2017年虹口区初三二模试卷+答案

2017年虹口区初三二模试卷+答案
2017年虹口区初三二模试卷+答案

2017 年虹口区初三二模语文试题

一、文言文(40 分)

(一)默写(15 分)

1、欲把西湖比西子,__________________________ 。(《饮湖上初晴后雨》)

2、__________________________ ,为伊消得人憔悴。(《蝶恋花》)

3、山河破碎风飘絮,__________________________ 。(《过零丁洋》)

4、_______________________________ ,盖以诱敌。(《狼》)

5、复行数十步,______________________________ 。(《桃花源记》)

(二)阅读下面的诗,完成6—7题。(4 分)

山居秋暝

空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。明月松间照,清泉石上流。

竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。

6、诗中“随意”的意思是______________________________________ 。(2 分)

7、下列说法恰当的一项是()(2 分)

A.“空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。”表现了秋雨初晴薄暮时分的空气清新怡人。

B.“竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟”有声有色的突出了山居村民生活淳朴欢快。

C.“明月松间照,清泉石上流”以动衬静地描绘了山间月夜景色幽静雅致。

D.“随意春芳歇,王孙自可留”寄托诗人洁身自好,清雅庄重的君子情怀。

(三)阅读下文,完成第8-10 题(9 分)陈胜者,阳城人也,字涉。吴广者,阳夏人也,字叔,陈涉少时,尝与人佣耕,辍耕之垄上,怅恨久之,曰:“苟富贵,无相忘。”佣者笑而应曰:“若为佣耕,何富贵也?”陈涉太息曰:“嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!”

8、选文出自课文《___________ 》,作者__________ 。(2 分)

9、用现代汉语翻译文中画线句。(3 分)

若为佣耕,何富贵也?

10、下列对选文理解有误..的一项是()(4 分)

A.介绍陈涉的身世,表现了他胸怀大志,不甘平庸。

B.“苟富贵,无相忘”表现出对陈涉重感情. 讲义气。

C.陈涉的“太息”,表达了他对佣者的同情和怜悯。

D.本段文字为下文陈涉谋划和领导起义埋下了伏笔。

(四)阅读下文,完成第11-13 题(12分)

明末兵乱,时曾伯祖①年方十一,被掠至临清,遇旧客作②李守敬,以独轮车送归.。崎岖戎马之间,濒危者数,终不舍去也。时太夫人,酬以金。先顿首谢,然后置金于案曰:“故主流离,心所不忍,岂为求赏来耶?”泣拜而别,自后不复再至矣。守敬性戆直,客作中有作奸者,辄奋起力争,故为众口所排③去,而患难之际,不负其心仍如此。

(选自《阅微草堂笔记》【注释】①曾伯祖:纪昀(纪晓岚)的曾祖父。②客作:雇佣的工人。③排:排挤。

11、解释句中加点词(4 分)

(1)以独轮车送归.()(2)终不舍.去也()

12、“时太夫人在,酬以金”是因为李守敬_________________________________________________ ;

而李守敬“置金于案”是因为________________________________ 。(用自己的话回答)(4 分)

13、文中说李守敬“性耿直”,其“憨直”的具体表现是_____________________________________ ,

作者这么写的原因是___________________________________________________________ (4 分)

、现代文(40分)

一)阅读下文,完成14—18题(20 分)

纳木错为什么越变越大

①纳木错是西藏“三大圣湖”之一,背靠南部的念青唐古拉山脉。纳木错湖面海拔4718 米,东西长约70 千米,南北宽约30千米,面积达1980 平方千米,它是世界上海拔最高、面积最大的咸水湖。

②自本世纪以来,居住在纳木错湖畔的牧民们发现,纳木错的湖水在一点一点向他们的居住地靠近,导致很多牧民的家园被湖水淹没,他们只好举家搬迁到更高的地方居住。

③中科院纳木错综合观测站的工作人员发现,在

1970~2009 年的近40 年时间里,纳木错的水位上涨了7 米,湖面海拔从4718 米变成现在的4725 米,整个湖水增加近140 亿立方米。纳木错湖水为何会突然上涨?那些增加的水是从哪里来的?

④人们首先想到就是“全球变暖” 。气候变暖使得气温升高,导致湖水蒸发量加大,最终造成湖水水位下降。按照这个推理,纳木错湖水的水位应该是下降的,为什么实际情况却是完全相反的呢?

⑤研究人员认为,如果是在内陆,上面提到的这种..思.路.也许完全正确;但这里是高原,纳木错是世界上海拔最高的咸水湖,影响湖水水位上升的因素包含全球气候变暖,但并不能单纯地去考虑大气这一个因素,而是要综合考虑影响水循环的各个可能因素。

⑥在西藏地区,全球变暖导致的最为显著的变化就是冰川融化。在纳木错周围,有很多白皑皑的雪山,这些雪山实际上就是冰川。比较著名的冰川有西布冰川、扎当冰川、拉弄冰川、爬努冰川等。这些冰川每年都在融化,向下游补给水源,又在每年冬天的时候通过降雪补充冰川的消融量,最终形成一种动态平衡。然而,随着全球气候变暖的加剧,这种动态平衡被打破,冰川融化速度加快,而冰川通过降雪所获得的补给量远远少于融化量。这样一来,冰川不断退缩,冰川融化的水大部分注入纳木错湖中,最终造成湖水水位上涨。

⑦另外,纳木错周边地区的海拔高度基本都在4000 米以上,属于高寒地区,地表在常年低温的作用下形成一层厚厚的冻土。这些冻土在低温状态下,长期以冰的形态存在。气温升高后,特别是冬季

气温加快上升,冻土层厚度减小,甚至很多多年累积下来的冻土和冰层都开始融化。这些融化的水也会注入地势较低的纳木错湖中,造成湖水水位上涨。

⑧既然全球气候变暖会导致水体蒸发量加大,那么纳木错的湖水蒸发是否受此影响呢?研究表明,蒸发是一个受多种因素影响的气象要素,伴随气温的升高,水体的蒸发量不一定随之增加,它还与云量、日照、辐射等因素密切相关。根据科学院的研究分析,在水位上涨的那几年,纳木错地区的云量,特别是低云量增加了,但纳木错地区的蒸发量相比之前反而减少了。这意味着,蒸发量的减少也是造成纳木错水位上升的一个原因,但与冰川和冻土对湖水水位的影响相比,这一因素要弱得多。

⑨因此,关注气候、关注我们居住的地球,意义非常重大。

14、第①段从_________ 、 _________ 、湖面面积、湖面性质等四个方面介绍了纳木错湖。(4 分)

15、第③段划线句子运用_____________ 和作比较的说明方法,其作用是 _______________________

(。4 分)

16、从全文看,文章的第⑦段和第⑧段的顺序能不能调换?请说说理由。(5 分)

17、下面对本文内容理解不正确的一项是()(3 分)

A.纳木错周围冰川融化量增大,造成水位上升。

B.纳木错湖水的水位升高与“全球变暖”无关。

C.纳木错周边地区的冻土和冰层融化,造成水位上升。

D.____________________________________________________ 在水位上升那几年,湖水的增发量减少造成纳木错水位上升。

18、第⑤段加点部分“这种思路”指的是_____________________________ ,段中的“但是”隐含的是第二种思路,推测作者的第二种思路是 ____________________________________________ 。(4 分)

(二)阅读下文,完成19-23 题。(20分)

儿女总是父母的作品

王安忆

①天下的母亲都爱操心,我妈妈是天下母亲中最爱操心的母亲。在她眼里,我们儿女全是还没孵出蛋壳的鸡,她必须永远孵着我们。

②妈妈时常辅导我们功课,尤其是算术,她不希望我们去搞文科,而要我们搞理工科。她明白理工科的基础,在小学里便是算术了。有一次,临近大考,她辅导我“换算”。她一定要问我:“一丈等于多少米?” 我说:“老师只要我们知道一米等于多少市尺就行了。”可是,妈妈说:“万一有一道题目是一丈等于多少米,你怎么办呢?”她的逻辑是对的,我想不出任何道理来反驳,于是便只能无奈地跳脚了。

③其实,她辅导我语文恐怕更合适一些,可她并不辅导,只管制我读书。第一次看《红楼梦》是在我小学四年级,妈妈把那些不适于我读的地方全部用胶布贴了起来,反弄得我好奇得难熬,千方百计想要知道那胶布后面写的是什么。

④后来,我和姐姐先后去插队,终于离开了家,可我们却像风筝,飞得再高,线还牢牢地牵在妈妈手里,她时刻注意我们的动向。后来,我到了一个地区级文工团拉大提琴,妈妈凡是路过那里,总要

下车住几天。有一次,我告诉她,我们去了一个水利工地演出,那里有一座大理山,有许多大理石等等。妈妈便说:“这是个散文的意念,你可以写一个散文。”这时候,我已年过二十,大局已定,身无所长,半路出家的大提琴终不成器。妈妈在我们身上寄托的理工之梦早已破灭,又见我一人在外,饱食终日,无所事事,反倒生出许多无事烦恼,便这么劝我了。之后,闲来无事,写成一篇散文,不料想这成了我第一篇印成铅字的作品,给了我一个当作家的妄想。

⑤于是,我便开始舞文弄墨,每一篇东西必须妈妈过目,然后根据她的意见修正,才能寄往各编辑部,再次聆听编辑的意见,再次修正。她比编辑严格得多,意见提得极其具体、细微。我常有不同意之处,可是总不如她合乎逻辑,只好心服口服地按照她做了。

⑥然后,我去了北京讲习所,风筝的线仍然牵在她手里,每一篇东西总是先寄给她看。不过,与先前不同的是,妈妈同意让我听了编辑部的意见以后,再考虑她的意见。这时,我如同闸门打开,写得飞快,一篇连一篇,她实在有些应接不xi á了。终于有一天,她紧接一封谈意见的信后又来了一封信,表示撤销前封信,随我去了。风筝断了线,没头没脑地飞了起来,抑或能飞上天,抑或会一头栽了下来,不过,风筝自己也无须有什么怨言了。这后一封信是在我爸爸的劝说下写的,爸爸劝妈妈不要管我,随我自己写去。这是爸爸对我们的一贯政策,他对我们所有的担心只有一点,就是过马路。出门必须说一句:“过马路小心!”其他都不管了。似乎普天下只有过马路这一危机,只要安全地穿过马路,人平安无事地在,做什么都行,什么希望都有。

⑦长大以后,说话行事,人家夸,总夸“你爸爸妈妈教养得好。”有所不满,总说:“给你爸爸妈妈宠坏了。”似乎,对于我们,自己是一点功绩也没有的。或许也对。

⑧小时候,我喜欢画画,画的画也颇说得过去,可无奈大人要我学外语,请来老师,一周三次上英语课。只能应付。到了末了,连敷衍也敷衍不下去了,只得停了课。如今,我每周两次,心甘情愿地挤半小时汽车,前往文化宫学习英语,苦不堪言地与衰退的记忆力搏斗着,不由想,假如当年,父母对我拳棒相加,也许这会儿早能看懂原版著作了。再一想,假如当年,大人听顺我的志趣,或许现在也能画几笔了。倒是这样似管非管,似不管也非不管,弄出了一个做小说的梦。想来想去,儿女总是父母的作品。他们管也罢,不管也罢,都是他们的作品。风筝或许是永远挣不断线的。

19、根据第⑥段的拼音写出汉字。(2 分)

应接不xi á ______

20、第①段画线句运用了___________ 修辞手法,其表达效果是 ______________________________

(。4 分)

21、根据全文的内容,按要求完成下列表格(8 分)

22、对文中第⑧画划线句理解不妥当的一项是()(3 分)

A.把“儿女”看做“风筝” ,“父母的管教”和“关爱”则是“风筝线”

B.父母对儿女的影响或许会永远伴随着儿女,就像风筝和线一样。

C.父母与儿女就像风筝和线一样牵连着的,要懂得珍惜这份情感。

D.父母是儿女的缔造者,只因血缘之亲而成为风筝和线股,紧紧相系。

23、文中记叙了妈妈很多事情,为什么在第⑥段还要写爸爸的一件事?(

三、综合运用(10 分)

阅读下面材料。完成第24-28 题(10分)

春节期间,一档名为“中国诗词大会”的节目在中央电视台播出,10 期节日累计超过10 亿人次观看,引起社会热烈反响,同时,也引发人们对传统诗词的思考。为此,学校将举行主题为“守望诗情”的综合实践活动,请你完成以下任务。

下列诗人和相关称呼一致的一项是()(3 分)

A. 李白(诗仙)杜甫(诗鬼)刘禹锡(诗豪)李贺

圣)

B. 李白(诗圣)杜甫(诗仙)刘禹锡(诗鬼)李贺

豪)

C.李白(诗仙)杜甫(诗圣)刘禹锡(诗豪)李贺

鬼)

D.李白(诗豪)杜甫(诗圣)刘禹锡(诗仙)李贺

鬼)

下列有关对诗词曲的常识表述不正确的一项是()

A.从形式上分,近体诗包括律诗、绝句、长律三大类。从句式上分,近体诗包括五言、七言两大类。

B.律诗,分为四联,有专门的名称;首联.颔联.颈联.尾联。颈联和尾联一般是两组对仗工整的句子。

C.词,有调名,称“词牌”,又称乐府、长短句,词的分段称为分片,除单调之外,一般分上下两片,也有分成三四片的。

D.曲是继诗、词而兴起的一种文学体裁。曲大致分为两类:一是戏曲和散曲。散曲包括套曲和小令。

26、这次大赛中有一环节称作“飞花令”,源干古人诗词之趣,原本是行酒令时的一种文字游戏,

此次大赛做了改良,设置一个关键词,请选手轮流背诵含有这个关键词的诗句,成为一个高雅又烧脑的游戏。比如,“酒”,诗词组的同学在唐诗宋词中搜集了不少与“酒”有关的诗句:

A、暂凭杯酒长精神 B 、花间一壶酒

C、把酒问青天 D 、劝君更尽一杯酒

请你选一个关键词,玩一次飞花令,写出3 句诗句(本试卷内出现的诗句不能用)(4 分)关键词:(请在“月”、“花”、“山”选一个作答)

四、写作(60 分)

27、题目:最美的时光

要求:(1)写一篇600 字左右的文章;(2)不得透露个人相关信息;(3)不得抄袭。

3 分)

2017 年虹口区初三二模语文试题·参考答案

一、文言文

(一)1、淡妆浓抹总相宜 2 、衣带渐宽终不悔3 、身世浮沉雨打萍

4、乃悟前狼假寐 5 、豁然开朗

(二)6、任凭7 、A

(三)8、陈涉世家司马迁

9、你是一个受雇耕作的人,哪来的富贵呢?(关键词:若,为,何)

10、C

(四)11、(1)归来,返回(2)舍弃,丢弃

12、多次冒着生命危险把曾伯祖送回了家。他不想让“故主”在战乱中受到伤害(不是为得到赏金)而做这件事

13、有作奸者,辄奋起力争(2 分)表明李守敬正直善良,在被人排挤后,对过去的主人依然忠心耿耿。(1 分)为李守敬在故主危难时能挺身而出起了衬托作用。

二、现代文

(一)14、地理位置海拔高度

15、列数字(2 分)准确说明纳木错在短时间(1 分)内水位上升快(1 分)

16、不能(必答,不答扣1 分)第⑦段说明纳木错湖水水位上升的原因是周边地区冻土和冰层融化的水流入造成的(2 分),第⑧段说明纳木错湖水水位上升的原因是那几年低云量使湖水蒸发量的减少造成的(2 分),但相比两个因素第⑧段的原因影响要弱得多,这样的安排符合从主要(强)到次要(弱)的逻辑顺序。(1 分(从⑥⑦两段都是从流入量增加这个角度说的,而第⑧段从蒸发量的角度说的,所以第七段在第八段前)

17、B(纳木错的水位上升根本原因就是全球变暖造成的)

18、全球气候变暖,湖水水面上升(2 分)但是水面上升,还要看很多相关因素( 2 分)

(二)19、暇

20、比喻(2 分)形象地表达了母亲对儿女关爱(2 分)

21、①小学四年级时,管制我读《红楼梦》(2 分)②好奇难熬(2 分)③给我的文章提意见,让我据此修正(2 分)④怅惘失落(怅然若失)(自由开心)(2 分)

22、D

23、紧扣文题,照应文题中“父母”一词( 1 分),分析了“似管非管”和“似不管非不管” ,从不同的角度写父母对孩子的关爱。

三、综合运用

24、C 25 、B

26、略【选择1 分,三句各1 分,月:A 床前明月光,疑是地上霜。B明月几时有?把酒问青天。

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题纸的相应位置上】 7.计算:a?a2=. 8.因式分解:x2﹣2x=. 9.方程=﹣x的根是. 10.函数f(x)=的定义域是. 11.如果方程x2﹣2x+m=0有两个实数根,那么m的取值范围是. 12.计算:2+(+). 13.将抛物线y=x2+2x﹣1向上平移4个单位后,所得新抛物线的顶点坐标是.14.一个不透明的袋子里装有3个白球、1个红球,这些球除了颜色外无其他的差异,从袋子中随机摸出1个球,恰好是白球的概率是. 15.正五边形的中心角的度数是. 16.如图,圆弧形桥拱的跨度AB=16米,拱高CD=4米,那么圆弧形桥拱所在圆的半径是米. 17.如果一个三角形一边上的中线的长与另两边中点的连线段的长相等,我们称这个三角形为“等线三角形”,这条边称为“等线边”.在等线三角形ABC中,AB 为等线边,且AB=3,AC=2,那么BC=. 18.如图,矩形ABCD中,AB=4,AD=7,点E,F分别在边AD、BC上,且B、F 关于过点E的直线对称,如果以CD为直径的圆与EF相切,那么AE=. 三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分) 19.计算:|2﹣|﹣8+2﹣2+.

上海市各区2017-2018年初三英语二模试题分类汇编:完型填空-老师版(带答案已经校对)

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