2定语从句归纳2017

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）考点精讲

一、定语从句的概念：在复合句中做定语修饰一个名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

二、关系词的作用：

观察以下定语从句并归纳关系词的作用：

1.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.

2. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.

3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.

4. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.

5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。

方法点拨：要正确选择关系词，必须找准先行词，并把它放入定语从句中，看看它在从句中充当什么成分。

三、关系代词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等。关系代词代替先行词，在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

1、who, whom, that：指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语等：

Is he the man who / that wants to see you? （who / that在从句中作主语）

He is the man（who / whom / that）I saw yesterday. （who / whom / that在从句中作宾语）2、whose：经常接名词，指人或物，只用作定语。

The girl whose father had given us a report got first.

◆whose+n这结构可以用the+n＋of + whom/which; of whom/ which + the + n来替换。

He is an excellent teacher,whose daughter studies abroad.

=He is an excellent teacher，the daughter of whom studies abroad.

（15·四川）The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny,

/the covers of which are shinny, are prizes for us.

/of which the covers are shinny,

（14·山东）A company ______ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. (key : B)

A.which

B.whose

C.who

D.why

◆关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。

The boss in whose company my father works is a kind person.

3、which, that：指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

The car which / that was stolen belongs to Jack. （which / that在句中作主语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is from London. (which / that在句中作宾语）（14·陕西）Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candidate for the position.（key: A）

A.that

B.which

C.as

D.what

注意：只能用that 的情况：

a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。先行词指人的时候，可以用who.

There are a large number of cars that are damaged in the flood.

There are 50 workers that / who demand to get their pay raised.

b) ★先行词是不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing, all, none, some, much,

few, little, the one,等，关系代词必须用that.

They did all that they could to help the poor. She is looking for something that was lost.

--Do you find anything that interests you very much?

--Sorry, there is little that interests me very much.

--Which book do you want?

--I want the one that has a blue cover.

c) ★先行词被all, every, some, any, no few, little等修饰，关系代词必须用that

Have you read any book that is written by Mark Twain?

We can find few rivers in the country that are clean and clear.

d) 先行词指的是事、物，而且被the only, the very修饰时，只用that。如果先行词是人，可以用who / whom。

This is the very computer that I want to buy.

It is the only chance that you must catch to go abroad.

You’re the very person who / whom I’m looking for.

e) ★先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that.

China is the first country that invented paper. This is the best film that I have ever seen. f) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

In her diary, Mary described the people and places that she saw on her journey to Yunnan. g) 在疑问句中，有疑问词which, who, 为了避免重复，定语从句只能用that引导：

Which is the computer that interests you most? Who is the person that broke the window? 注意：只能用which 的情况：

a) ★在引导非限定性定语从句时.

（15·湖南）It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages

b) ★介词后

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

◆定语从句中的主谓一致：

关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

Anyone who is over 20 can join the army.

I ,who am your friend , will help you.

This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

四、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1、when, where, why：关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此

常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：

（15·北京）Opposite is ST.Paul’s chu rch,where （in / at which）you can hear some lovely music.

（15·陕西）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when (at which) he should be able to be independent.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

（14·浙江）I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. (key : A)

A.when

B.where

C.which

D.why

2.★先行词为抽象地点的定语从句，关系副词用where。这些抽象地点的名词一般有situation（情况、情形）, stage（阶段）, case（情况、案例）, point（境地）,

position（处境、情势）, occasion（场合）, activity, story, atmosphere, job等。

（15·浙江）Creating an atmosphere where / in which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

（15·天津）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where / in which his employees enjoy their work..

Today, we will discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.

He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.

（14·福建）Students should involve themselves in community activities ______ they can gain experience for growth. (key: D)

A.who

B. when

C. which

D.where

五、限制性和非限制性定语从句

1、定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。①限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思；②非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开；③非限制性定语从句中的关系词不省略，且不用that引导。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.（非限制性）

◆限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在意义上有差异。试比较：

His brother who is nineteen years old is serving in the army now.

他的一个十九岁的哥哥正在不对服役。（表明他不止一个哥哥）

His brother, who is nineteen years old, is serving in the army now.

他的哥哥，今年十九岁，正在步队服役。（表明他只有一个哥哥）

2、非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰（这时从句谓语动词要用

第三人称单数）

考题（15·福建）China daily attracts a worldwide readership, ______ shows that more and

more people all over the world want to learn about china. (Key:D)

A.who

B.whom

C.that

D.which

3、★由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或

and that。as一般放在句首，也可以放在句中、句后，翻译成“正如、正像”。一般有以下搭配：as is known(to all), as we all know, as everyone can see, as is expected, as is reported, as we mentioned above, as was mentioned above, as is often the case（这是常有的情况）等。which一般放在主句后，翻译成“这”。

As we know, / As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

China is a developing country, as is known to all.

Lu Xun, as you know, was a great Chinese writer.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

考题（15·江苏）The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. （key : D ）

A.it

B. which

C.what

D.as

六、★介词+关系词引导的定语从句:

当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。作介词宾语的关系代词通常用which、whom, 有时用whose,但是whose后面必须有名词且whose+名词整个部分作介词的宾语。介词+which引导的定语从句修饰指物的先行词，介词+whom引导的定语从句修饰指人的先行词。

1、介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

（15·安徽）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.

Tom is the person with whom we went to the cinema.

Mr. Brown is the manager in whose company I have worked for ages.

Jack has collected over 2,000 stamps, most of which are valuable.

（15·重庆）He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.

We need 46 employees, 20 of whom should be girls.

考题（13·浙江）The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.

A.all of what

B.all of which

C.all of them

D.all of whom

（key: D）

注意：介词of 的含义？

方法点拨：在“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的确定应该遵循以下两个原则：

①根据从句中的谓语动词与先行词的习惯搭配。

This is the book for which I paid 25 yuan.

②根据介词与先行词的搭配。

He made a film in which he acted with a cartoon character.

七、几种易混淆的情况。

1、as引导的定语从句的特殊结构：the same… as/ the same …that ；such…as/ such …that

I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我已经陷入了和他一样的困境中。（定语从句）试比较以下例句：

This is the same watch as I lost. 这块表和我丢失的表一样。（两块表）

This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢失的那块表。（一块表）

I have never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲得故事。（定语从句）

◆She is such a kind teacher that we all like her.（结果状语从句）

2、当先行词是the way，且在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词使用that、in which或省略。

Call the gardener to tell us the way (in which / that) our poor dog had died.

in which you speak to her.

I don’t like the way that you speak to her.

----you speak to her.

3.特别注意：先行词在定语从句中的不同成分, 引导词不同:

a. This is the place where / in which he works.

This is the place that/ which /-we visited last year.

b. That was the time when/ on which he arrived.

Do you still remember the time that/ which/ - we spent together?

c. This is the reason why/ for which he went.

The reason that/ which/ -he gave us was quite reasonable.

4. He won’t eat unless he is really hungry, in which case he’ll eat almost anything.

He won’t eat unless he is really hungry and in that case he’ll eat almost anything.