并列连词和状语从句
考点一：并列连词
一，句子的分类
句子分：简单句，并列句，复合句。
其中简单句的结构包括：主语+谓语；主语+谓语+宾语；主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语；主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；主语+系动词+表语。
并列句分为：表递进，表选择，表转折，表因果，其他
复合句分为：定语从句，名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句），状语从句。
二，并列句的基本概念：并列句是由两个或两个以上并列二有独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常有并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句称为分句。
三，常见的并列连词
1，表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，not only...but(also)…如：Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily.
2，表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or, either…or….等，如：Either you are right, or I am.
3，表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but ,yet , whereas等。如：Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.
4，表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so , for等。The shops were closed ,so I didn’t get any milk.
5，When还可用作并列连词，意为那时，这时。相当于and at this/ that time。
常用于下列句式：sb was doing sth when…; sb was about to do /going to do/
on the point of doing sth when…; sb had just done sth when….如：We were
having a meeting when someone broke in . we were about to
set off when it suddenly began to rain.
6，While 作为并列连词，意为而，却。表示对比。如：He likes pop music ,while I am fond of folk music.
考点二，状语从句
一，时间状语从句
（一）when，while，as
1，从属连词when既可以引导一个持续性动作，也可以引导一个短暂性动作；
可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生，也可用于从句动作先于主句动作发生，如：When the film ended, the people went back. 当when 引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用有as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。如：As a young man (=When he was a young man) ,he was fond of hunting.
2，从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
3，从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为一边…，一边….，或“随着…..”如：As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.
4，如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时，when，while与as可互换使用。如：
When/ While/ As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
（二），as soon as ,immediately, directly ,instantly ,the moment, the minute, the instant 和once（一…就…）。这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为：一……就…..。如：The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
注意：no sooner ….than…; hardly/ scarcely…when…也可以表示“一….
就…”，这一结构的时态搭配为：no sooner与hardly/ scarcely所在的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than或when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/ scarcely 提到句首时，其所在的主句应用倒装语序。如：
I had hardly got home when it began to rain
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
（三）till, until 和not…until
1，肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须时延续性动词，主句，从句都为肯定式，意为：某动作一致持续到某时间点才停止。如：He remained there until/ till she arrived. You may stay here until/ till the rain stops.
2，否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为：某动作直到从句所述的时间点才开始，此前一直未开始。如：He won’t go to bed until/ till she returns.
3，till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4，not until….句型的强调和倒装用法。
如：直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.强调句
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首，主句部分要倒装)
（四），before和since
1，若表达“还未…就…;不到…就….; …..才…; 还没来得及….就…..”时，需用连词before。如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
2，before从句中谓语不用够定时。如：Before they reached the station ,the had gone.
3，It will be /was +一段时间+before 常翻译为：……才, …..就。如：
It was half a year before I came back .半年后我才能回来
It won’t be long before we meet again. 过不了多久我们就有能见面了。
4，since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。Since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：I have written home four times since I came here. She has been working in this factory since she left school.
5，在It is +一段时间+since 从句，这个句型中，since引导的从句的谓语动词若是延续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止，翻译时注意否定。若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始，翻译时正常译即可。如：It is three years since the war broke out.(终止性动词)战争爆发已经三年了。
It is three years since I smoked a cigar(= since I stopped smoking a cigar)(延续性动词) 我不吸烟已经三年了。
如果译成：我吸烟已有三年了，应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.
（began为终止性动词）
（五）every time, each time ,next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当….；每次…..；下次…..”如：Every /Each time
I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
二，地点状语从句
1，引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后，表示抽象条件的含义时，从句需放在主句之前。如：We should go where the Party needs us most. 抽象概念：Where there is a will, there is a way.
2，注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句，如：你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记：You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.地
点状语从句。You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. 定语从句。
三，原因状语从句
1，引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有：because, as ,since, now ,that每个连词
如：Now that/ Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
2，此外，when，seeing that，considering that也可以表示原因，意为：既然，考虑到。如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
四，目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that ,for fear that, in case等。1，in order that，so that。这两个连词都意为：以便，为了。它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。In order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的状语从句只能位于主句之后。I will speak slowly so that you can understand me
2，for fear that, in case 引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示：害怕，担心
某事会发生；in case表示：以防出现某种情况。如：Mary didn’t want to get out of bed, for fear that she might wake he baby (up). Take your raincoat ,in case it rains.
五，结果状语从句
1，引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that , so…that….，such…that…..。在非正式语体中，有so…that…., such…that…引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构：so+形容词/副词+that从句；
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句
such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句
such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句
such+a lot of / lots of +名词+that从句.
如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him. It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.
注意：(1)，为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用那个倒装语序，如：So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.
（2），当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/ such …as to….如：He was so clever a boy that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.化简为：He was so clever a boy as to work out all the difficult questions.
2，除结果状语从句外，too…to….,enough to….等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.= He got up too late to catch the bus.
六，条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if ,unless, so/as long as , in case(如果), on condition that(条件是), suppose/ supposing(that )(假设)，providing/ provided that(如果)等，如：As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed. Suppose/Supposing （that）they refuse us ,who else can we turn to for help?
七，方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if , as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如：Do as you are told to, or you will be fired. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.（虚拟语气）I feel as if I have a fever.(陈述语气)
八，让步状语从句
1，although/ though, even though/if, 引导的让步状语从句。Although与though 两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和
but连用。如：Although/ Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. Even though it is raining, we’ll go there. Even if I were busy, I would go.（虚拟）注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末，如：He said he would come; he didn’t, though.
2，whether…or….; 疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词。如：Whether you believe it or not ,it is true. Whatever (No matter what) you say ,he won’t believe you.
注意：whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如：You can take whatever you like.
3，when，while也可作从属连词表让步，while常用在句首，when常用在句中，相当于although。如：Suddenly ,she stopped when she ought to have continued. While I admit that there are mistakes, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
中考英语语法-连词与状语从句
中考英语词汇语法专项训练篇 连词与状语从句 一、单项选择（共25小题；共25分） 1. The foreign woman can't speak French Japanese. A. so B. nor C. but D. or 2. It's four years I came to Shanghai. A. before B. when C. since D. as 3. It was a nice meal, a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since 4. John fell asleep he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as 5. You'd better do it your mother did. A. when B. as C. like D. because 6. We have been good friends we joined the same ping-pong team. A. after B. before C. since D. until 7. Help others whenever you can you'll make the world a nicer place to live in. A. and B. or C. unless D. but 8. I hardly knew anything about it you told me. A. since B. after C. until D. when 9. --- How do you like this skirt? --- It's beautiful and it fits me well, I like it very much. A. but B. for C. so D. since 10. --- What do you think of the book Harry Potter? --- I like it very much. It's interesting exciting. A. neither; nor B. not; but C. not only; but also D. either; or 11. Mary was riding her bicycle to the park she was hit by a car. A. when B. after C. until D. since 12. Study hard, you won't catch up with your friends. A. but B. or C. and D. so 13. You should make a good plan you do anything important. A. after B. though C. before D. until 14. My grandfather is very old, he never stops learning. A. than B. though C. but D. unless 15. Henry's mother his father speaks English. They both speak Chinese.
连词与状语从句知识梳理
连词与状语从句知识梳理 连词与状语从句知识梳理 知识梳理 知识点1： 一、连词含义 连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。 二、具体用法 1. 并列连词 1）. 并列连词的功能： 连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。即，连接两个平行的 成分或句子。 如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, as well as, both… and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。 2）. 并列连词的用法：表示连接两个共同概念 and 和or 1) 并列结构中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用 and 。 both …and 两者都(两者都强调，谓语动词为复数) not only…but (also),不但…而且(强调后者，就近原则)
注意： not only… but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. neither …nor 意思为" 既不……也不……" (就近原则) Neither you nor he is to blame. as well as也 (强调前者，就远原则) The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much. I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels. 表示选择的并列结构 1) or意思为" 否则" 。 I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为" 或者……或者……" 。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 表示转折或对比 1) but表示转折，while 表示对比。 some people love cats, while others hate them. 2) not…but … 意思为" 不是……而是……" not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 表示因果关系 1) for for 是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 2) so, therefore
状语从句类型及相似连词的用法区别
一、状语从句分类及常用连词： 类别连词 状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc. 状语从句where,wherever 状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 状语从句so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc. 状语从句in order that, so that, that, etc. 状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc. 状语从句as…as, so…as, than, etc. 状语从句as, as if, as though, etc. 二、相似连词的用法区别 1.when, while, as, while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。 when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。 as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。 when, while后可以接分词短语。 2.because, as, since, for 语气位置意义 because最强前或后“原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“”as较强前“由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由since较弱前“既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由for最弱后“理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由 注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。 3.so that, so…that, such…that so that“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。 so…that “如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形／副＋that 2.so+形＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that 3.so＋manymuch＋复数名词（不可数名词）+that such…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名词＋that 2.such＋形＋复数名词／不可数名词＋that
状语从句
一．No less than , not less than, no more than, not less than 的区别： no less than不亚于，竟达……之多 1)The audience was no less than five thousand. 听众有五千人之多。 2)That hotel probably costs no less than 20 dollars a night. 那间旅馆的住宿费大约要20元一晚呢。 not less than不比……差，至少 1)I'll stay here not less than three days. 我将待在这里至少三天。 no more than同样不；仅仅，只有 1)He is no more than a worker. 他仅仅是个工人。 2)It's no more than a misunderstanding. 这只是个误会。 3)It is no more than ten minutes' walk from the station. 由车站走到这里只有十分钟的路程。 not more than不比……更，不如；至多 1）He is not more diligent than you are.他不象你那样勤奋。（重点在you are diligent 。他也勤奋，但不如你勤奋。） 2)I'll stay here not more than three days. 我将待在这里最多不超过三天。 no less .. than不少于,不亚于 1) He is no less a person than a minister他的身分不亚于部长。 not less than 至少和…一样 1)She is not less beautiful than Mary她至少和玛丽一样美丽。 二．Through, across, cross, over的区别： 答：1.across是介词通常在用go,run,swim.等搭配，强调从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体表面上或沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作，其含义常与介词on有关，常和表示“走”一类的动词（如：walk，run，fly，jump 等）连用。 Go across the bridge，and you’ll find the park. 越过这座桥，你就会找到公园。 The little girl ran across the road.这个小女孩横穿马路。 2. cross是动词，表示“穿过、越过、渡过”。 The old man is crossing the road.这位老人正在穿过马路。 Be careful when you cross the street.过街时你要小心。 3. through是介词，表示从某一范围的一端到另一端，但它表示的动作是在内部空间进行的，往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。 The river runs through the city.这条河从这座城市中间流过。 Can you see it through this hole?你能透过这个洞看到它吗？ through与cross的不同在于through是直过cross是横过 例:I went across the road = I cross the road我横过马路(经斑马线) The car went through the road汽车经过马路(沿着马路) 4. over是介词，用作“穿过、通过”时，表示到达高的障碍物（如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等）的另一侧。 He jumped over the wall.他跳过了墙。 The horse jumped over the fence.马跳过栅栏。 注意：如果不强调动作，只说明处于墙、篱笆或山等障碍物的另一侧时，over和across也可互换。 If we can be over/across the mountain before 8 o’clock，we can be helped. 如果我们八点前能到达山那边，我们就能获救。 三．状语从句大PARTY 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 一、时间状语从句要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导： when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 when当。。。的时候 Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。 2.while当。。。时 He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。 3.as在。。。的同时；一边。。。一边。。。 He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。
语法——并列句和状语从句
第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 作并列连词的用法
when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin. 我喜欢弹钢琴，而我妹妹喜欢拉小提琴。 典例分析1 (2017 北京卷)—Peter, please send us postcards_________ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【解析】句意:——彼得, 请给我们邮寄明信片, 这样我们就能知道你参观过哪些地方。——没问题。根据句意可知，第一句中前后两个分句为因果关系, 所以填so。 【答案】so 典例分析2 He is a shy man, _________he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【解析】句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不惧怕任何人和任何事。根据前后句意可知,这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词。 【答案】but 典例分析3 You have to move out of the way_________ the truck cannot get past you.? 【解析】句意:你得让让路,不然卡车过不去。根据句子结构和句意可知,空格处应该用or,表示一个否定的条件,意为“不然的话”。 【答案】or
状语从句连词总结
状语从句连词总结 1 时间状语从句： when当……时候 while 当……时候（动词只能是延续性动词） as当……时候（经常表示一边……一边……） after/before在……之后/之前 until/till直到……（即某一持续性行为持续到某一时间点） since/ever since自从……（即子某一时间点以来，常用完成时态或完成进行时） 名词性短语the time the moment the minute the day the year the first/second time each time每次every time每次next time下次any time在任何时候whenever不管什么时候 by the time到……时候（即指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态） 一……就……as soon as once immediately directly instantly 还没来得及……就……hardly……when no sooner……than as long as长达…… 非时间状语从句：动词ing形式；at……形式；on doing/on sth形式 2地点状语从句 where在哪里，在什么地方 wherever无论在哪里 anywhere无论何处everywhere 到处，处处nowhere 无处，任何地方都无 to/in/from the place（s）where或to/in/from any place where 3原因状语从句 because（语气最强）因为，多置于主句之后 as（语气最弱）因为，多置于主句之前 since语气较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，相当于“既然” now （that）既然 for the reason that因为（that引导的是同位语从句，先行词为reason） in that由于某种原因，多用于书面语 seeing that因为，鉴于 4目的状语从句 in order that以便 so （that）为了 for fear that惟恐，以防 in case以防万一有某种情况发生 5结果状语从句 so （that）所以 so……that……结构 such……that……结构
介词、连词与状语从句
【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句 【考情分析】 介词 1．常见介词的用法及辨析。 2．介词与其他词性所构成的一些短语。 3．在定语从句中，介词的使用情况。 连词 1. 考查并列连词、从属连词的用法 2.重点考查主从复合句和并列句的连接词的选用。 状语从句 1.状语从句的分类 1.可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型。 2.状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。 【知识归纳】 介词： 1.“名词＋介词”型 the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to； wish/desire/prize/respect…for； pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on 2.“介词＋名词”型 (1) in ＋名词 in advance 在前头，事先，预先in case 如果，万一in charge 主管，掌管，看管 in common 共有，共同，公有in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的 (2)①on＋名词 on guard 在值勤on leave 在休假on holiday在度假on strike罢工on sale出售on loan 借贷 ②on＋the＋名词on the move 在移动，搬迁；离开on the march 在行军on the flow 在涨潮 (3) beyond ＋名词 beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的beyond one's reach 够不着 beyond description 难以形容beyond words 无法用语言形容beyond doubt 无疑 (4) under ＋名词 under development 在发展中under observation 在观察中under test 在测试中 under construction 在建设中under examination 在检查(调查)中under consideration 在考虑中 (5) at ＋名词 at length 详细地，长时间at sea 茫然at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午饭 at rest在休息at table 在吃饭at school 上学at church 做礼拜at peace 处于和平状态 (6) out of ＋名词 out of breath 上气不接下气out of balance 失去平衡out of date 过时out of patience 不耐烦 3．“动词＋介词”搭配 ①rob sb. of sth. ; supply us with food ;make a desk of wood ; make bread from flour ②介词＋the ＋部位与动词的关系(＝动词＋sb.’s ＋部位，可换用) strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用) 注意：同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异的情况。 reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和音乐唱(跳)，amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献给，drink to为……干杯，object to反对，look forward to 渴望，come to苏醒，belong to属于，search for搜……，ask...for...寻找，use...for用作，leave for前往，take...for 误以为， 4．“形容词＋介词”型 at前的adj.：angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled等。 of前的adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。worthy of值得的；proud of(take pride in)自豪；sure of / about确信；fond of喜欢；full of充满 with前的adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient等。satisfied with (by)满意；busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事；wrong with不对 in前的adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。 to前的adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。similar to相似for前的adj.：sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious，(be) hungry/thirsty 等。grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人；fit for适合；ready for准备from前的adj.：far, different, free, safe等。free from没有……(免除……)；far from离……远 about前的adj.：worried, anxious, careful，curious等。glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴 5．复杂介词型 (1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。 because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。 (2) 表示“除……之外”。 with the exception of＝except, except for“除……之外”； apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。(3) 表示“有关，关于”。 concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；with respect to“关于，就……而言”； as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。 (4) 表示“在……之前”。 ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”，还可表示“领先，优于”； in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。 (5) 表示“支持，赞成”。 in support of 维护，支持，支援；in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”。 (6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。 in the light of 按照，考虑到in terms of 就……而言，谈到according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为 (7) 表示“尽管”。 in spite of 尽管，不管 连词 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。 1．并列连词 并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and(和)，as well as(既……又)，both... and(不但……而且)，not only... but also(不但……而且)，not ...but(不是……而是)，neither...nor(既不……也不)，either... or(不是……就是)，or(或者)，but (但是)，yet(然而)，for(因为)，so(所以)，while(而)，when(这时)等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)．/ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光荣的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot. 2．从属连词 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as (2)引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as (3)引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter(无论), even if (though) (4)引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as (5)引导结果状语从句的：so... that..., such...that... (6)引导目的状语从句的：so that..., in order that... (7)引导比较状语从句的：as...as..., not so (as)．.. as...，... than... (8)引导方式状语从句的：as if... (9)引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。 3.几组容易混淆的并列连词： (1)and, or和but I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight? —I'd like to, but I'm too busy. (2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且 She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. (3)neither...nor “既不……也不……”；both...and...“两者都”；either...or...“不是……就是……” Neither you nor he is to blame. Either you or I am right. (4)not...but... 不是……而是…… They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a human being. (5)for 因为 He is absent today, for he is ill. 注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 (6)so, therefore因此 He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. 状语从句： （一）时间状语从句 时间状语从句 1．when, while, as的区别 这三个词都可以用作连接词，表示时间关系，但有所区别。 (1)when表示时间关系时，意思常常是“当(在)……的时候”。主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在求学的时候，每天都到图书馆去。 (2)while 用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……的时候”，主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间(a period of time)，而不能指一点时间的(a point of time)。如上面第一个例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二个例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： Please don’t talk so aloud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候，请勿大声讲话。 (3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.当他下公共汽车的时候，我看见了他。 2．一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句 the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如：
语法 并列句和状语从句
第12讲并列句和状语从句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01 考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词
表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法 when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式: ①sb. was doing sth. when... ②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when... ③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when... ④sb. had just done sth. when...。如: We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。 6.while作并列连词的用法 while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而, 却”,表示对比。如: He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。 I like playing the piano while my sister likes playing the violin.
2015年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题09 连词和状语从句 Word版含解析
专题九连词和状语从句 1.【2015·湖南】24.Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands. A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left 【答案】D 【考点定位】考查状语从句中的省略问题。 【名师点睛】一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则：（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be 。（2）当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是 it，从句中又含有系动词be 的某种形式时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此题的形式属于：连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词。完整的句子就是：Video games can be a poor influence if they are left in the wrong hands. 2.【2015·北京】25.He is a shy man,___he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A.so B. but C.or D. as 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。A. so因此；B. but 但是；C. or或者；D. as作为。根据句意，前后句表示转折，因此选择but。 【考点定位】考查连词辨析 【名师点睛】本题考查连词中在句子中的应用，做题时要分析前后句中所用的连词表示的是什么关系，看语境中前后句子的关系是转折还是并列，所以做好此类题先了解连词的意思，
状语从句连词意思总结
状语从句连词意思总结：1.一旦 once 2.…的时候 the moment 3.一/ 刚…就… （三个表 达） as soon as, hardly…when…, no sooner…than 4.每当(三个表达) whenever, each / every time 5.直到… until 6.直到…才…not…until… 7.无论哪里 wherever 8.在…的地方 where 9.就是因为、仅仅是因为just / only because 10.是因为… (用强调句型 表示) It is / was because / because of… that… 11.不是因为…而是因为…not because…but because 12.既然(两个表达) since, now that 13.由于(三个表达) as, seeing / considering that 14.因为…的原因 for the reason that… 15.因为、由于…的事实 (三个表达) because of / due to / owing to the fact that… 16.如此…以致于… (两个 表达) so…that, such…that 17.因此(结果)、为了/ 以便(目的) (两个表 达) so that, that 18.为了/ 以便 in order that 19.以防(目的) 、万一(条 件) in case 20.以免，唯恐(两个表达) lest, for fear that 21.除非 unless 22.只要(两个表达) as / so long as 23.尽管、虽然(三个表达) though, although, even though 24.即使、纵然、就算、哪 怕 even if 25.as, though解释为“虽 然”的倒装结构 n. / adj. / adv. + as / though + S + V v. + as / though + S + 情态动 词 26.无论什么 whatever = no matter what 27.无论谁 whoever = no matter who 28.无论哪一个 whichever = no matter which 29.无论怎样 however = no matter how 30.无论…还是… whether…or… = no matter whether…or… 31.好像，仿佛(两个表达) as if, as though 32.与…一样… (两个同级 比较结构) as…as…, the same (height / size / age / width / depth) as 33.在…当中最… (最高程 度表达) the + -est + 比较范围 34.比任何其他的…要更 加…(最高程度表达) -er + than + any other + sing n., -er + than + any of the other + pl. n. 35.没什么与…一样…(最高 程度表达) 否定词+ as…as 36.没什么比…更加…(最高 程度表达) 否定词+ -er 37.没有/ 不如…那样… (两个较低程度比较) not as / so…as…, less + 原级 + than 38.在…当中最不… (最低 程度比较) the least + 原级+ 比较范 围 39.越来越… -er and –er, more and more + 原级 40.越…越… the + -er…the + -er 41.与…一样不… no + -er + than 42.…不比…更 not + -er + than 43.与其说…不如说… more…than… 44.超过；不仅仅；非常 more than 45.while做连词的三个意 思 当…；虽然，尽管(放句首)； 然而(引导并列句) 46.as做连词的六个意思 当…；一边…一边…；随着…； 由于；虽然(有特殊的倒装 结构)；如同，像
状语从句与连词转练
状语从句与连词转练 1.Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter. (2004·全国) A. because B. so that C. even if D. as 2.______ you call me to say you’re not coming. I’ll see you at the theatre. (2004·全国) A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless 3.Several weeks had gone by ______ I realized the paining was missing. (2004·全国) A. as B. before C. since D. when 4.We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started. (2004春·北京) A. when B. while C. until D. before 5.The shop doesn’t open until 11 a.m., ______ it loses a lot of business. (2004春·北京) A. for B. or C. but D. so (2004春·北京) 6.______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (2004春·北京) A. As long as B. As far as C. just as D. Even if 7.______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. (2004·江苏) A. while B. Since C. Before D. Unless 8.Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(2004·福建) A. since B. after C. before D. when 9.I do every single bit of housework ______ my husband bob just does the dishes now and then. (2004·陕西) A. since B. while C. when D. as 10.—I think George doesn’t really care for TV plays. —Right, ______ he still watches the program. (2004·陕西) A. and B. but C. or D. so 11.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree. (2004·全国) A. why B. where C. what D. how 12.______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (1999 全国) A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As though as 13.You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them. (1999 全国) A. when B. where C. then D. there 14.______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. (1999 上海) A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check 15.______ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more. (1999 上海) A. For B. Even C. Since D. However 16.One more week, ______ we will accomplish the task. (1999 上海) A. or B. so that C. and D. if 17.The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ______ they will save us money in the long run. (2000 北京) A. or B. since C. for D. but 18.John may phone again. I don’t want to go out ______ the phones. (2000 北京) A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that 19.I shall stay in the hotel all day ______ there is news of the missing child. (2000 上海春季) A. in case B. no matter C. in any case D. ever since