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清华大学考博英语真题常见句型结构及其辨析
清华大学考博英语真题常见句型结构及其辨析

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考博的句子看不懂,很多情况下是因为句子很复杂。下面育明谷老师给大家说说名词性从句。在主从复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下,主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以,我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句,把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)如

whether,that,who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where,how,why等引导。它们的特点是:1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。

下面来看一下真题中主语从句的例子:

Whether the results will be valuable,meaningless,or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the

user.本句中含有whether引导的从句,在整个句子中做主语。整句的意思为:其结果是否有价值,是否无意义或者是否产生误导,除了取决于测试本身,主要取决于使用测试的人。

英语中为了避免出现“头重脚轻”的出现,如果主语太长时,有时用

it来代替,把真正的主语放在后面。比如:

It is said that it is a woman’s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children.此句中,it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。整句的意思是:人们认为照顾孩子是女性的天职,但是如今的家庭规模变小,孩子之间的年龄仅相差一两岁。

下面来看一下真题中宾语从句的例子:

At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient.此句中,record后面是宾语从句,从句由which引导。整句的意思是:同时,这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的,哪些员工工作效率最高。

上面讲到了it做形式主语,其实it还可以用作形式宾语。比如:

There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or,alternately,do much to protect our diminishing resources.此句中,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that 从句。整句的意思是:有那么一些人,他们认为值得怀疑的是:这些与防御有关的研究项目是生活水平改善的原因,或者从另一方面来说,这些研究项目可以为保护我们日益减少的资源作出很大贡献。

下面来看一下真题中表语从句的例子:

表语从句在整个句子中作表语,表语是放在系动词后面的成分。

The question is whether it will be most used for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon.整句的意思是:问题是它将被大量用于和平的目的呢,还是用作致命的武器。

下面来看一下真题中同位语从句的例子:

一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。做同位语的是个句子就是同位语从句。比如:

Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.此句中含有that引导的同位语从句。整句的意思是:有人表示担心,证人可能会受到鼓励,为了确保有罪的裁定而在法庭上夸大其辞。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

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