)
可以换为much。
如：A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。)/ I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。)/ I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)
(13)none、no one、nobody的区别：no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,
仅指人,后面不跟of短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有
一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用
单数也可用复数。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) / None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来
看我。)
9、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。
each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other 表示两者之间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如：We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。)
( ) 1. He and she are exactly as tall as____.
A. themselves
B. them
C. their
D. each other
( ) 2. People usually put small presents in ____ stocking on Christmas Eve.
A. each other
B. each others
C. each other's
D. each others'
( ) 3. The students often help___.
A.one the other
B. each the other
C. one another
D. two another
( ) 4.There are shops on _____ side of the street.________ of them do not close till
12 at night.
A. both; All
B. every; None
C. either; Some
D. other; Many
( ) 5 .The boy runs faster than_______ in his class.,
A. any of the boy
B. any boys
C. any other boy
D. all the boys
( ) 6 .Tom is stronger than ___ in his class.
A. any students
B. other student
C. any other student
D. any other students
( ) 7. There is not ___ meat in my bowl. There is ____ chicken in it.
A. some; any
B. any; some
C. any; any
D. some; some
( ) 8. -I have forgotten my bread.
-Never mind, you can have____.
A. some of us
B. some of our
C. some of ours
D. many of ours
( ) 9 .-Is there ___ tea in' that green cup?
-Yes, there is____.
A. the; some
B. any; any
C. some; any
D. any; some
( ) 10. Could you do___for me, please?
A.everything
B.nothing
C. something
D. anything
( )11. The bottle is empty. There is___ in it.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
( ) 12. -Turn off the TV, Betty. ____ is watching it.
-Oh, no. Mum. I'm watching it now.
A. somebody
B. Nobody
C. Everybody
D. Anybody
( ) 13. -Did you find ___ in the room?
-No, we found ___ there.
A. anybody; nobody
B. somebody; everybody
C. anybody; somebody
D. everybody; anybody
( ) 14. I have a lot of work to do. 1 have___ time to play.
A. not
B. any
C. no
D. some
( ) 15 .As we know, he is___fool.
A. not
B. no a
C. not an
D. no
( ) 16 .I asked him for some oil, but he hadn't ___.
A. some
B. any
C. anything
D. no
( ) 17. ___ of the four roads will take you to the hospital.
A. Neither
B. Either
C. Both
D. Any
( ) 18. Would you lend me of your money? "
A. some
B. lot
C. a few
D. any
( ) 19. Would you like___more coffee?
A. little
B. any
C. some
D. another
( ) 20. -Have you any books on radio?
-I'd like to borrow ___.
A. those
B. some
C. them
D. it
( ) 21. Listen to me. I have____ to tell you.
A. anything new
B. something new
C. new something
D. nothing new
( ) 22.By the way, is there ____ in today's newspaper?
A. something new o
B. anything new
C. new something
D. new anything
( ) 23 Please be quiet. I have___ to tell you.
A. important something
B. nothing important
C. important anything
D. something important
( ) 24 I'm not busy. I haven't ____ to do.
A. something
B. everything
C. nothing
D. anything
( )25 ____ has happened, I want you to tell me about it.
A. Something
B. Everything
C. Anything
D. Nothing
( ) 26.Yesterday morning ___ boy broke into the garden.
A. any
B. some
C. many
D. much
( ) 27 ___ twenty boys were playing football at that time yesterday.
A. Each
B. Some
C. No one
D. Neither
( ) 28 Now I have ______ questions. Let's go to ask our teacher.
A.any
B. much
C. some
D. a lot
( ) 29 If you like these apples, you can take_____.
A. any
B. a lot
C. that .
D. this
( )30I will do____for my motherland.
A. anything
B. many
C. much
D. something
( ) 31 -Did they find ___ in the park?
-No, they found____there.
A. anybody; nobody
B. somebody; everybody
C. anybody; somebody
D. everybody; anybody
( ) 32 I don't know_____ of these people, for they are new workers.
A. any
B. some
C. one
D. much
( ) 33 He didn't take ___ one. They are all here.
A. many
B. any
C. a little
D. that
( ) 34. 1 haven't read____ of the books.
A few of the books are too difficult for me to read. A. any B. some C. two D. both ( )35. Can I have___bottle of orange, please?
A. another
B. other
C. others
D. the others
( )36. There are forty-four students in Class One. Nineteen of them are boys,___ are girls.
A. the other
B. the others
C. others
D. some others
( ) 37. Mr Smith has two sons. ____ is a soldier, ___ is a doctor.
A. One; another
B. One; other
C. This; the other
D. One; the other
( ) 38.There are many people in the park now. Some are boating. ____ are walking along the lake.
A. the other
B. other
C. the others
D. others
( ) 39.The glass is broken. Go and get____ .
A. other
B. another one
C. .others
D. the other
( ) 40. I borrowed two books. ____ is in English, and____ is in Chinese.
A. It; another
B. One; another
C. The one; another
D. One; the other
( ) 41. _____ of them has an English dictionary.
A. Every
B. All
C. Both
D. Each
( ) 42 .There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand.
A. both
B. all .
C. every
D. each
( ) 43. I didn't know that you___would___there.
A. be; all
B. all; be
C. are; all D: all; are
( ) 44. -Are these two books interesting?
-Yes, ____ of them are interesting.
A. both
B. all
C. either
D. neither
( ) 45. He couldn't make himself understood because ___ of us knew what he said.
A. none
B. no
C. nobody
D. not
( ) 46. I didn't like the cross talk. ____ of the actors was funny.
A. Both
B. All
C. Neither
D. Either
( ) 47. _____ of them is good at singing.
A. Both
B. All
C. No one
D. Neither
( ) 48. -Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk?
-____, thanks. I think I'll just have a glass of water.
A. None
B. Neither
C. Both
D. Either
( ) 49. -How many monkeys did you see in the zoo?
A. Never
B. None
C. No one
D. Nothing
( )50. We should speak English as___ as possible.
A. many
B. much
C. few
D. lot
( )51. It's going to be a busy day today. I have____ work to do.
A. a hard
B. a lot
C. many
D. much
( ) 52.The boy has eaten two bananas already, but he wanted___.
A. a few more
B. few more
C. a little more
D. little more
( )53. Do you eat ____ fruit and vegetables?
A. many
B. more
C. a lot
D. a lot of
( ) 54. I didn't get any letters yesterday, but there were____ this morning.
A. a little
B. few
C. little
D. a few
( ) 55.The film isn't interesting. ___ people like it.
A. Few
B. A little
C. A few
D. Little
( ) 56. She can speak ___ English now.
A. a little
B. a few
C. many
D. few
( ) 57. Hurry up! There is____ time left.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
( ) 58. Sorry, I can't answer your question. I know____ about the subject.
A. a little
B. little
C. few
D. a few
D A D D B A B B
D D D D D
D B D D D
D B A D D
B D A D B
B B D D A
B B D A A
A B B B A
B D D B D
D D B A A
D D B B B
D A D D A
A D B
初中代词用法归纳_人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词x
代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词。 一．人称代词： 代替具体人名的词叫人称代词。它有一、二、三人称与单数、复数及性别之分，还有主格与宾格之分。 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化： （1）Who’s Kate? 凯特是谁？ She’s my friend. 她是我的朋友。 注：she代替上文中的Kate，而不能再用Kate来重复回答：Kate is my friend. （2）Li Lei is a boy. He’s twelve. 雷是个男孩，他十二岁。 注：he代替前句中的雷。 （3）Look at that bird. It is Polly. 看那只鸟，它是波利。 注：it代替前句中的that bird。 （4）Who’s it?（门外有敲门声）谁呀？It’s me. 是我。 人称代词的用法 ★1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。 例如：He is student. 他是一个学生。 ★2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语.) 例如： I saw her with them at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语） -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？-- Me. --我。（me做主语补语= It's me.）难点：主格和宾格的区别用法 主格做句子主语，而宾格作为动词或者介词的宾语。(动宾结构或者介宾结构) 例如：Give it to me. （宾格）
过去分词、现在分词练习题及答案
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2. The girl dressed in white is my daughter. ( 过去分词短语作 定语) 3. Is there anything unsolved? There is nothing changed here since I left this town. (如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one 所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面) 4. This is a state-owned factory. This is a newly built building. Advertising is a highly developed industry. (单个过去分词与名词或副词构成复合形容词时，放在其修饰 的名词前作前置定语) 三、宾语补足语：可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有： 1）see, hear, find, feel, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词He found his hometown greatly changed when he came back from abroad. He once heard the song sung in German. Everyone thought the match lost. 2) make, get, have, keep 等表示“致使”意义的动词： He’s going to have his hair cut. She had her foot injured in the fall. When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.
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