新东方SAT语法讲义

新东方SAT语法讲义
新东方SAT语法讲义

SAT 语简法部分介

语属法部分于SAT reasoning test 写中的作(writing)块与板,essay writing 值组分一起写块总成作板的分。SAT 语划法之所以被分在Writing Skills 当为它实际查中,是因是考考生

对语英的标书语准面(Standard Written English )

并琐复杂语识的掌握程度,非碎的法知,SAT 语规则时们学语书识规则尽试

法有和我通常所的法上的知点有所出入,也不相同。其考题试与国语题径型和考重点也中的法目大相庭。因此SAT 语它的法具有特殊性,追求的是“好

语的法当语国传统与语习惯”,是恰的,最符合英家文化言的用法。SAT 语规则的法,也就是像OG 当阐样种中所述的那,是一“the rules of good written English 清”,具有准确,晰,简洁绝语达的特点,杜口化、模糊和冗余的表。现题仅仅会你表在做方面,不考到是否能判断这个与会这个简洁句子正确否,而且考到句子是否有效和。这题难就大大提升了目的度。说比如有些句子在TOEFL 对中是的,但是在SAT 语错误为它够简洁法里面就是的,因不有效。

个语种题整法部分包括三型:ISE(Identifying sentence errors 错题,即挑)、IS(Improving sentences 进题,即句子改)、IP(Improving paragraphs 进题,即段落改)题为,所有目均五选一。SAT 语法部分的49个选择题两个分布在section ,其中 ISE 错题(句子挑)18 题小、IS (进题句子改)25 题小、IP (进题段落改)6 题小种题查侧。三型所考的重点各不相同,从OG 真题对试内这和上各部分考目的和容的解析中可以得出一点。如在 ISE 绍对的介中,考生的要求是“The ability to recognize grammar and usage errors 调语”,强法和固定用法的使用是否正确;而IS 对则变考生的要求成了“the ability to recognize and write clear, effective and accurate sentences 从语识转清简洁达”,法知移到了晰,准确,的表方式。

这种题对国学错题难应国语教型中生而言要比句子挑更适,由于在中的英育中,

(尤其是大国写试过为凑数写较废话对简洁这家在中的作考程中了字往往是故意把句子得比)于“”一知识训练这点的几乎是空白,而恰恰题又是修改句子的重要解思路; IP 与两种题别前型的差较大,要求考生 “to understand how the sentences and the paragraphs work together ”,既查间么结构并题然是考句子和段落之如何作用,那除了修改句子,合句子的还会题对应动插炼题目外,有一部分是要求文章做出相的改、入、或者提文章主。

样题(题横线选择语错误项目下面有字母,要求有法的一。

) The other (A) delegates and him (B) immediately (C) accepted the resolution drafted (D) by the neutral states. No error (E).

SAT 语法

词一、名 Noun

(一)语识、法知梳理

数词复数1.可名的

两个概时数词应该复数表示以上的念,可名用。

① 况单数数词一般情下,在可名之后加 s ;

② 如果是以 s, sh, ch, x, z 结则尾,加 es ;

③ 如果以 o 结况尾,一般情下加 es 况,某些情下只加 s ,

如 radio - radios, photo - photos, piano - pianos 既等,或可加 s ,也可加 es ,如 buffalo

- buffaloes(s), volcano - volcanoes(s), mosquito - mosquitoes(s)等;

④ 辅如果是以音字母加 y 结变尾的, y 为 i ,再加 es ;

⑤ 如果是以元音字母加 y 结则尾的,只加 s ;

⑥ 如果是以 f 或 fe 结将尾的,一般 f 或 fe 为改 v ,再加 es 况,在某些情下只加 s , 如 roof - roofs ,cliff - cliffs, gulf - gulfs 。

⑦ 复数特殊形式

man – men, foot – feet, goose – geese, child – children, mouse – mice, datum – date, medium – media, radius - radii

数词2.不可名

数词质词词复数不可名,如物名和抽象名,无形式,前面不能接 a/an, one, two, three, each, several, many, these, those, 数饰词等表示具体量的修,但可接 the, some, much, a little, lot of, a great deal of, plenty of, 语时谓语动词单数等。做主,要用形式。如: air, smoke, steam, sugar, salt, rice, equipment, dust, love, luck, enjoyment 等。

数词变为复数义3.某些不可名后,具有不同的意

这类词常考的名:

color 颜色——colors 帜旗 custom 习习惯俗,——customs 关关税海, force 力量——forces 陆军海空三 glass 玻璃——glasses 镜眼

work 工作——works 作品 authority 权威——authorities 当局

nature 质自然,性——natures 质性 paper 纸——papers 证文件,件 sand 沙——sands 滩沙 time 时间——times 时代 water 水——waters 水域,海洋 manner 方式——manners 举礼止,貌 humanity 类人——humanities 类人的品德 oil 油——oils 画油

4.以 s 结来尾看起像复数实为单数词形式,的名

词称学称赛称专称某些名,如疾病名,科名,比名和有名,以 s 结来复数尾,看起象形式,实则为单数谓语动词单数它们词,故用,而且的前面不能接不定冠 a/an 现这类,常出的名次包括: Athens, athletics 运动体育, billiards 台球, checkers 西洋跳棋, civics 公学民, diabetes 糖尿病, economics, electronics, ethics, gymnastics, genetics, linguistics, mathematics, measles 麻疹, mechanics, mumps 腮腺炎, Naples 那不勒斯, news, obstetrics 产学科, pediatrics 儿科, Philippines, physics, politics, statistics, the United States, work 等

注意: Statistics 当译为统计数时复数当译为统计学时为单数“据”,是;“”,。

Economics 当译为经济时“政策”,复数当译为经济学时单数是;“”,是。

单数复数词5.和形式相同的名

词单数复数某些名的和形式相谓语动词数视饰语这类同,因此,的通常得其修而定。常考得词名包括: aircraft, carp 鲤鱼, Chinese, craft, crossroads, barracks 军营, bellows 牛吼, deer, gallows 绞架, gross, Japanese, headquarters, hover, means, moose 驼鹿, salmon 鲑, series, sheep, species, swine 猪, Swiss, trout 鲑, work 等

6词.集合名

① 数词单数时谓语动词单数员则大多集合名只有形式,使用,如果表整体,用;表成,用复数这类词,常考得名包括: audience, band, board, committee, class, club, company, congress, crowd, couple, crew, family, firm, flock, government, group, herd 兽群, jury, majority, management, party, school, team, union 等

② 词有的集合名,如 people, police, folk, public, cattle, militia, poultry 家禽, livestock 牲畜, youth, vermin 害虫, folk, mankind 复数谓语动词复数等常作使用,用。

7.number of 与词连单数复数问题名用的或

the number of 语时谓语单数作句子主,用;a number of 语时谓语复数作句子主,用。 词8.名的所有格

① 所有格的形式

z 单数 -‘s : Helen’s doctor ,a dog’s tail ,the boss’s secretary

z 复数 -s’ / -‘s : ladies’ hats ,girls’ dogs ,children’s toys ,men’s hats

z 复词合名 词最后一+ ’s :my father-in-law’s hat ,somebody else’s car

z 共同所有 - 词最后一名+ ’s Helen and Mary’s school

z 个别所有 - 各加’s Helen’s and Mary’s schools

② 词无生命名的所有格

词词无生命名的所有格不能在尾加’s 须,一般用 of 来时间长表示;但是,表,距离,度,国区构词拟词重量,价格,家,城市,地,地名,机等的名,人化的名,放在 sake 前面的词惯名,以及其他的用语,也可加’s 或’构成其所有格。 如:a week’s holidays, ten mile’s walk, three pounds’ weight, the country’s plan, for God’s sake, to one’s heart’s content 等。 ③ 词双名的重所有格

词双名的重所有格,由of 语词短和表示人的名的’s 词构词物主代成,前面一般有限定 this, that, these, those, a/an, some, any, no, another ,each, two, several, such, which, what 等。如:He is a friend of my father’s.亲他是我的父的一位朋友。

That remark of yours is quite correct.你这个的看法很正确。

Which play of Author Miller’s do you like best - 你欢最喜阿瑟.哪个戏剧米勒的?

(二)、考点解析

SAT 语关词见问题问题词词法中于名的考察,最常的就是“一致”,主要指名跟其他名之间是否一致。

*PRACTICE 1. Although (A) they have (B) radically different career plans, Luna and Gabrie both (C) hope to be a Michigan State graduates (D) one day. NO ERROR (E)

这题道目的D 词前面用了不定冠a,现个复数后面又出了一形式graduates 显错误,所以明。

2. No matter (A) when they came from or what (B) their previous lifestyle is (C), the refugees were grateful (D) for having been granted political asylum 收容 in the United States. No error (E).

请看what their previous lifestyle is 这话段, their 跟lifestyle 单复数当还的不同,然有后面的is 错应该也一起了。改成lifestyles are.

OG P145-3; OG P409-12;OG P471-17;OG P776-12;OG P802-9;OG P837-11;OG P839-25;OG P957-19;OG P957-28

二、词代 (Pronoun )

纵观SAT 语试们发现词试举轻题与的法考,我代在考中占有足重的地位,很多的目都关试现词划线之相。所以以后考中出代,一定要万分注意。SAT 试应试对语考是考察者于英标书语们说准面(也就是我常的Standard Written English 们)的掌握,所以我一定要做到标准化。

例句:This is a car.学这话会将译为这辆很多同看到句以后很快就很自信地其翻“是一汽车语当时场这话没问题。

”在口中,由于一定的景支撑,句有任何;但是在Standard Written English 这话说并标为中,句是不正确的,或者是不准的。因“This 这个词译

”指示代可以翻为这书语它并清个产义“”

,然而在面中却不能晰地指代具体的某事物,因而容易生歧,所以这们说就是我所的“指代不明确”

。 词语代在法中的作用: 词代---(Pro-noun 们词来个词),所以我代是用指代一名(noun)。

(一)语识、法知梳理

词1.代的一致性

词它词数称代和的先行要注意在性、和人上一致,即男/词女性的先行用男/词女性的代,

单/复数词单的先行用/复数词称词的代,第一、二、三人的先行用第称词一、二、三人的代。

称词2.人代

① 称词宾选人代的主格和格形式不同,要注意用正确的形式。

② 并语宾语总称词称词在列的主或中,是先排第二人代,再排第三人代,而把I 和we 或宾其格 me 和 us 与词并称词与词并称放在最后。如其他代列,人代在前;其他名列,人词代一般放后。

③ 动词在 be 或 to be 称词视词词后的人代其前面的名或代而定。

I thought it was she. 为她我以是。(主格---主格)

I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)

I was taken to be she. 当她我被成了。 (主格----主格)

They took me to be her. 们当她他把我成了。 (宾格----宾格)

词3.反身代

词语复语词须与数反身代不能作主或合主的一部分且反身代必所代表的名次保持、性和格的一致。

词4.不定代

① 词不定代有:all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone, etc.. ② 词与不定代的功能用法

z 除 every 和 no 词既词词外不定代可用作名,也可用作形容。every 和 no 在句中只能

语作定。I have no idea about it.

z all 都,指三者以上。

all 谓的主一致:all 单复数它饰词单复数决的由所修或指代的名的定。

All goes well. 进一切展得很好。

all 与数词单数连说通常不可名用,如:不 all the book 说,而 the whole book 。

但 all 与时间数词单数连可表的可名用,如 all

day ,all night ,all the year ; 习惯但上说不 all hour ,all century 。

all 还与单数词连可以一些特殊的名用,如 all China , all the city , all my life , all the way

③ both 两都,指者。

z both 与复数动词连用,但 both … and 与单数词连…可名用。

z both, all 语为动词都可作同位,其位置在行前, be 动词动词态动词

之后。如果助或情实义动词则动词态动词后面的省去,位于助或情之前。

Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.

④ neither 两者都不

z neither 语时谓语动词单数作主,用。

z 语与单数词连作定名用,但 neither … nor 并连词与复数词连谓语

用作列,可名用。其则采用就近原。

z 复可用于下列句型,避免重。 She can't sing ,neither (can) he.

z 【neither & nor 】

从则如前句是否定式句,主句用 neither ,而不用 nor 。

If you don't do it ,neither should I. 你如果不干,我也不干。

连续个则如后有几否定句式,用 nor ,不用 neither 。

He can't sing ,nor dance ,nor skate.

⑤ 词不定代 one 和 you 来论谁都可以用表示“无,人人”的意思,但一个称是第三人,一个称个时是第二人,故在指代同一人的候不能又用 one ,又用 you 样。同,也不可以用 all 和you 。

⑥ each, every 的用法。each 词词可用作代,后面可以不跟名,every 词是形容,后面必须词跟名;each 和 every 词时词虽作形容使用,后面的名然有 and 连为复数概接,念,谓语动词须单数仍用。

关词5.系代

① 关词仅词导从系代不指代先行,而且引句。who 来用指人,主格是 who 宾,格是 whom ,所有格是whose ;whose 动指人或物;which 来动用指物或物;that 动指物或物,或指作为个阶级个类一或一型的人。

② that 关词可以代替系代 who, whom 或 which 换话说。句,that 词的先行可以指人或况物,但是,有下列情之一者,宜用 that :(a 当词级词数词时)先行前面有最高形容或序,(b )有 the only, the very, the same, the first, the last, all, no, little, much, none, any, every 时等,(c 问词时)有疑代,(d 词动构时)先行由人和其他物或物一起成。

③ 关词系代 what 词关词双具有先行和系代的重作用,即,what=the thing (things) that (which)。注意:what 经词内词已包含先行在,所以在其前面不能再有先行。

④ as, but, than 来连词本是接,但在下列况关词情可作系代使用:(a )as 前面有 as, such, the same ,(b )but 义当含有否定意,相于 that …not, who …not, which …not ,前面的主词句有否定,如 no, nor, never, hardly, scarcely ,(c )than 关词时须作系代使用,前面必较级词饰有比形容修。

词6.物主代

词与真词数虑饰它词语物主代只其正的先行保持方面的一致,而不考修的介短、同位语、说语词词词词词饰词以及其他明性短。形容性物主代后一定跟名;名性物主代后不能修名。 7.词指示代

that, those 当个词现时类的用法。一名在同一句子里第二次出,如果指同一型的人或物个么而不是同一人或物,那可以用 that 单数词数词代替名或不可名,用 those 复数代替名词。

(二)、考点解析

1.“This 单独当语宾语”不能充主或者 Thomas repeated his perspective that (A) the student, if given (B) sufficient time for (C) preparation, would finish this (D). No error (E)

2. 代词单复数的

SAT 试语题会词单复数况对这个识够视考法中几乎每次都考到代的情,所以大家知点要足重。

单数况现词情出的代有 ---

I ,me , my, mine, myself ; you , your, yours, yourself ;

he, his, him ,himself ;

she, her, hers, herself ;

it, its , itself ;

this, that;

复数况现词情出的代有---we ,us, our, ours, ourselves ;

you, your, yours, yourselves ;

they ,them ,their, theirs ,themselves

these ,those ;

*PRACTICE 1. Even though (A) only parts of clay vessels may be (B) recovered, these pottery shards are invaluable to (C) the archaeologist because it is (D) virtually indestructible. No error (E) (OG P601 15) 2. The quality of multivitamin tablets is determined (A) by how long (B) its (C) potency can

be protected (D) by the manufacturer’s coating material. No error(E) (OG P602 28)

3. 词代的主格形式(Nominative)宾和格形式(Objective)

主格 I you he she it we you they

宾格 me you him her it us you them

开当语主格形式一般位于句子的端,充句子的主;

宾动词当宾语见格形式一般在之后充句子的,常的有:

z 动宾结构----动词宾语时词宾即及物后加,此代用格形式 kill me

z 宾结构介----词宾语词宾介后加,代用格形式 don’t look down upon him

*PRACTICE My colleague and myself (A) received an award for (B) our paper on the accuracy with which (C) a polygraph 测谎器measures (D) physiological processes. No error(E)

4. one/ones 划线时随不可意指代 We/You don’t have so-called freedom, because at times what we/you do depends on other people.

译们文:我/你们并没谓为时们有所的自由,因有些候我/你们为还决别的所作所取于人。 们来称称时须应我在例句中可以看出在第一人或者第二人的候,前后必是相互呼的,所以如将况对果句子改成下面的情就不了: We/You don’t have so-called freedom, because at times what ones do depends on other people.

★ 所以,one 或者ones 时称在指代的候只适用于第三人:

When one is exhausted, he/she is tired of answering others’ questions.

译个极惫文:但一人度疲的失守,他/她会别问题疲于回答人的。

这话句中,one 与称第三人he/she 对应复数况;在的情下ones 和they 进对应这行,一切与we/you 关无。

*PRACTICE

Although (A) one likes to believe (B) that your own (C) children are beautiful, intelligent, and well behaved, what one believes is not always the case (D). No error (E) (OG P777 23) 题词本考点:代。C 应为改:one ’s own

5. 关词系代 who, whom, whose, that, which

who 并从语现语在句子中表示人,且在句中作主;在代英里,who 也可取代whom 从在句动词宾语中作的;

whom 当宾语表示人充;

whose 来况一般用表示“某人的”

,有些情下也可以表示“某物的”; that 可以表示人,也可以表示物

which 只可以表示物。

★ SAT 试并会考中不考察who 和whom 间区别之的或者是from which 和with which 间之会与关的不同点,也不考察之相的固定用法,如in that 么会们是什意思;只考察他所指代义还义的是“人的意”是“物的意”:

错误典型: the person which I know

the book who I read

*PRACTICE Candy manufactures applauded the discovery by (A) researchers that the students which (B) smell chocolate while studying and again while taking (C) a test are able to (D) recall more material than students not exposed to. No error (E)

B which 只能指物

6. 指代不明确

z 词清它对则错代一定要晰地去表示所指代的象,否就是的。

*PRACTICE The office manager and her coworker, Ms. Andrews, received (A) equal pay for the company until (B) she (C) got a raise for helping (D) to increase productivity. No error (E) C 指代不明

z 们清词写我楚代的英文法是pronoun 词对个,即代要指代的象是一noun ,所以在SAT

试词个动词考中,代指代的如果是一(verb 个)或者一句子(sentence 么),那肯定是不正确的

*PRACTICE During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.

(A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic

(B) highway and therefore blocking it to all traffic

(C) highway, by which all traffic was therefore blocked

(D) highway, and therefore this had all traffic blocked

(E) highway, thereby blocking all traffic

★ 在SAT 语试进题法考中,改句子(IS 现词况们学会)如果出了代指代不明确的情,我要现清词使用“排除法”。即此例句中出了指代不的代it 选项,AB 都有it 么这两个选项,那肯定这个是要被排除的。是一非常好用学们够这的技巧,希望同以后能掌握一点。 E

*PRACTICE

David, Jason and Isaac were hiking when, stumbling 绊倒 over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment 堤防. C

(A) when, stumbling over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment

(B) and then he fell down a steep embankment after he stumbled over a rock

(C) when Isaac fell down a steep embankment after stumbling over a rock

(D) when Isaac fell down a steep embankment, since he stumbled over a rock

(E) and, since he stumbled over a rock, he fell down a steep embankment

OG P409-19; OG P410-26;OG P471-12;OG P471-18;OG P472-28;OG P534-20;OG P534-22);OG P535-27);OG P720-15;OG P721-20;OG P721-27;OG P738-6;OG P776-14;OG P777-23;OG P777-25;OG P802-5;OG P838-17;OG P838-19;OG P839-24;OG P839-26;OG P894-15;OG P895-19;OG P896-28;OG P957-21;OG P957-22;OG P957-26

三词词、形容,副 ( Adjective & Adverb )

词词识从形容和副的知点考察2009年SAT 语试开现计的法考中始广泛出,估在以后的试当会时现学们应该对识够认识总来说考中也不地出,所以同此知点做到足的。但体上,此识题难并题骤么这种题应该没知点的出度不大,只要大家掌握基本做的步,那做型有太大的问题。

考点解析

1. adv 和adj 区的用法分

语词在英中,形容(adj 饰词)一般可以修名(n 词)和代(pron 词);副(adv 饰)修的

内较为为动词容广泛,(v 词)

,形容(adj )词,副(adv 个),以及整句子。 即: adj+n/pron

adv+v/adj/adv/sentence

Eg: --- I found the vocabulary hard.

这么话两层义一句却又含:

1) =I found the vocabulary which is difficult. 发现词汇难我很。

2) =I tried to find the vocabulary. 词汇我努力地找到。

种况在第一情下,“hard 为词语为难”形容作后置定,意思“”。

种况在第二情下,“hard 为词饰动词”副修“found 为”,意思“努力地”。

们总结我可以大胆地做出如下:如果在SAT 的ISE 题当划线为个单词

型中,所部分一既词是形容(adj 词)也是副(adv )

,基于SAT 试语对们考法部分意思不太苛求,我可以判断划线试题现并划线词出部分一定是正确的。比如常常在中出被的“alike ”

。 *PRACTICE Something of (A) a phenomenon in (B) the entertainment world, political satirists 讽刺作家are admired (C) by conservatives and radicals alike (D). No error (E) (OG P957 23)

2. adj adv 考点:

在SAT 语法ISE 题题频将型中,出率最高的是adj 划线,通常将其为改adv; 将反之,adv 改成adj 况则见的情非常少。

*PRACTICE If (A) I am reading the editorial correct (B), the mayor is deliberately avoiding any (C) discussion of the tax-reform bill until after (D) the November elections. NO error (E) (OG P721 22)

3. adj 识别与断判

们词饰动词词词动词词较断我知道可以被副修的,形容和副;和副一般比容易判;如果现词时会对复杂出形容的候,就相了:

在SAT 试现较况考中出比多的情有如下几点:

z 词普通形容,如“quick ”,“smooth 类”之

z 如“friendly ”,“lonely 类长为词实际词”之的相副而上是形容

z 词词分(分含有词质形容的性)

词况较复杂来说会现现词过词分情比,一般出在分和去分。

现词标在分的志是一“ing 结”尾,即V+ing ;

如:a progressively developing region; “progressively 饰”修“developing 译为个稳发”,一步区展的地

过词去分是V+ed 规则动词过词的形式,

但是大家一定要注意不的去分形式。如: a definitely unknown object ; “unknown ”被“definitely 饰译为个绝对”修,一不明确的物体。 *PRACTICE The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloor that comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landscape. No error (E)

4. 较级级比,最高

在SAT 语试会现较级级况错误两间的法考中出,比和最高的情;一般集中在者之用“most ”,间现三者之出用“more 况经较级词”的情和在已是比的前面加上“more ”,如“more stronger ”。 *PRACTICE In many respects (A) Anna Karenina and Emma Bovary are very similar characters, but (B) Bovary has (C) the most spirit (D) and determination. No error(E) (OG P896 27)

OG P409-14;OG P409-17; OG P776-13;OG P838-12;OG P838-15;OG P956-15 时态四、(Tense )

时态语试的考察在任何形式的英考中都是重点,SAT 语试并们发现

法考也不例外,且我时态来国极错部分向是中考生易犯的地方;相比于托福(TOEFL )

,雅思 (IELTS) 国以及中项语的各英,SAT 语试侧从转时态应法考重点句意上向呼和搭配上。

(一)语识、法知梳理

1. 现类在

z 现时一般在

概经复发动为现种状态念:表示常或者反生的作、行及在的某。动词用原形 (单称动词三人加s / es) (问词句和否定句借用助do / does)

例句:. It seldom rains here

z 现进时在行

概现说话时进动为念:表示在或正在行的作及行。am/is/are +v-ing

例句:He is listening in the class.

z 将来时一般

概将来发动状态计划备念:表示生的作或及打算、或准做某事。(1) will + 动词原形

(2) am/is/are +going to+动词原形

例句: It will rain tomorrow.

z 现时在完成

概过发经动对现响结从过续现动念:去生或已完成的作在造成的影或果,或去持到在的作或状态。Have/has +过词去分

例句: The city has changed a lot in the last several years.

2. 过类去

z 过时一般去

概过发动状态过习惯经动为念:去生的作或;去性、常性的作、行。v+ ed (问句和否定句借

词用助did)

例句: I didn't realize you were exhausted.

z 过进时去行

概过个时间发进为动念:表示去某正在生或行的行或作。Was/were + v-ing

例句:At that time she was working in a department store.

z 过将来时去

概过时从过将来念:立足于去某一刻,去看;现宾语从并时态通常出在句中,且要做到的主从一致。(1) would + 动词原形 (2) was/were +going to+动词原形

例句:He said he would go to Chicago tomorrow morning.

z 过时去完成

概过过念:指“去的去”

, 过个时间为标发动为过即以去某准,在此以前生的作或行,或在去动为某作之前完成的行。had +过词去分

例句: As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

(二)、考点解析

1. 现类时态过类时态在和去混用

*PRACTICE One subject of (A) Felipe Alfau’s second novel, published more than (B) 40 years after it has been (C) written (D), is the illusory nature of the passage of time. No error (E) (OG P471 16)

2. 规则动词过时过词不的去和去分

还时对动词种积此考点主要是建立在自己平三不同形式的累上。如:run-ran-run, swim-swam-swum 等

*PRACTICE Jack often referred to (A) art history textbook while he (B) was sculpting; whenever he learned a new method in art class, he seeks out (C) the work of sculptors who had used (D) it in the past. No error (E)

3. 虚拟语气误导的

(1) 条虚拟语气件句中的形式

这难较一考点的度大,SAT 语虚拟语气条法通常考察在件句中的使用。虚拟语气条在件

设实际况习惯句中通常表示的是假的或可能性不大的情,性的用If 来进导并行引,且If 达表义为时态时态个时态的含“如果”;的使用通常是正常往前退一,并且从时态主句和句要保持上应的呼。

从种与观现实条会产种句中提出一客不相符或根本不可能存在的件,

主句生的一不可能获结条虚拟语气得的果。件句中的根据不时间种同的有三不同的形式。 时间 将来

现在 过去

从谓

句语形式 动词过去式(be 用were)/ should + 动词原形/ were to +

动词原形 动词过去式(be 用were) had +动词过词去分

谓主句语形式 would / should / might / could + 动词原形

would / should / might / could + 动词

原形 would / should / might /

could have + 动词过去词分 运条虚拟语气时须用件句中的,注意个问题的几

z 当虚拟条谓语动词件句的含有were, should, had 时,if 将可省略,而were, should, had

词等置于句首。如:

Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 应话们要是他答去的,我就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 她这儿话她会们如果在的,同意我的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 她懂电脑如果一些识话们会经来这知的,我已聘用他里工作了。

z 当从语为称单数时谓语动词动词句的主第三人,若是系be 时,可用was 代替were 。但

虚拟结构在倒装及if I were you, as it were, there were 中,只能用were, 如:

Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 还轻岁话会国学习要是我年十的,我去外。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 你话尽抓这要是我是的,我要力住次会机。

z时虚拟条从个来说话种有,件句中,主、句可以省略其中的一,表示人的一强烈的感情。

省略句

①从

他本完成了。

He would have finished it. 该

You could have passed this exam. 你应该会过这试

通次考了。

②省略主句

要是我在在家里多好。

If I were at home now. 现该啊

If only I had got it. 它该啊

要是我得到了多好。

*PRACTICE

Some of the workers who resent (A) the supervisor’s authority would probably (B) feel uncomfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independence that they demand (D). No error (E)

步句中的

z让状语从虚拟语气

,主句、句的if

所引的步句中,可用虚拟语气从结构与

在even if, even though 导让状语从

所引的件句相同。如:

导条从结构

即使他自也不知

Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 亲来该怎么办。

即使佗在世也救不了Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 华

他。

可能引起的:

(2)其他虚拟结构

z表命令/议

建/要求(demand / suggest / advise / mandate / order / propose / advocate /

必省略。

recommend / decree),且should须

z it is important that

*PRACTICE

OG P409-15;OG P471-13;OG P471-16;OG P534-24;OG P535-26;OG P720-19;OG P777-21;OG P803-12;OG P838-13;OG P838-16);OG P839-21;OG P839-22;OG P894-12;OG P895-25;OG P956-17;OG P957-20;OG P957-24

五、Parallel Structure —结构平行

结构识平行的知点考察在SAT 试项国对这个的考中是必考的一,然后在中的高考中于识极关学对识会知点却只有少的注度;因此造成了很多同于此知点的掌握不牢固,必然造成在SAT 试会丢综考中分。所以合SAT 语试总结法考的特点出以下的考点。

1. 间三者之的平行----N, N, and N 词词(名,名,and 词名)

种题们说词词此型就是我常的“名,名,and 词这个词并名”的形式,三名是相互列的。题习惯划线个出的通常部分放在第三,即在and 词划线名上面。

*PRACTICE

1. Each time Mary turns on her computer ,she has (A) to enter a company code, then her initials, and then enters a password (B) before (C) she can begin working (D). No error (E).

2. Major risk factors for cardiovascular disease include high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and to be physically inactive.

(A) include high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and to be physically inactive

(B) include high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and physical inactivity

(C) include high blood pressure, blood cholesterol, smoking, and being physically inactive

(D) Includes high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and to be physically inactive

(E) Includes high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and being physically inactive

题错误较显谓语干比明,include 为个宾语后面分四平行的,

high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, and to be physically inactive 个为词语个,前三部分均名短,最后一部为动词与个分不定式,因此在成分上前面三不平行。因此排除A,C,D,E 时(同D,E 现中出主

谓况不一致的情)

,B 为选项正确。 3. Without the invention of the compass, Mike might not have sailed around the world, Lewis and Isaac might not have traveled to Bonn, nor might Kevin’s search for the cities of gold have occurred, either.

(A) nor might Kevin’s search for the cities of gold have occurred, either

(B) nor might Kevin search for the cities of gold

(C) and Kevin’s search for the cities of gold might not have taken place

(D) and Kevin might not search for the cities of gold

(E) and Kevin might not have searched for the cities of gold

2. 比较句

种题此型试当见类较现题标在考中几乎每次都可以到,考点集中在同比出此型的志有:-er; more than; as; like; unlike; compare to/with 等

错误例句:The climate in Shanghai is more humid than Beijiing.

为改:The climate in Shanghai is more humid than that of Beijing.

此句中“that 开头”表示句子的“the climate ”

*PRACTICE 1. In (A) the United States, the industrial use of (B) plastic is (C) greater than steel (D), aluminum, and copper combined. No error (E) (OG P777 28)

2. In a recent year, more tourists from the United States visited museums in Great Britain than Canada.

(A) Canada

(B) Canada did

(C) compared to Canada

(D) Canadian ones

(E) in Canada

3. 两者之间的平行

两间个标者之的平行一般的几志如下: not only……,but also….;neither …. nor ……../

either ……or ……(在SAT 视为题中被送分)

;….. and / but….. 现标词须对应为况出以上的志后必做到一一;但以下特殊情:

如:either plan to do ,or risk doing

这种现(句型出是正确的当结构对应,句子中的主体完全一一,“plan ”和“risk 经对

”已做到应,后面的“to do ”和“doing ”只是固定用法。

) *PRACTICE 1. The labor union is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospital that (B) will satisfy (C) the demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) all levels of management. No error (E) (OG P601 13) 2. Most drivers know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also that it is dangerous. (OG P678.13)

(A) know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes

(B) know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of

(C) are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes

(D) have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only

(E) know that excessive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste

4. 两个间句子之的平行

两个间个句子之的平行,

后一句间号连词开个号开子之用逗加上隔,或者直接用一分隔,标志:and ,but 号,分等。

虽题然句子平行的目在SAT 试较对考中少,但于SAT 写来讲种的作的确提供了一很好结构的搭配。比如在Dickens 所著的A City of Two Tales 这说帘本小中,第一段映入眼的便语气辉是一段煌蓬勃的文字:

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.

*PRACTICE 1. Driving less (A) frequently is one way to save energy; to turn off all (B) appliances when they are (C) not being used is another (D). No error (E) (OG P720 18)

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