商务英语阅读第二版长句汇总

Uniet 1

1.Once seen as the bad habit of an immature economy, China’s macro-economy control (state meddling) is now seen as a bulwark of stability. “Government control of the most capital-intensive sectors leaves me optimistic about China’s prospects”, says….

中国的国家干预曾被视为一个不成熟经济体的坏习惯，如今被视为稳定的防波堤。…安迪·罗斯曼（Andy Rothman）表示：“政府控制大部分资本密集型产业，这令我对中国的前景感到乐观。”

2.Even more farsighted is the new, landmark land-reform program, which would make it possible for Chinese peasants to rent or lease their land to outsiders. Simply figuring out who owns which properties can be a Byzantine task in China, so land reform could take decades--but the idea is already generating excitement. In November, real-estate consulting firm Jones Lang LaSalle estimated that land reform could unlock rural property worth as much as $2.5 trillion. Land reform will be China’s lasting legacy,”says JLL national research director Michael Klibaner. Turnning peasants into land-owning consumers could go a long way toward creating a consumer society, reducing China’s dependence on exports, and rebalancing the world economy.

更具远见的是新的、里程碑式的土地改革计划，让中国农民向外人（包括企业）出租土地或者租用土地成为一种可能。要搞清楚中国的财产所有权,可是一个错综复杂的问题，因此土地改革可能需要数十年时间，但这一想法已经让人兴奋。让农民变成拥有土地的消费者可以长时期大大推进创造一个消费型的社会，让中国减少对出口的依赖，让世界经济重获平衡。

3.Once Chinese leaders signal a new direction, they rarely waver, says Rothman. Witness the political battle over Americ an charges that China is deliberately holding down the value of the yuan to boost its exports, a charge that ignores the gradual 21.5% rise in the yuan that had already taken place between the summer of 2005 and 2008. While the yuan did fall a bit in recent months, most economists believe Beijing will continue to allow a modest appreciation, weighing its need for export competitiveness against the world’s need for more balanced trade flows.

以推进出口，却看不到在2005年夏天到2008年间人民币逐渐升值21.5%。尽管人民币最近贬值了一些，但大多数经济学家相信北京会继续容许温和的升值，在出口竞争力与世界对更平衡的贸易流的

Unit 2

1.Financial institutions that had seemed as solid as granite disappeared as if they were no more substantial than a bunch of flowers in the hands of an old-style magician.

原本坚如磐石的金融机构也消失了，似乎还不如老套的魔术师变的花束看起来真实。

2.As billions of poor people become more prosperous, they will be able to afford the comforts their counterparts in the rich world have long considered the normal appurtenances of life.

随着几十亿的贫苦人们开始变得富有起来，他们也将能够支付得起发达国家的人们所拥有过的享受，而这些享受长久以来在富人们眼中仅仅是普通的生活附属品而已。

3.The world is in a much better state than many expected it would be a year ago.

现在世界的状况比一年前我们所想象的要好的多。

4.Though Europe is wheezing under cascading sovereign-debt crises, it has so far avoided the worst-case scenarios —a collapse of the euro, a debt crisis that spills from small economies such as Greece and Ireland to much bigger ones like Italy and Spain, and bitter social unrest in those nations that are having to massage wages down while cutting public budgets。

尽管欧洲一直在一重接一重的主权外债危机下苟延残喘，但是它到目前为止已经避免了最糟糕的状况——欧元崩溃、债务危机从希腊和爱尔兰这样小的经济体蔓延到意大利和西班牙这样大得多的经济体，以及一些国家剧烈的社会骚乱，这些国家在缩减公共预算的同时不得不减少薪资。

5.Most economists expect the rebound to flatten out in 2011, with growth likely to be lower than in 2010. In mid-January, the World Bank estimated global GDP growth will slow to 3.3% in 2011 from 3.9% in 2010.

大多数经济学家预计2011年经济反弹会逐渐变平，经济增长也可能会低于2010年。一月中旬，世界银行估测全球GDP增长将由2010年的3.9%下降到2011年的3.3%。

6.In Britain, deep cuts in the budget mandated by Prime Minister David Cameron will most likely cost hundreds of thousands of public-sector jobs. In the U.S., the miserable condition of state and local governments' budgets is likewise leading to a job-killing retrenchment. Europe's imposition of austerity has led to heightened political conflict. Ballooning debts and feeble growth prospects for the advanced economies are reordering the investor's perception of risk.

在英国，首相戴维·卡梅伦大幅削减预算很可能会导致几十万人失业。在美国，国家和地方政府糟糕的预算同样也会导致工作岗位的紧缩。欧洲采取的财政紧缩政策也加剧了政治冲突。日渐高筑的债台以及发达经济体的疲软经济增长前景让投资者们开始重新审视风险。

7.U.S. politicians, with an ear to their constituents, are lobbying for protective tariffs if China does not allow its currency to appreciate. U.S. businesses, which have in the past been supportive of free trade and engagement with China, are beginning to sing with different voices.

如果中国不允许人民币升值，愿意听从选民意见的美国政客们将会游说保护性关税。而且，那些过去大力支持与中国进行自由贸易和合作的商业家们也开始唱反调。

8.In the U.S. and Europe, a certain helplessness in the face of huge economic forces is fueling a disaffection —which makes itself felt in different ways in different societies —with the global financial elites and the policymakers who are thought to have connived with them.

在美国和欧洲，面对巨大经济压力却无能为力的现象正激起着人们对全球的金融精英以及决策者的不满，认为金融精英与决策者们沆瀣一气，这种不满在不同社会表现形式不同。

9.How can a disaffection with global capitalism in the developed world be prevented from turning into a backlash against it? . 如何阻止人们对发达国家倡导的全球资本主义的不满演变为强烈抵制？。

10.The spirit of camaraderie forged in the early days of the financial crisis —all the hopeful meetings and optimistic communiqués of the G-20 —has been replaced by every-country-for-itself thinking. As nations scramble to protect their own people from the continued fallout of the Great Recession, the threat of currency and trade wars has become very real.

早期金融危机铸就的互助友爱的精神——20国集团所有的充满希望的会议和振奋人心的公告——都被各国自私利己的想法替代了。由于各国面对日趋严峻的大萧条境况，都急于保护本国人民的利益，因此货币和贸易之战已成为非常现实的威胁。

11."A minority is seen to have harvested a disproportionate amount of the fruits. Issues of economic disparity and equity at both the national and international levels are becoming increasingly important ... Politically, there are signs of resurgent nationalism and populism as well as social fragmentation.".

“全球化带来的好处似乎分布不均衡，”报告表明，“小部分地区似乎付出与收获并不成比例。国内和国际水平的经济差距与公平越来越重要……政治上，有民族主义，民粹主义以及社会分裂抬头的迹象。”。

12.None of these divisions —between and within nations —are ones that have to last for ever. But it will take hard work and creativity —both within discrete polities and in international forums —if they are not to cloud what should be the happy prospect of a world in which many, many more people live lives that are fulfilling and comfortable. We can see that meadow at the end of the woods. But we aren't in it yet.

国际和国内的这些分歧，没有一个会永远存在。世界的前景是美好的——越来越多的人们生活的非常充实与舒适，如果不想破坏如此美好的未来，他们就必须在解决国际与国内事务上努力工作，发挥创造力。我们已经可以看到灌

木丛深处的草木了，但是我们仍旧未进入到那个世界。

Unit 3

1.He gave up options to buy thousands of lots that the firm had snapped up across Arizona, Florida, Nevada and California during the boom, taking massive losses.

他没有买下经济繁荣时期公司在亚利桑那州、佛罗里达州、内华达州和加州搜罗到的房产，因此损失惨重。

2.Banks are also less willing to lend: they have tightened loan standards, with a push from regulators who now wish they had taken a dimmer view of exotic mortgages and lax lending during the boom.

银行也不太愿意借贷——银行已提高了他们的贷款发放标准，背后则是监管者的敦促。监管者们对于当初经济繁荣的时候没有更加谨慎的对待境外抵押贷款和实行宽松的借贷政策后悔不已。

3.Normally, deep recessions are followed by strong recoveries as pent-up demand reasserts itself.

一般情况下，经济萧条之后是强劲的复苏，因为累积已久的消费需求会重新发挥作用。或

一般情况下，随着消费需求不断累积，重新发挥作用，经济萧条之后是强劲的复苏。

4.In the recovery the economy might therefore be expected to grow by 6-8% and unemployment to fall steadily, as happened after two earlier recessions of comparable depth, in 1973-75 and 1981-82.

因此在经济复苏的过程中，经济总量可能会按照预估的6-8%的速度增长，失业率会持续下跌，1973-75 和1981-82的两次经济危机都与本次经济危机严重程度相似，也证明了这一点。

5.But this particular recession was triggered by a financial crisis that damaged the financial system's ability to channel savings to productive investment and left consumers and businesses struggling with surplus buildings, equipment and debt accumulated in the boom.

但是由于本次经济萧条是由金融危机引发的，后者严重削弱了金融体制有效分流投资的能力，使消费者和企业疲以应对（费力挣扎）在经济繁荣期积累下的多余建筑、装备和债务（中）。

6.So if America is to avoid the stagnation that afflicted Japan after its bubbles burst, where is the demand going to come from?

所以美国若想避免日本经济泡沫破碎之后出现的经济停滞，应该到哪里寻找强劲的需求呢？

7.A strengthening dollar and ample supply kept oil cheap for most of the 1990s, feeding America's addiction to imports. That began to change a few years before the crisis as the dollar fell and emerging markets' growing appetite put pressure on global production capacity.

强势的美元和充足的供应使得二十世纪九十年代的油价维持在较低水平，使美国过分依赖进口，而由于美元的贬值和新兴市场的强劲需求共同给全球能源生产能力施加了压力，这一状况在此次危机爆发之前的几年里开始改变。8.For the present the rise of knowledge-intensive global industries favours centres rich in infrastructure and specialised skills. Some are traditional urban cores such as New Y ork and some are suburban edge cities that offer jobs along with affordable houses and short commutes.

现在全球范围内不断崛起额知识密集型产业更加青睐那些拥有优良基础设施和熟练专业技能的城市中心。有一些是传统的城市核心比如纽约，另一些是近郊的城市，它们可以为市民提供就业机会和价格公道的房屋，上下班所需时间也不长。

9.Spending on equipment is expected to be fairly strong, having largely avoided excess in the boom period, and indeed in the fourth quarter of 2009 it raced ahead at an annual rate of 19%.

因为在经济繁荣期很大程度上已经避免了产能过剩的情况，对于仪器设备的消费应该会十分强劲。实际上在2009年第四季度，该项消费的年增长率达到了19%。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b13269437.html,petition from low-wage countries, mostly China, has increasingly taken over the markets of domestic industries such

as furniture, clothing or consumer electronics. Y et shifts in the pattern of global growth and the dollar are laying the groundwork for a boom in exports.

来自低工资国家这一次，赤字更大，世界其他各国经济更加不景气。经济年增速如果能够稳定在3%的水平也属不易，因为这会使美国的对外负债率逐渐下降。

11."This time the deficit started out a lot larger and the rest of the world is weaker. Still, even stabilisation around 3% would be a blessed relief because it would slow the growth in America's indebtedness to foreigners.

这一次，赤字更大，世界其他各国经济更加不景气。经济年增速如果能够稳定在3%的水平也属不易，因为这会使美国的对外负债率逐渐下降。

Unit 4

1.If Europe wants to become a global power to rival the U.S. and China then it needs to stop acting like a collection of rich, insular states and start fighting for its beliefs.

若欧洲想成为可以匹敌美中两国的全球大国，那么欧洲各国就再不能表现得像一群富有而又不问世事的乌合之众，而要开始为自己的信念而奋斗。

2.Europhiles dusted off their familiar dream: of a newly emboldened world power stepping up to calm trouble spots, using aid and persuasion where it could, but prepared to send in troops when it had to.

欧盟的支持者们的旧梦重焕光彩：以崭新的姿态成为一个更为果敢的世界超级大国，尽量采用援助或劝解的方式解决麻烦争端，不得已时也要准备动用武装力量。

3.At the same time, U.S. President Barack Obama announced he would be skipping an E.U.-U.S. confab in Spain in May, frustrated, it appeared, with the endless summitry that goes with accommodating the E.U.

与此同时，美国总统奥巴马宣布他将缺席5月份在西班牙举行的欧盟-美国会议，似乎是因为讨论欧洲议题时没完没了的首脑峰会让他泄气。

4.The dream didn't last a month. At the climate change conference in Copenhagen in December, it was China and the U.S. who haggled over a final deal, while Europe sat on the sidelines. Instead of a foreign policy triumph, 2010 began with an unseemly squabble over whether or not to bail out Greece, whose debt has dragged down Europe's currency.

好梦持续了不到一个月。在12月份的哥本哈根气候变化大会上，中美两国促成了最后协议，而欧洲则袖手旁观。2010年欧洲外交政策并无建树，而是年初一开始就为了是否对希腊施以援手争吵不休，希腊债务已经拖累了欧元。

5.The new setup looks like a parody of all that is wrong with the E.U., bureaucratic and complicated, built on least-bad options and seemingly designed to encourage turf wars rather than action.

从这个新机构的身上能找到欧盟所有弊端的影子，办事官僚、机构复杂，作出的决定都是属于“最不坏的决定”，这种设计看上去就是有利于互相扯皮、推诿责任；而非鼓励采取行动。

6.One senior European official frets that when it comes to the EU projecting itself, the choice of V an Rompuy and Ashton means the grouping will have to reconcile itself to five years of underperformance.

一个高级欧洲官员感到烦恼的是，就欧盟要表达自身诉求而言，既已选择范龙佩和阿什顿，这样的组合就意味着欧洲不得不接受未来五年内表现不会如意。

7.The modern conception of a united Europe was born in the embers of World War II and rested upon the notion that binding Germany’s fortunes to those of France and the rest of Europe could end the violence that had regularly engulfed the continent for centuries.

在二战的余烬中产生了一个联合的欧洲的现代构想，并认为将德国的命运与法国、以及欧洲其他国家的命运捆绑在一起，可以结束几个世纪以来绵绵不断的欧洲战乱。

8.Beyond its neighborhood, however, the EU has rarely punched its collective weight. The main reason for that, of c ourse, is that member states still like to defend and pursue their own national interests, rather than subsume them in a multinational body. There’s also a case—and plenty in Europe make it—that Europe is better off continuing to aim low.

然而，除了在周围地区出出声气，欧盟很少集体发力。当然主要的原因，是各成员国仍喜欢追逐本国利益、为本国利益辩护，而非将本国利益纳入多国机构体中考量。还有一个情况就是—这样想的欧洲人多的是—欧洲目标降低点日子会更好过。

9.In Africa, India, Latin America, leaders would fall over themselves to engage closely with a power that is neither the US nor China—both nations can come across as too powerful, too proselytizing of their own values, too prone to see their interaction with others solely in terms of their own national interests.

在非洲、印度和拉丁美洲，国家领导人不遗余力地拉拢美国中国以外的大国，美国和中国一样，都让人感觉太强大、太容易改变自己的信仰价值观，太明显地表现出与别国交往时只单纯考虑自己国家的利益。

10. Europe had done much of the running on global climate-change policy, setting carbon-reduction targets, introducing the first markets in which carbon could be traded, leading the way on exploiting greener energy sources.

欧洲在制定全球气候政策上出了不少力，如设立碳削减目标、引入第一批碳交易市场和带头进行更环保能源的开发.

11.European leaders arrived in the Danish capital giving the impression that setting an example would be enough to persuade others into making concessions. But the conference took a different turn. A group of developing countries threatened to walk out. With negotiations on the verge of collapse, Obama entered a room where delegates from China were meeting those from Brazil, India and South Africa. They struck a deal and then presented it to Europe and other participants.

欧洲各国首脑到达了丹麦首都，给人的印象是以身作则就足以说服别国进行让步。但是气候会议议程起了变化，一些发展中国家威胁要退出会议，谈判处于崩溃边缘.此时中国代表们与巴西、印度和南非的代表们共室商讨，，奥巴马走进加入,一起达成了协议并提交给欧洲及其他与会国.

12.In a bitter irony, it is one of modern Europe’s cherished convictions—that the force of arms rarely settles political for long—that inhibits it from being a more powerful player.

有点讽刺意味的是，现代欧洲人较为珍视的一个信念，是武装力量几乎无法永久解决政治争端的，正是这样的信仰使欧洲未能向更强政治大国迈进一步。

13.“The demilitarization of Europe—where large swaths of the general public and political class are averse to military force and the risks that go with it—has gone from a blessing in the 20th century to an impediment to achieving real security and lasting peace in the 21st.”

在“去军事化”的欧洲，各民众团体和政治阶层都反对军事力量干预及其潜在危险。去军事化在20世纪是以阻碍军事行动为准绳，到了21世纪目的是获得真正的长久的安全、和平。

14.But since the end of the Cold War, it has stepped back from the EU, regularly taking a different path when Europe attempted a unified policy notably during the financial crisis in 2008 and 2009), and strengthening ties with Russia, to the chagrin of Britain and France.

但是自从冷战结束后，它就从欧盟退却：在欧洲试图于2008-2009年经融危机实行统一政策时，它不时地另辟蹊径，

并加强了与俄罗斯的关系，令英法懊恼不已。

15.Others notice the failure of the EU to find a single voice. Instead of tackling that failing—an obvious priority for thi s century—Europe has spent much of the past few months obsessing over how Washington views it.

其余国家也注意到欧洲未能同声同气。但是欧洲并未去着手解决这个本世纪最首要任务，而是在过去的几个月花了很多时间纠结于美国如何看待自己。

Unit 6

1.Smoot-Hawley has become a reliable punch line because it is so regularly—and hyperbolically—invoked in the debate over international trade, a debate that has reignited recently as America's jobless recovery drags on.

在国际贸易中，《斯姆特-霍利关税法》已经引发了诸多争论，最近更成为美国就业市场恢复缓慢的罪魁祸首。

2.A newly released Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll found that 53% of the American public now believes that free-trade agreements have hurt the U.S., up from 46% three years ago and 32% in 1999.

《华尔街日报》和国家广播公司最近公布的民调发现，53%的美国公众认为，自由贸易协定伤害了美国，而2007年和1999年持这种观点的人分别为46%和32%。

3.If we want to avoid the sort of destructive, beggar-thy-neighbor trade wars that contributed to bringing down the world economy in the 1930s, we have to draw the right lessons from this chapter of our history.

如果我们想要避免这种将全球经济拉下马、“以邻为壑”的贸易大战，我们必须从历史中好好地汲取教训。

4.That said, the Smoot-Hawley tariff fully deserves its notoriety. It was an ill-timed and ill-judged piece of legislation that backfired spectacularly.

《斯姆特-霍利关税法》臭名昭著，完全是一部在不合适时机提出的有欠思考的法案,完全起到了与初衷相反的作用.

5.The tariff was originally proposed to help American farmers, who experienced a long downturn after enjoying high prices during the boom years of World War I. Low farm prices led to severe financial distress and mortgage defaults. Congress's first reaction was to pass agricultural price supports to boost farm income, but President Calvin Coolidge twice vetoed this legislation.

这部关税法起初是为了帮助在一战时经历了良好发展势头后长期遭受经济低迷的美国农场主，农业价格走低导致严重的财政困境和抵押违约情况。国会的第一反应是通过农业价格补贴法案以增加农民收入，但总统柯立芝两次否定了这部法案。

6.It is highly unlikely that the U.S. will revert back to a Smoot-Hawley mindset. The country is much more integrated into the world economy than it was then, and it is widely understood that trade disruptions would be much more costly.

美国不可能再重拾《斯姆特-霍利关税法》，其与世界经济的联系更加紧密，众所周知，破坏贸易需要付出的代价也更高。

7.Though some still claim that trade sanctions on China would create jobs in the U.S., the more likely effect would be to send those jobs to other developing countries with low wages. The Obama administration's punitive tariff on cheap tires from China, imposed late last year, has had no impact on domestic tire production and employment. The chief beneficiaries have been tire producers in Thailand and South Korea, whose exports to the U.S. have surged to replace those from China.

尽管一些人依然宣称对中国进行贸易制裁将在美国创造更多就业机会，但这些机会更有可能发生在低工资的发展中国家。奥巴马政府2009年末对中国廉价轮胎施行的惩罚性关税，对国内轮胎生产和就业市场未发生影响，受益最大的是泰国和韩国轮胎生产商，这两国的对美国出口大幅上升，取代了原来中国的份额。

8.Indeed, recently imposed Chinese duties on American poultry are widely thought to be payback for the Obama administration's tire tariff. This makes using trade sanctions against China a risky strategy.

事实上，人们广泛地认为，近来中国对美国家禽提高关税，就是对奥巴马政府征轮胎关税的反击。由于会存在报复，对中国实行贸易制裁是一项危险的策略。

9.Countries that clung to the gold standard were forced to maintain tight monetary policies. Because they could not print money to counteract the deflationary forces that had taken hold of the world economy, they imposed higher tariffs, import quotas and exchange controls to restrict imports.

坚持金本位制度的国家被迫采取紧缩货币政策。因为他们没有能力印刷足够货币，抵消受全球现象影响的通货紧缩产生的压力，他们只能通过提高关税、施行进口配额和控制汇率来限制进口。

10. By contrast, countries that went off the gold standard and allowed their currencies to depreciate did not have to resort to protectionist trade measures. They used monetary policy to end the crippling price deflation and restore economic growth.

与此相反，那些摆脱金本位制度、允许货币贬值的国家，不必采取贸易保护措施。他们利用货币政策来终结后果严重的通货紧缩、恢复经济增长。

11.If all major central banks were to intervene on foreign exchange markets to drive down the value of their own currencies, none would succeed in changing nominal exchange rates, but it would be equivalent to a world-wide easing of monetary policy. A more relaxed monetary stance was critical to ending the Depression in the 1930s. Had it been coordinated so that exchange rates did not change abruptly, protectionism could have been kept at bay.

如果所有大国央行都干预外汇市场，努力压低本国货币价值，没有人能够成功恢复正常汇率（改变名义汇率），这就相当于在世界范围内采取放松货币政策。更轻松的货币立场是20世纪30年代大萧条终结的关键。如果保持了这种情况，使得汇率不突然发生改变，贸易保护主义原本是可以得到遏制的。

12.There has been a very public debate recently among the presidents of the Federal Reserve banks over the future course of policy and whether additional steps to ease monetary policy are warranted. Sentiment now seems to be in favor of a new round of "quantitative easing"—that is, of increasing the money supply.

但是近来，联邦储备银行的行长们就货币政策的未来和是否应该采取额外措施解决货币政策的问题，产生激烈争议，很多人倾向于采取增加货币供应量的“定量宽松”政策。

13.Right now, Congress is geared up to blame other countries for our jobless recovery. If the Fed were to act more decisively, it would not only help the economy, but also help to fend off protectionist measures that could do lasting economic damage. 现在，国会已做好准备姿态，责备其他国家影响我们的就业市场恢复。如果美联储能够更果决地行动起来，不仅能够帮助美国经济，也能帮助挡开对经济造成持续性伤害的贸易保护措施。

Unit 7

1.The problem is that would-be buyers lack either the income or the access to credit that would allow them to drive a new Malibu or Lincoln or Camry off the lot. That won’t last forever; in fact, the automobile business figures to be good in 2011 and terrific in 2012—which also happens to be an election year.

问题在于那些准顾客既缺乏收入，也缺少贷款渠道，而这些恰是他们从卖场开回家一辆新的马里布、林肯或凯美瑞的必备条件。然而，这个问题不会永久持续。事实上，有数据表明，汽车行业在2011年将会好转，2012年则会更好—2012年正值大选之年。

2.The to-do list presented to GM by the president’s auto task force is stark and steep: shrink labor costs, including retiree health-care expenses; slash-debt; kill or sell low-performing brands; and reduce the number of models for sale and the number of dealers selling them.

由总统的汽车业特别工作组提交给通用公司的待办事项清单是严格而又苛刻的：削减劳动力成本，包括削减退休人员的医疗费用；削减债务；停止运营或出售不良品牌；减少所销售汽车的型号和经销商的数量。

3.In that sense, GM is getting off easy: Obama’s task force gave Chrysler just 30 days to seal its proposed partnership with Italy’s Fiat Group—or else join the likes of American Motors, Packard and Studebaker in the auto graveyard. If Chrysler gets the deal done, the government will lend it $6 billion to sustain its operations. But Chrysler’s owner, Cerberus Capital Management, will leave with zero of its $7.4 billion original investment.

从时间限制来说，通用汽车将会轻松地摆脱困境：想想看奥巴马的特别工作组只给了克莱斯勒30天期限，签订其与意大利菲亚特集团商讨中的合作合约—否则克莱斯勒将和美国汽车公司、帕克德和斯图德贝克等之流的品牌一样，消失于汽车行业。一旦克莱斯勒达成了这项交易，政府将贷款60亿美元给其维持其运营。但是克莱斯勒的持有者，博龙资产管理有限公司74亿的原始投资资金将全部付诸东流。

4.The landscape of the U.S. auto industry, in other words, is about to be radically reshaped. So what will its future look like? It’s difficult to imagine today, with consumers hunkering down, car loans drying up and the Detroit Three struggling to service, but the global car business may be on the verge of a big upswing in demand.

换言之，美国汽车业的版图即将发生根本性的变化。那么其前景会如何呢？要对前景作想象在目前是挺难的，且不说消费者按兵不动，汽车贷款枯竭，连底特律三大汽车巨头也求生艰难，但是全球汽车行业可能就要迎来大幅上升的需求。

5.Bloom has taken the lead in trying to negotiate the sale of 20%(at least initially) of Chrysler to Fiat. His position has been undercut by Chrysler’s tenuous finances, leaving Fiat holding the cards at the negotiating table. The $6 billion sweetener from the government essentially amounts to a dowry for Fiat to take the ugly bride off America’s hands.

布鲁姆已经先行一步，试图通过谈判将20%（最起码刚开始是这个数字）克莱斯勒的股权售给菲亚特。但克莱斯勒薄弱的财力削弱了布鲁姆的有利地位，所以菲亚特在谈判中掌握局势、稳操胜券。它从美国政府得到的60亿美元的甜头，就好比是嫁妆，让菲亚特从美国手上娶了克莱斯勒这个丑陋新娘。

6.Standing in the way of the Administration's plans for the auto industry would win them few friends. One option the bondholders have is to try to seize the factories. But that would jeopardize the partsmakers too, and the banks are also holding the paper for many industry suppliers. If the factories shut down as a result of a legal battle, so would the partsmakers.

阻碍政府对汽车制造业的计划会使他们拥有极少的朋友。公司债券持有人可以选择试着扣押工厂。但这同样将使零部件生产商陷入困境，而且银行业也持有许多供应产商的抵押物。如果法律战最终导致众工厂倒闭，那么供应商也将倒闭。

7.The UA W feels particularly aggrieved because it has agreed to an unending series of givebacks over the past 20 years. Even before this latest crisis, the UA W had assented to the 2007 contract, which would have put Detroit ‘s labor cost per car within a couple of hundred dollars of Toyota’s and the other transplants’.

美国汽车工人联合会尤其觉得委屈，因为二十年来该联合会作出了一系列没完没了的退让。即使在最后这次危机之前，联合会也已经同意了2007年的合同。本来依照这个合同，底特律每生产一部车的人工费用将控制在两百美元内，与丰田和其他的外国移植厂的相同。

8.Once the dust settles, the new GM, or whatever replaces it, is likely to see a marketplace of consumers finally ready to spend money on new cars. GM’s executives aren’t entirely off base in thinking that pent-up demand is building, because it is.

一旦尘埃落定，新的通用公司，或是别的什么名称的替代公司，有可能会迎来终于准备购买新车的消费者。通用公司的经理们认为被抑制的需求正在逐步积累，这一想法也不是没有根据的。

9.Even if this recession lingers longer than expected, results will pick up substantially in 2011. Analyst Luedeman predicts that sales in North America will bottom out at 8.4 million units this year (others say slightly higher), then jump to 10.2 million in 2010, a 21% improvement.

即使这次萧条持续的时间比预计的要更久，销售量数据也会在2011年大幅度回升的。分析师卢德曼预测，北美今年的销售量将diezhi有史以来最低谷的840万辆，hou见底回升到2010年的1002万辆，增长21%。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1b13269437.html,stly, the auto demand curve is a leading indicator out of a recession. Any GDP growth will correlate directly with auto sales—until growth reaches 4%. At that point, sales growth then turbocharges to about 7%, if the past is any measure. Analysts insist that when you combine the replacement demand, scrappage rates, demographic changes and an economic recovery, there’s a case to be made that North American demand will approach 16 million units within five years.

最后，汽车需求曲线图是该行业要走出萧条的一个先行标志。若以史为鉴，国民生产总值年增长在4%以下时，增长的每个百分点都会与汽车销售量直接相关。当年增长率在4%时，销售量增长率会速升至7%。分析师们坚信，如果综合置换新车需求、旧车报废率、人口变化和经济恢复等因素，可以认为北美的市场需求将在5年内达到1600万辆。

11.Ford, which is in the best shape of the Detroit Three, has found success in its new Edge, in its F-150 pickup and in a global structuring that will bring the best products from its overseas operations to the U.S. If there are new labor contracts in place, the domestic automakers also stand to be cost-competitive with the transplants, which will translate to more profit per car, even if selling smaller cars means fewer sales dollars.

福特是底特律三大公司中情况较好的。它的新款“锐界”和F-150皮卡车已经获得成功，并成功进行了全球性的重组，准备将它在海外运营得最好的产品带到美国。如果新的劳动合同就绪，国内的汽车厂家和这些“移植厂”相比，也会有价格竞争力，即使卖小型点的车的利润会更薄点，也意味着每辆车就会有更多的利润。

12.A downsized, revitalized U.S. car industry will still be playing catch-up. Millions of car buyers won’t consider U.S. brands for some time to come; the perception that they are inferior lingers long beyond the reality that they are not.经过瘦身并重新注入活力的美国汽车工业仍将争取复兴。成百上千万的买家在一段时间内是不会考虑美国品牌的；他们觉得美国品牌比较差，事实上美国品牌早就不是这么差了。

Unit 8

1.How's this for a gripping corporate story line: Y outhful founder gets booted from his company in the 1980s, returns in the 1990s, and in the following decade survives two brushes with death, one securities-law scandal, an also-ran product lineup, and his own often unpleasant demeanor to become the dominant personality in four distinct industries, a billionaire many times over, and CEO of the most valuable company in Silicon V alley.

这是一段扣人心弦的创业故事:年轻的乔布斯作为苹果的创始人,于80年代被赶出苹果,于90年代回归,在随后的10年中两次与死神擦肩而过,并违反证券法的丑闻,但是他领导苹果开发的一系列产品一直到今天还很畅销,他经常作出的一些令人不愉快的行为成为四个不同行业的主流个性,多次荣登亿万富豪榜,担任硅谷最具价值公司的CEO。

2.After a six-month leave of absence in the early part of this year, during which he received a liver transplant, he is once again commanding a 34,000-strong corporate army that is as powerful, awe-inspiring, creative, secretive, bullying, arrogant

-- and yes, profitable -- as at any time since he and his chum Steve Wozniak founded Apple in 1976.

经过上半年长达6个月的病休之后,他又精神抖擞地出现在3.4万苹果员工的面前。他在病休的期间接受了肝脏移植手术。然而他现在再次能够指挥苹果这家拥有3.4万名员工的庞大公司,并保持苹果的创造力、保密能力、傲慢的态度,以及盈利能力,就像他与史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克(Steve Wozniak)1976年共同创立苹果以后的任何时刻一样。

3.Superlatives have attached themselves to Jobs since he was a young man. Now that he's 54, merely listing his achievements is sufficient explanation of why he's Fortune's CEO of the Decade (though the superlatives continue). In the past 10 years alone he has radically and lucratively reordered three markets -- music, movies, and mobile telephones -- and his impact on his original industry, computing, has only grown.

在乔布斯年轻的时候,他的身边就聚集了一大批富有才干的追随者.现在乔布斯已经到了54岁,仅仅是简单地列出他的辉煌成就就足以解释他为什么能够当选财富杂志的“十年CEO”。仅在过去的十年里,他就从根本上改变了音乐、电影和手机等三大市场的格局，盈利丰厚。而他对最初起家的计算机行业的影响力也是有增无减。

4.In all instances, and many more like them, these entrepreneurs turned captains of industry defined a single market that had previously not been dominated by anyone. The industries that Jobs has turned topsy-turvy already existed when he focused on them.

尽管这些企业家改变了行业发展方向,但这些行业此前都没有任何一家公司处于统治地位。而乔布斯涉足的行业则不同,在他进军这些行业之初,行业内部就存在一些大公司。

5.Y et for all his hanging out with copywriters and industrial designers and musicians -- and despite his anticorporate attire -- make no mistake: Jobs is all about business. He may not pay attention to customer research, but he works slavishly to make products customers will buy.

不过,看看乔布斯在与撰稿人、行业设计师、音乐家打交道时的方式, 虽然他的着装不太正统和讲究, 但是别搞错了,乔布斯实际上是一名商业家。他或许并不关注消费者研究,但是他会非常勤奋地工作以生产出客户愿意购买的产品.

6.He's a visionary, but he's grounded in reality too, closely monitoring Apple's various operational and market metrics. He isn't motivated by money, says friend Larry Ellison, CEO of Oracle. Rather, Jobs is understandably driven by a visceral ardor for Apple, his first love (to which he returned after being spurned -- proof that you can go home again) and the vehicle through which he can be both an arbiter of cool and a force for changing the world.

乔布斯充满远见, 但他同时也是脚踏实地的,密切关注苹果在不同领域的运营情况和各类市场指标。他的好友、甲骨文首席执行官拉里埃利森说, 乔布斯并不是受金钱利益推动的人。他的一切行为更多是出于对苹果的热爱,通过苹果这个媒介,他既是冷酷的裁决者,又是改变世界的执行者。

7.Its market share in personal computers was plummeting back then, and the cash drain was so severe that bankruptcy was a possibility. Now Apple has $34 billion in cash and marketable securities, surpassing the total market cap of rival Dell. Macintoshes make up 9% of the PC market in the U.S. today, but that share is increasingly beside the point.

当时苹果在个人电脑市场的份额曾一度暴跌,而现金流危机甚至导致苹果面临破产的风险。现在苹果手中的现金和可出售证券的总价值达到340亿美元,超过了竞争对手戴尔的总市值。麦金塔电脑在今天美国个人电脑市场上的份额达到了9％,而且还在继续增长。With Jobs back at the helm of his company, plenty of challenges lie ahead. Will the Goliath role suit him nearly as well as playing David clearly has? How will he respond to the competition he has awakened, particularly in smartphones, even as the personal computer fades in relative importance? Has he fashioned an organization

that can succeed him? Can he possibly be as dominant in the decade to come as the one that is ending?

随着乔布斯回归苹果,他未来也面临一系列挑战。乔布斯以往是一个挑战者,他是否也能扮演好一个行业巨人的角色？他将如何应对智能手机领域的竞争,以及个人电脑行业重要性的下降？他是否能引导苹果在“后乔布斯”时代继续发展？他在未来10年中是否能像过去10年一样成为主导者？

8.The "decade" of Steve actually began in 1997, when he returned to Apple after having been ousted a dozen years earlier. That was a year of triage, of a humbling investment from Microsoft, of paring Apple's product line to a bare minimum of four computers.

乔布斯的十年实际上始于1997年,当时的乔布斯在离开了公司12年之后刚刚回归。那是苹果必须做出抉择的一年,苹果得到了微软的大笔投资,同时将产品线削减到只剩四款电脑。

9.Jobs laid the foundation for Apple's leap from stable to stratospheric when things looked darkest. In 2000, Apple missed its financial targets in a September earnings announcement, sending its stock price plummeting in subsequent months to the equivalent of $7 in today's prices. Y et Jobs by this time had set in motion the key elements of Apple's rejuvenation.

在一切看起来都还正处于最黑暗的时候,乔布斯就开始为苹果日后的飞跃式发展打基础。苹果在2000年9月份发布的财报未能达到预期目标,股价在随后的几个月里持续下跌,一直跌到相当于如今的7美元的水平上。然而乔布斯到彼时为止已经为苹果东山再起埋下了契机。

10.As the company's stock languished, takeover rumors appeared from time to time. What was never reported was that Jobs seriously contemplated taking the company private with the help of newly formed buyout group Silver Lake Partners. An Apple buyout would have been the deal of the century, but according to people familiar with the talks, Jobs ultimately shut them down.

当苹果的股价一蹶不振的时候,市场不时会传出苹果即将被收购的传闻。鲜为人知的是,乔布斯当时确实慎重考虑过在收购集团银湖的帮助下将苹果私有化的方案。收购苹果可能会成为整个世纪最大的交易,但是据知情人士称,乔布斯最终放弃了那个想法。

11.Jobs made it his business to know everything about Apple. "He's involved in details you wouldn't think a CEO would be involved in," says Ken Segall, a former Chiat/Day creative director who has worked with Apple on and off for years. Jobs commissioned the iconic "Think different" campaign, says Segall, well before any of Apple's new products were introduced -- or even described to the ad team.

乔布斯将彻底了解苹果当作自己的任务。曾经与苹果断断续续地合作了几年的前Chiat/Day创意总监Ken Segall说:“乔布斯参与了许多非常细致的工作,细致到你是绝对不会认为公司的首席执行官居然会去参与。”Segall说,每当苹果将要推出新产品之前,乔布斯都会发起了著名的“换个思路”活动。他甚至将这个活动推广到了广告团队。

12.The rare pairing of micromanagement with big-picture vision is a Jobs hallmark. Early in his return to Apple, he recognized that gorgeous design was a differentiator for Apple in a computer industry gripped by the successful blandness of Dell, Microsoft, and Intel.

同时兼顾细节管理和大局观是乔布斯的特色标志.在刚刚回到苹果的时候,他便意识到产品的精美设计是苹果区别于当时由戴尔、微软和英特尔等厂商引领的计算机行业的因素之一。

13."By the time Steve Jobs came around, he was the last resort. He was merely smart enough to know it. He played tough, but not any tougher than any lawyer for a major label who had negotiated an artist contract in recent decades."

“乔布斯重返苹果的时候,他已经是孤注一掷了。只是他很聪明,知道该怎么做。他做得很辛苦,但是再怎么辛苦也比不上最近几十年以来唱片公司的任何一位律师在艺人合同中进行的谈判那么艰难.”

14.Nobody in Jobs' sphere speaks without the permission of the company's media relations team, which reports directly to Jobs. Apple declined to make Jobs available for an interview for this article. It did bless the participation of some people in Apple's orbit to speak about him, while nixing requests for others.

在乔布斯的管理下,在没有得到公司媒体关系部同意的情况下,谁都无权公开发表意见。据说媒体关系部是直接由乔布斯负责的。在撰写本文之前,记者曾想给乔布斯作个专访,但是苹果拒绝了。这种情况对某些苹果圈内人士独家作有关乔布斯的发言非常有利，但是对其他媒体人来讲却是求访无门。

15.Jobs was initially mum as well about a stock options backdating scandal that embroiled the company's former finance chief and general counsel. In an eventual SEC filing, Apple said Jobs was aware that the company had adjusted option grant dates so that the grants were more profitable for employees. Jobs apologized for the backdating, calling the episode "completely out of character for Apple."

对于那起将苹果前首席财务官和法律顾问都牵连进去的股票期权倒填日期丑闻,乔布斯一开始保持沉默态度。在最后提交给证券交易委员会的文件中,苹果承认乔布斯在这件事上是知情的。为此,乔布斯公开发表了道歉,并且声称这个小插曲绝非苹果的本性。

16.There are signs that Jobs has inculcated the troops enough to last awhile without him. "The organization has been thoroughly trained to think like Steve," says someone with contacts among the Apple executive team. "That's why the six months went so smoothly. People could envision, 'This is what Steve would do.'"

现在已经有迹象表明,乔布斯已经开始教育他的团队,让他们能够在他暂时离开的时候维持公司的正常运作。一位认识苹果高管团队中的某些高管的知情人士说:“整个公司都已经被彻底被培训过了,完全象乔布斯那样去思考问题。这就是为什么苹果在乔布斯离开的6个月里能够运作平稳的原因。人们会想,如果乔布斯在,他肯定也会这么做。”

17.Looking out on the next decade, Jobs may well be asking himself a variation of that very question: After creating more than $150 billion in shareholder wealth, transforming movies, telecom, music, and computing (and profoundly influencing the worlds of retail and design), what should Steve Jobs do next? Given his penchant for secrecy and surprise and his proven brilliance, it's a fair bet that he'll let us know when he's good and ready.

展望下一个十年,乔布斯也许会这样问自己：在创造了1500亿美元的股东价值,改变了电影、电信、音乐、计算甚至零食和设计等行业之后,他下一步该做些什么呢? 鉴于他喜欢保密和给人意外惊喜的惯例,我们不妨等他自己身体好了后、在合适的时候为我们解答这个问题。