2013年新版自考英语(二)第四单元讲义

Unit 4 The Joy of Work

I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions

Ne w wor ds

1. b les s ing n. 好事；有益之事

2. s ubs is te nc e n. 勉强维持生活；生计

3. s ugar c a ne n. 甘蔗

4. c or n n. 玉米

5. ho g n. 猪

6. c as h n. 现金

7. da ir y adj. 乳品业的；生产乳品的n. 牛奶场；乳制品

区分：da ir y / di ar y

8. c om plain v. 抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚

c om plaint

c om plain t o s b. a bo ut s th.

c om plain of a s p lit ti ng h ea

d ac he

9. c ar pen ter n. 木工；木匠

10. c om m itted adj. 尽心尽力的：坚信的；坚定的

c om m it an er r or

c om m it a c r im e

c om m it s uic ide

c om m it ones elf to (doi ng) s th.

be c om m itted to (d oin g) s th.

c om m itm ent

11. br ic k n. 砖；砖块

12. h am m er n. 锤子；榔头

13. es c or t n. 护送者；护卫队

14. r em ind v. 提醒；使想起

15. vic t im n. 受害者；牺牲品

f all vic t im to s th.

16. ide olo g y n. 意识形态：观念形态

17. t er r or is m n. 恐怖主义

18. d epr es s io n n. 萧条期；经济衰退；不景气

depr es s

depr es s e d 沮丧的；萧条的

19. u nr es t n. 动荡；动乱；骚动

20. il leg al adj. 不合法的；非法的；违法的

il是in的变体，否定前缀，再如：il lo gic al

ir, im都是in的变体，如：ir r egu lar, ir r es p o ns ibl e, im bala nc ed, i m poss ible, im m obile

21. im m igr ant n.（外来）移民；外侨

22. tr af f ick ing n. 非法交易；非法买卖

c结尾的词变形时先加k，如tr aff ick er, panic k er, pic nic k er, tr aff ick ing, pan ic k ing

23. d ea ler n. 贩毒者；毒品贩子

dea l in s th.

c ar / dr ug de aler

dea l w ith s t h.

24. g ang n. 一帮，一群，一伙（闹事、斗殴的年轻人）

25. c on tr ib ute v. 增加；增进；添加（到某物）

26. q uit v. 停止；戒掉

Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons

1. br i ng in 赚得；挣

2. ek e out a l iv in g 竭力维持生计；勉强度日

3. s ink in 被完全理解；被充分意识到

4. l ook f or wa r d to （高兴地）盼望，期待

5. o ver a nd o v er aga i n 多次；反复地；一再

6. be pr ep ar ed f or准备好；有所准备

7. be li ev e i n 认为某事好（对、可接受）

II. T ex t Lear n ing

W ork Is a Bl es s ing

① I gr ew up in L ak ela nd, Lo uis i ana, one of 12 c hil dr en. W e all li v ed on m y par ents' s ubs is te nc e f ar m（自给自足的农场）. W e gr ew c otto n, s ugar c ane, c or n, hogs, c h ic k ens and had a l ar ge gar d en, b ut it d idn't br i ng in m uc h

c as h. S o w hen I was 12, I got a par t-t im e j ob on a da ir y f ar m do wn the r o ad, hel pin g to m ilk c ows. W e m ilk e

d 65 c ows at 5 in th

e m or ning, and aga in at 2 in t h e a

f ter no on, s ev e n da ys a w eek.

② In t he k itc hen one Satur da y bef or e da yl i ght, I r ii ber c om plain i ng to m y

f ather and gr an df athe r about h av in

g t o go m ilk thos e c ows. M y f ather s ai d, "Ya k now, bo y, t o wor k is a bles s ing."

③ I l ook ed at t hos e t wo m en w ho'd wo r k ed har der t han I e ver ha d - m y

f ather ek in

g ou t a li vi ng o n t

h at f ar m, and m y gr andf ath er f arm ing a nd

wor k ing as a c ar p ent e r dur i ng the D epr es s i on. (1)I h ad a f eel ing I ha d bee n

told s om ethin g r ea ll y i m por tant, but it t ook m an y ye ar s bef or e it s ank in.（承上、总结的话）

④ G oi ng t o c o lle ge w as a r ar e pr i vi leg e f or a k id f r om Lak eland, Lou is ian a. M y f ath er to ld m e if I pic k ed s om ething to s tud y th at I lik ed do in g, I'd

al wa ys l ook f or war d t o m y wor k. But he als o ad ded, "E ven ha vi n g a j ob yo u hate is be tter th an no t h a vi ng a j ob at al l." I want ed t o b e a f ar m er, but I j oined t he R O T C（美）后备军官训练队，预备役军官训练营（R es er v e O ff ic er s' T r aining C or ps）pr o gr am to help p a y f or c oll ege. (2)An d wh at s tar ted o ut as an ob li gat io n to t he Ar m y bec am e a wa y o f lif e that I s ta yed c om m itted to f or 37 ye ar s, thr ee m onths a nd t hr ee da ys.

本部分重点及难点：

1. I h ad a f eel ing I ha d be en t old s om ethin g r eal l y im por tant, bu t it t ook

m an y year s b ef or e it s ank in. 我有种感觉--父亲跟我说了一些确实重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解。

s ink in: be und er s too d

It took m an y year s f or the t eac her s'wo r ds to s ink in.

2. A nd what s tar t ed o ut as a n ob li gat ion to the Ar m y bec am e a w a y of lif e that I s t a ye d c om m itted to f or 37 ye ar s, thr ee m onths and thr ee da ys.

(1) an o bl igat io n to th e Ar m y 对于部队的义务

(2) a wa y of l if e 生活方式

(3) s ta y / be c om m itted to 致力于

He h as bee n c om m itted to wor k ing f or the peop le hear t an d s ou l f or m or e than t wen t y ye ar s.

(4)译文：当时的"义务"从军便成为了我的生活方式--我在部队服役长达37 年三个月零三天。

⑤ In t he lat e 1980s, dur in g a v is it t o B ang lad es h, I s a w a wom an wit h h er bab y o n her bac k, br eak ing br ic k s with a h a m m er. I ask ed a B ang lad es h

m ilitar y es c or t w h y th e y wer en't us in g a m ac hine, wh ic h wo uld ha ve b ee n a lot eas ier. H e t ol d m e a m ac hine wo ul d pu t that lad y out of wor k. Br eak ing thos e br ic k s m eant s he'd ear n en oug h m one y t o f eed her s elf an d her ba b y that da y. (3)A nd as b ad as t hat w om an's j ob was, it was eno ugh to k eep a sm all f am il y a li ve. It r iin ded m e of m y f athe r's wor ds: to wor k is a bl es s ing.（承上、总结的句子）

本部分重点及难点：

3. An d as bad as that wom an's j ob was, it was enou gh to k eep a s m all f am il y ali ve.

此处疑似错句，应省略前面的as，即改为：A nd ba d as that wom an's j ob was, it was en oug h to k eep a sm all f am il y al iv e. 虽然她的工作实在很糟糕，但那却足够养活一个小家庭。

as意为"虽然"，用于倒装，句式如下：

T hough h e is ver y yo ung, he is v er y lear n e d.=You ng as he is, h e is v er y lear n ed.

T hough h e is a n o ld m an, he is ver y e ner ge t ic.=O l d m an as he is, he is v er y ener g etic.

T hough I lik e him ver y m uc h, I won't do his hom ewor k f or him.

=Muc h as I lik e him, I won't d o h is ho m ewor k f or him.

T hough h e tr ie d, h e f ail ed aga in.=T r y as h e di d, h e f ail ed aga in.

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】7. _______, he is ver y ge ntl e a nd h as a s wee t v oic e.

A．As h e is bo y

B．As h e is a bo y

C． A b o y as he is

D．Bo y as h e is

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查as用于倒装句。A lth oug h/thou gh h e is a bo y=b o y as he is，这里一定要注意的是修饰可数名词单数形式的不定冠词要省略。这句话的意

思是"虽然他是个男孩，他非常温和而且声音甜美。"

【知识点】as用于倒装句

⑥ Ser vi ng in t he U nit ed S tates Ar m y o ver s eas, I s a w a l ot of pe opl e l ik e that w om an in Ban gl a des h. And I'v e c om e to be li ev e th at p eop le w ith out

j obs ar e no t f r ee. T hey'r e vic tim s of c r im e, the ide olo g y of ter r or i sm, poor hea lth, depr es s ion an d s oc ia l unr es t. T hes e v ic tim s bec om e the il leg al

im m igr ants, the s la ve s of hum an tr aff ick ing, the dr ug dea ler s, a n d the

s tr eet ga ng m iber s. I've s e en it o ver and o ver a gai n o n th e U.S. bor der, in Som alia, the Con go, Af ghan is tan and in N e w O r lea ns. P eop le w ho h av e

j obs c an h av e a hom e, s end the ir k ids to s c hoo l, d ev el op a s ens e of pr ide, c ontr ibu te to the g ood of the c om m unit y an d e ven h elp ot her s. W hen we c a n wor k, we ar e f r ee. （总结概括的句子）W e ar e bl es s ed.

⑦ I d on't t hi nk I'll e v er qu it wor k ing. I'm r etir ed f r om the Ar m y, b ut I'm s till wor k ing to h el p pe op l e be pr ep ar ed f or dis as ter s. An d I m a y get to d o a

litt le f ar m ing s om eday, to o. I'm not go in g t o s top. I be li ev e i n m y f at her's wor ds. I b el ie ve in t h e bl es s ing of w or k.

III. 部分练习讲解

P168 Br idg in g th e G a p

Dir ec tio ns: F i ll in the bla nk s with a wor d or a phr as e tha t b es t c o m pletes the p as s age. Yo u m ay c ho os e a s u ita ble o ne f r om the lis t g iv en.

解题方法：把词分类

动词名词形容词

im pr ove w ei ght s tr es s ed

c hec k out pr ior i t y dif f er ent

c lear i ng a w a y r out i ne r o ut in e

ar r ive r out e

W e all ge t th e Mo nd a y b lues f r om tim e to ti m e, but ther e ar e wa ys to 1

im pr ove yo ur wor k ing l if e and be hap p y at wor k. If you'r e g oi ng t h r ough a

r ough patc h（经历难关，经历一段困难时期）at wor k or ar e l ac k ing j ob

s atis f ac tion, 2 c hec k outth es e wa ys to boo s t your m ood an d h av e a h app ie r wor k da y.

If yo ur w or k da y of ten lea ves yo u f eel in g 3 s tr es s ed and ov er whe l m ed, it is tim e to c alm thi ngs do w n b y get tin g m or e or gan i zed. F ir s tl y, m ak e s ur e you

4 ar r iv e a f e w m inutes ear l y f or wor k to gi ve yo u t im e to or gan i ze your tas k s

f or the d a y an d get m enta ll y pr epar ed. Sec ond l y, or

g ani ze your s pac e b y 5 c lear i ng a w a ya n y c lut ter and s tr eam lin ing your wor k s pac e. F inal l y, m ak e a lis t of e ver yt hi ng t hat yo u ne ed t o d o t

h at da y in or der of 6 pr ior it y. lf yo u c an, tr y tak ing c ar e o f the m or e dif f ic ult th

i ngs f ir s t to he lp t ak e a 7

weig htof f your m ind.

Var i et y is th e s pic e of lif e, a nd t his is ne ver tr uer th an when it c o m es to yo ur wor k ing da y. F ol lo w ing the s am e 8 r o utin eda y in, da y o ut c an q uic k l y

c aus e b or edom an

d d i s s atis f ac tion t o s et in, s o tr y m ak ing

e ver y d a y a lit tle

9 dif f er enti n an y wa y yo u c an. T r y do in g r o utin e tas k s in a d if f erent or d er, talk ing t o s om eone n e w or tak ing a d if f er ent 10 r oute to wor k. If yo u r eal l y c an't s hak e up（重组）your wor k da y its e lf, i ns tead tr y or ga ni zi ng s om ethin g f un and dif f er ent to d o on yo ur l unc h br e ak ev er y s o of ten.

I. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ions

Ne w wor ds

1. par a dox n. 矛盾的人（或事情、情况）

2. s im ultane ous a dj. 同时发生（或进行）的；同步的

3. r e war d n. 奖励；回报；报酬

4. en tr epr en eur n. 创业者；企业家

5. ex c lu de v. 把…排斥在外；防止…进入；阻止…参加

6. tr ag ic adj. 悲惨的；悲痛的；可悲的

tr age d y

tr age di an 悲剧演员，悲剧作家

c om e

d y

7. pas s i on n. ?烈情感；激情

pas s io nate

8. s oun d a dj. 明智的；合理的；正确的；可靠的

9. pr oc es s n.（为达到某一目标的）过程；进程

10. c r uc ia l a dj. 至关重要的；关键的

11. pr iv il ege d a dj. 荣幸的；幸运的

12. m otiva tio n n. 动机；原因

13. pr ior it i ze v. 按重要性排列；划分优先顺序

pr ior

pr ior it y

-r（+it y构成名词），再如：r egu lar i t y, s im ilar it y, f am iliar it y, pop ular i t y14. patter n n. 模式；方式

15. s tr ate g y n. 策划；规划；部署；统筹安排

16. r ou tin e n. 常规；正常顺序

17. s i ght n. 视力范围；视野

18. s o lel y ad v. 仅；只：惟；单独地

19. log is tic s n. 后勤；物流；组织工作

20. loc al l y ad v. 在本地

21. c om petitor n. （尤指商业方面的）竞争者，对手

c om pete with/ag ain s t s b. f or s th.

c om petitiv e

c om petitor

c om petitio n

22. r oom n. 可能性；机会

T her e is s til l a lo t o f r oom f or pr ogr es s.

23. n ic he n. （商品的）商机；市场定位

24. u ni que adj. 独特的；罕见的

25. s ur v i ve v. 生存；存活；继续存在

s ur vi ve a f ir e / a w ar / a f loo d / an ac c i d ent / an ear thq uak e

s ur vi ve a p er s on

s ur vi vor

s ur vi va l

He is one of the luc k y s ur vi vor s in t his ac c ident.

Dar wi n's T heor y of Ev olu tio n c an be c h ar ac ter i zed as s ur vi va l of the

f ittes t.

26. c l ien t n. 客户；顾客

27. f ina nc e n. （个人、组织、国家的）财力，财源，财务管理

28. p ur c has e n. 购买；采购

29. o bl iga tio n n. （已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任

30. d o wn pa ym ent n.（分期付款的）首期付款；预付金；定金

31. m or tgage n. 按揭；按揭贷款

32. tr as h c a n n. 垃圾桶

33. g ar ag e n. 停车房；车库

34. f ix tur e n. 固定设施

35. lan ds c ape v. 对…做景观美化；美化…的环境

3637. bo und ar y n. 边界；界限；分界线

38. ex h aus ti ve adj. 详尽的；彻底的

39. vi abi li t y n. 可行性

40. r un （使）运转，运行；操作

41. as s um e v. 假定；假设；认为

as s um ption

42. a ll ev iat e v. 减轻；缓和；缓解

43. s eas o ned adj. 富有经验的；老于此道的

44. of f er v. 主动提出；愿给予

45. as p ir e v. 渴望（成就）；有志（成为）

as pir at io n

ins p ir at ion

per s pir a tio n

r es pir at ion

Ed is on onc e s a id g eni us is 1%ins p ir at io n an d 99% per s p ir ati o n.

46. var i ous a dj. 各种不同的；各种各样的

var y

var iet y

47. c ou ns el n. 劝告；忠告；建议

48. m ak es hif t adj. 临时替代的；权宜的

49. lic ens e n. 许可证；许可证；执照

50. pr es e nc e n. 存在；出现

51. u npar al l el ed adj. 无比的；无双的；空前的；绝无仅有的

52. pr of es s io nal adj. 职业的；专业的

53. c ar eer n. 生涯；职业

54. f eed v. 满足（希望、愿望、欲望等）

Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons

1. l ie in 存在；在于

2. bar g ai n f or预料到；料想到

3. be/f eel o bl ige d to do s th. 荣幸地做某事

4. br i ng…t o th e ta bl e带来（好处）

5. at/in/t o t he f or ef r o nt of… 处在最前列；进入重要地位

6. i n p lai n s ig ht 显而易见

7. ge t…u p 安排；组织

8. s eek out 寻求

. ex c eed v. 超过（数量）

9. i n p lac e 在工作；准备就绪

10. a pp l y f or（通常以书面形式）申请，请求

II. T ex t Lear n ing

Ho w to St ar t Your O wn Bus ines s

1 T he par ad ox of s tar ting yo ur o wn b us ines s lies in t he s im ultan eous

c hall eng e a n

d r

e w ar d, m ak ing it a n ex p er ie nc e un lik e an y ot her. So m an y bus in es s es

f ail, a nd m os t entr epr e neur s e x c lude t his e lv es f r om the

pos s ibi li t y. T he tr ag ic r eali t y is that whe n bu s ines s es f ail, the p as s ion of ten dies wi th it.（承上句）B y f ol lo w in g s om e s ound a dv ic e an d be in g pr epar e d f or the pr oc es s, yo u wil l d ec r eas e your c h anc es of los i ng a lo t m or e than yo u bar g ai ned f or. I h ave r ec ent l y s t ar ted a bus in es s and ha ve le ar ned

s om e c r uc ial l es s ons in the pr oc es s t hat I f eel pr i v ile ge d t o s h ar e with y o u.（承上启下句）

2 1. Id ent if y your m otivat ion. W h y do yo u w ant to s t ar t your o wn bus in es s? T o have m or e tim e? T o m ak e m or e m one y? T o be yo ur o wn bos s? T o have c r eativ e c ontr ol ov er w hat yo u l ov e to do?W rite out al l of yo ur m otivatin g f ac tor s and pr i or it i ze thi.（承上启下句）W hen you s ee t hi lis t ed, yo u m ight s ee a p atter n i n th at yo u'r e j us t unh app y a t yo ur c ur r ent j ob an d s tar ting

yo ur o wn bus i nes s is n't the ans wer.

3 2. I den tif y your pas s ion. W hat do yo u lo v e to do? W hat sk ills a nd

k nowle dge do you u ni que l y br ing t o the tab l e? W hat gets yo u ex c i ted ab out yo ur wor k? Keep tha t pas s ion at t he f or ef r ont of yo ur bus i nes s p l an, your m ark eting s tr ategi es, and yo ur da il y r o uti ne. (1)If you k eep yo ur pas s ion in pla in s i ght,yo u w il l s t a y f oc us ed on t he p ur pos e of yo ur b us ines s and not s olel y on t he log is tic s.

4 3. Iden tif y yo ur m ark et. If you ar e s tar t ing your bus i nes s loc al l y, r es ear c h yo ur c om petit or s. Det er m ine if ther e is r oo m in the m ark et f or yo ur bus i nes s. W hat wi ll yo u d o d if f er entl y to dr a w in c us t om er s? W hat nic he m a r k et ar e the o ther b us in es s es m iss ing? If yo u ar e s tar ting an Inter net c o m pan y,

r es ear c h the r equ ir ie nts f or your o w n uni q ue W eb pr es enc e. Yo ur bus ines s c annot s ur vi ve wit hou t c us tom er s, s o do en ough r es ear c h o n th e f r ont end to de ter m ine if ther e ar e en ou g h p oten tia l c lien ts to k eep your b us ines s

ali ve.

5 4. I den tif y your f in a nc es. If you ha ve ev e r pur c has ed a ne w h o m e, you

k now that t he f ina nc ia l ob lig ati ons（债务）e x tend be yo nd th e do w n pa ym ent

and t he m or tgage.Yo u ha ve to b u y f ur n itur e, tr as h c ans, a g ar a ge d oor open er（车库门遥控开关）, li ght f ix tur es and lan ds c api ng equ i pm ent（景

观美化设备）, and be f or e you k no w it, you've f ar ex c eed ed yo ur f inanc ia l boun dar i es. T hat c an happ en j us t as eas i l y i n a bus i nes s. Do ex ha us tiv e（详尽的）f inanc ial pl an nin g. M eet w it h a f in a nc ial ad v is or（财政顾问）or

s om eone a t yo ur b an k to ex am ine th e f ina nc ial v iab il it y of yo ur bus in es s and th e pr oc es s of get ting it u p an d r unn in g. Pla n wis e l y an d do n o t as s um e the bes t a bo ut your b us ines s. Be pr ep ar ed f or f inanc ial l os s and get ad vic e on h o w to al le vi a te th at bur d en in t he f utur e.

6 5. I den tif y your s u p por t s ys ti. S eek out a dv ic e f r om s eas oned bus in es s

o wner s, e ve n th os e i n yo ur o wn f ie ld. De ve l op r el ati ons h ips w ith peop le who c an of f er s ound a dv ic e and c r it ic is m that yo u m ight not s ee. If ther e is a bus i nes s o wn er i n your c om m unit y or i n your net wor k that yo u as pir e t o m odel, ex am ine his or her b us ines s pr ac t ic es and ho w the y han d le var i ous s ituat ions. As k f or c ouns el b ef or e b ig dec i s ions, and e ve n c r ea t e your o wn m ak es hif t Boar d of D i r ec tor s to hel p gu ide yo u i n t he p lan nin g a nd s tar t-u p pr oc es s.

7 O nc e yo u h av e a ll o f thes e e lie nts i n p lac e, yo u ar e pr epar ed t o s tar t t he pr oc es s of dev el op ing a b us in es s pl an, ap pl yi n g f or a l ic ens e, es t abl is hi ng a m ark eting pr es enc e（营销实体）, etc. (2)O w nin g yo ur o wn bus in es s c an be unpar al lel ed in t he pr of es s ional w or l d, a nd if you s ur r ound yo ur s elf with wis e c ou ns el, yo u c a n ha ve a c ar eer t hat dai l y f ee ds yo ur p as s ion.

本文重点及难点：

1. If you k eep yo ur p a s s ion i n p lai n s i ght, you w il l s ta y f oc us ed o n the

pur pos e of your bus i n es s and n ot s o lel y on the log is tic s.

(1) k eep s th. in pl ain s ight 显而易见，一览无余

(2) s ta y f oc us ed o n 关注于

2. O wn ing your o wn b us ines s c an be u npar all el ed in the pr of es s i ona l wor ld, and if yo u s ur r oun d your s elf wit h wis e c ou ns el, yo u c an ha ve a c ar eer that dai l y f ee ds yo ur p as s ion.

(1) unpar al lel ed 无双的，无与伦比的，空前的

(2) s ur r ound your s e lf with wis e c o uns el 征求他人的建议

(3) a c ar eer that f eeds yo ur pas s ion 满足你的热情的事业，充满激情的事业