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二战中丘吉尔在下院的演讲: 战争不是靠撤退赢得的
二战中丘吉尔在下院的演讲: 战争不是靠撤退赢得的

940年,盟军在法国战场上全线溃败。5月26日到6月3日,英法军队33万人成功从敦刻尔克撤回英国本土。

6月4日,温斯顿·丘吉尔在英国下院,通报此次行动并做战事动员,以下为演讲内容:

德军突然大举进攻,好像一把锋利的镰刀,紧紧围逼住北部联军的右翼和后方。

德军的八九个装甲师,每师约有各种装甲车400辆,这些车辆分组成一个个精心搭配、相互呼应的独立作战单位,插入了我军,切断了我军和法军主力的一切联系。

德军切断了我军的粮食弹药供应。他们沿岸直抵布洛理和加莱,逼近敦刻尔克。

在这支装甲机械部队突击之后,是用军车运载的许多个德军师团,再后面紧跟着的就是大批行动缓慢、阴险残酷的德国常规军和德国平民。

这些人素来是甘心情愿地被人牵着鼻子,闯进别人的自由与安适的生活。这种自由与安适的生活,他们在自己的国土地上从未享受过。

与此同时,英国皇家空军早已参战,在航程所及范围内从国内基地出动打击敌人。此外,一部分城市空防战斗机也起飞袭击德国轰炸机群及其用作掩护的大批战斗机。

战斗的时间持续很长,也十分激烈。后来,战场的形势突然明朗起来,仅仅到现在,隆隆的枪炮声才暂时渐渐止息。

展现在我们眼前的,是靠着完善的工作、机智、技能和耿耿忠心争取得来的奇迹般的解救。

我们的海军动员了各种舰艇近千艘,援救了33.5万余名英法军兵士使之脱离虎口,免遭凌辱,安返本国,以立即投入新的斗争。

但是我们必须十分慎重,切不可将这次援救说成是胜利。战争不是靠撤退赢得的。而我们应该注意到,这次援救却孕育着胜利。

归来的许多士兵未曾见到我们空军的活动,他们看到的只是逃脱英国空军掩护性攻击的敌人轰炸机。

他们低估了我们空军的成就,就此我曾听到许多议论。这就是我现在要离题来谈这件事的理由,我一定要把这件事告诉你们。

这是英国和德国空军实力的一次重大较量。德国空军的目的是要使我们难以从海滩撤退,并且要击沉所有结集在那里数以千计的船只。

虽然在执行任务过程中遭受了挫折,我们把陆军撤回来了,但是德军付出的代价4倍于他们给我们造成的损失。

这已经证明,英国飞机和飞行员比现在我们面对的敌人要强得多。我对于这些年轻的飞行员们表示敬意。

强大的法国陆军当时在几千辆装甲车的冲击下大部分已经清退。

法国军队被削弱,比利时军队全军覆没,曾经赖以确保安全的防线大部分被破坏,许多宝贵的矿区和工厂已归敌人所有,海峡港口全部落入敌手,后果严重。

现在,我们还必须准备承受对我们或对法国接踵而来的第二次打击。我们听说,希特勒计划入侵英伦三岛,这事我们早就预料到。

当拿破仑率领他的平底军舰和大军在布洛涅驻扎了一年之久后,有人告诉他:

“英国到处有荆棘蒺藜。”的确,现在,当我们的英国远征军归来后,英国的荆棘蒺藜就更多了。目前,我们在英国本土拥有的兵力,比我们在这次大战中或上次大战中任何时候的兵力不知要强大多少倍,这当然对用于抵抗入侵的本土防御很有利,但我们不能这样继续下去。

我们不能满足于能打防御战,我们对盟国负有义务。我们必须在英勇的总司令戈特勋爵指挥下重建英国远征军,这一切都在进行中。

在这段期间,我们应该使本土防御达到这样一种高水平,即,只需要极少数的人便可有效地保障本土安全,同时又可最大潜力地发起攻势,我们正在进行这方面的部署。

如果所有的人都能忠于职守,如果我们的工作不出差错,事事都像现在这样安排周密,那么我充满信心,我们将又一次证明我们能够抵御战争的风暴,抗击强暴的威胁,保卫自己的岛国。

如果必要,我们就进行持久战,如果必要,我们就孤军奋战。

无论如何,这就是我们准备做的。这就是英王政府以及政府中每个人的决心,这就是国会和全国国民的意愿。

由共同的目标和共同的需要联系起来的英帝国和法兰西共和国,将誓死保卫自己的国土,将亲如同胞,尽一切力量彼此支援。

即使是欧洲的大片土地和许多文明古国已经,或即将沦于盖世太保及一切可憎的纳粹机构之手,我们也不会气馁、不会屈服。

我们要坚持到底,我们要在法国国土上作战,要在各个海洋上作战,我们的空军将越战越强,越战越有信心。

我们将不惜一切牺牲捍卫我国本土,我们要在滩头作战,在登陆地作战,在田野、在山上,在街头作战……

我们在任何时候决不投降,即使整个英伦岛或大部分土地被占,我们饥寒交迫,我们所有由英国舰队武装和保护的海外帝国也将继续战斗。直到上帝认为适当的时候到了,新大陆将挺身而出,以其全部力量支援旧世界,解放旧世界!

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热血 辛劳 眼泪和汗水 邱吉尔二战精彩演讲中英版欣赏

邱吉尔二战精彩演讲欣赏 英国战时首相邱吉尔时英国历史上最杰出的领袖,也是当代最伟大的演说家之一。他的领导才能似乎与生俱来,在二战期间正是他的演讲,凝聚了英国全国的志气,直至二战胜利。本文分别选取三段在二战初期、中期和结束时邱吉尔的演讲,以飨读者。 Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat1) (excerpts) 热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水 To form an Administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself, but it must be remembered that we are in the preliminary stage of one of the greatest battles in history, that we are in action at many other points in Norway and in Holland, that we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean2), that the air battle is continuous and that many preparations, such as have been indicated by my hon3). Friend below the Gangway, have to be made here at home. In this crisis I hope I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today. I hope that any of my friends and colleagues, or former colleagues, who are affected by the political reconstruction, will make allowance4), all allowance, for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act. I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this government: "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil5), tears and sweat." We have before us an ordeal6) of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many long months of struggle and of suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I can say: It is to wage war, by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable7) catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival. Let that be realised; no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge and impulse of the ages, that mankind will move forward towards its goal. But I take up my task with buoyancy8) and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. At this time I feel entitled to claim the aid of all, and I say, "come then, let us go 1

英国政治家和作家温斯顿 邱吉尔二战中的一篇演讲

"Be Ye Men of Valour" BBC, May 19, 1940 First Broadcast as Prime Minister to the British People By May 14, the news from the front was uniformly bad. The Germans had broken through the French defences at Sedan, and everywhere the French forces were reeling under a devastating barrage from land and air. "At almost all points where the armies had come in contact," Churchill later wrote, "the weight and fury of the German attack was overwhelming." Holland fell on May 15, and Churchill flew to Paris on the same day to confer with the French leaders. It was evident that the military situation was near to catastrophic, and that the military commanders and political leaders were resigned to overwhelming defeat. Churchill agreed to send ten fighter squadrons to France, thereby imperilling the situation in England, as a desperate attempt to restore the spirits of his Ally. On May 19, the Cabinet was informed that Lord Gort was "examining a possible withdrawal towards Dunkirk." In these sombre circumstances, Churchill made this, his first broadcast as Prime Minister to the British people. --------------------------------------------------- I speak to you for the first time as Prime Minister in a solemn hour for the life of our country, of our empire, of our allies, and, above all, of the cause of Freedom. A tremendous battle is raging in France and Flanders. The Germans, by a remarkable combination of air bombing and heavily armored tanks, have broken through the French defenses north of the Maginot Line, and strong columns of their armored vehicles are ravaging the open country, which for the first day or two was without defenders. They have penetrated deeply and spread alarm and confusion in their track. Behind them there are now appearing infantry in lorries, and behind them, again, the large masses are moving forward. The re-groupment of the French armies to make head against, and also to strike at, this intruding wedge has been proceeding for several days, largely assisted by the magnificent efforts of the Royal Air Force. We must not allow ourselves to be intimidated by the presence of these armored vehicles in unexpected places behind our lines. If they are behind our Front, the French are also at many points fighting actively behind theirs. Both sides are therefore in an extremely dangerous position. And if the French Army, and our own Army, are well handled, as I believe they will be; if the French retain that genius for recovery and counter-attack for which they have so long been famous; and if the British Army shows the dogged endurance and solid fighting power of which there have been so many examples in the past -- then a sudden transformation of the scene might spring into being. It would be foolish, however, to disguise the gravity of the hour. It would be still more foolish to lose heart and courage or to suppose that well-trained, well-equipped armies numbering three or four millions of men can be overcome in the space of a few weeks, or even months, by a scoop, or raid of mechanized vehicles, however formidable.

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