华慧清华大学考博英语完形填空题型概述及考情分析

清华大学考博英语完形填空题型概述及考情分析

清华大学考博英语完形填空题需要考生综合考虑短文的内容安排、结构组织、内在逻辑及语言特色，主要测试词汇辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配、语法结构、逻辑推理和语篇理解等方面的知识和能力。考生应具有借助词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。考点和词汇题类似，只是形式不一样，不仅要求牢固掌握词汇，还要求有良好的整体把握能力。考博英语的完形填空题需要跳过空格阅读文章，通过自己的语感和英语知识，把握通篇段落和每个句子，从而选出空格处所缺的词汇，这也需要很好的阅读能力。

清华大学考博英语的完形填空题型给出一篇空白处较多的短文，通常有250词左右，要求考生就所给篇章中空白处所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案，共20个选择题，每道题0.5分，共10分，每道题提供4个选项。

做清华大学考博英语完形填空除了要把握上下文的意思之外，还要能够对近义词，形近词以及词组进行辨析。从清华考博历年的考题中看，完形填空的题型主要是动词，形容词，名词的词义辨析。

清华大学考博英语完形填空的试题特点不同于词汇与结构的考查。完形填空侧重测试考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理判断能力和综合运用语言等方面的能力。学生不仅要熟练掌握语法结构知识、词语的用法特点和搭配习惯，还必须培养较强的分析判断能力，能从语篇理解的角度出发，联系上下文，注意段落与段落、句子与句子之间的内在逻辑关系，既要做到语言形式和结构完整，还要做到意义完整，才能找到正确答案。

在平时的学习和训练过程中首先要学会运用语篇知识，利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取文章的信息。因为通常完形填空的第一句话甚至前几句话都是完整的，这就提供了非常重要的信息，而且这里往往包含主题句，或为理解文章的大意和主要内容提供了必要的线索。利用定义句寻找线索，在阅读中假如遇到不理解的生僻词或关键词，要学会在上下文中找出能够为其定义的短语或句子或同义词来帮助理解。在寻找定义线索时is,mean,is

called,or等词语可暗示词语解释。有时反义词语也能为推断生词词义提供帮助。然后要把握文章发展的基本线索。完形填空是一篇有完整内容的文章，而且各段各句之间都遵循一定的思路，有逻辑上的必

然联系。比如，论说文一般按照逻辑推理关系展开，记叙文往往按照时间顺序来铺陈，而描写文常常表现为空间关系。要树立起语篇概念，千万不要只拘泥于单个句子或语法。要利用句与句，句群与句群之间的逻辑关系来寻找正确答案。文章的逻辑关系主要包括列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、时间顺序、目的、条件等。而英语文章中这些逻辑关系又是靠逻辑信号词来表达的，没有逻辑词，文章就显得语义模糊不清，不能形成篇章。应理解和熟悉表达不同逻辑关系的连词：

表达列举的连词：first,second,third…;firstly,secondly,thirdly…; first,next,then…;in the first place,in the second place…;for one thing,for another thing…;to begin with,to conclude…;

表示原因的连词：because,since,as,now that..;

表示结果的连词：so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,conseq uently,as a result;

表示让步和转折的连词：however,nevertheless,nonetheless,sti ll,though,yet,in spite of,at any rate,in any

case,whoever,whatever;

表示对照的连词：on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely;

表示补充的连词：also，further,furthermore,likewise,similarly, moreover,in addition,what’s

more,too,either,neither,not…but…,not only…but also…;

表示时间顺序的连词：when,while,as,after,before,since,until,a s soon as,once;

表示目的的连词：that,so that,lest,for fear that,in order that;

表示条件的连词：if,suppose,unless,in case,so(as)long as,so far as,on condition(that),provided(that);

利用这些逻辑信号词和上下文可以有助于找到必要信息。完形填空的文章一般都是围绕一个话题论述的语篇，在文章中词语重复和替代现象不可避免。所以，可以联系上下文，寻找相关线索，有时只需将文中的词或短语重复替代即可。如果上下文的线索以语义照应的形式

出现，可利用推断方法将相关语义连接起来。运用背景知识可以降低文章的难度，而且还可以利用背景知识和社会常识来帮助理解，因为完形填空所涉及的内容经常与日常生活相关，有的内容可能是已经有所了解的常识。对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会知识和科普常识来帮助猜测和判断，根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中理解文章主题、主线。英语语言知识和有关世界文化的各种知识在完形填空的学习过程中都发挥着重要的作用，但是想达到这个能力，平时要注意扩大阅读范围，各种文章都要有所涉猎，才能为此打下坚实的基础，以备考试之需。

除了训练技巧外，平时要注意积累语言基础知识，牢记各种搭配。注意文中的逻辑搭配（包括过渡词，连接手段，指代关系，肯定，否定等）；语义搭配（包括搭配同义词，近义词，反义词，形近异义词，同形异义词）；结构搭配（指名词，动词，形容词等在句中或文中与其他词的搭配要求）；惯用搭配（即通常所说的固定短语）。分析有空白的句法关系，是简单句，并列句，还是复合句；判断所填内容在句中充当什么成分，应是什么词性。另外，还需要从时态，语态，语气，名词的数等各个角度分析判断所填内容是否与上下文一致来寻找正确答案。有关词汇部分，要熟悉构词法和常用的词根、词缀，特别是构词能力强的词根可以提高猜测词语含义的能力。最后还可以利用平时培养的语感来帮助寻找正确答案。

做完形填空题的一般方法、步骤

（1（细读首句，启示全文。完形填空所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空白，因此它往往是了解文章全貌的窗口，由此可判断

文章体裁，推测文章大意，对我们理解全文有重要的启示作用（2（通读全文，总揽全局。先要稳下心来，硬着头皮把短文从头到尾快速读一至两遍，以从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。跳过空白，

不看选项、快速阅读。困难肯定是有的。但要注意文中的暗示，

努力找出关键词。如果是故事性文章，那么时间、地点、人物就

是关键词。抓住了关键词就是抓住了文章的线索，进而理解全

文，此时选择填空就不会是胡猜乱填。

（3（联系上下文，先易后难。考生要前后观察，对空白前后句子做深入分析，确定空白在句子中的意思。如果是语法问题，不仅要考虑时态、语态，还要考虑整个词法、句法。如果是语义问题，，要从上下文分析，依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的

推理判断

（4（仔细通读，消除疏漏。填空全部完成后要通读一遍，检查是否前

后连贯，内容清楚、主题突出。从意义和语法两个方面仔细推敲。从语法上是否主谓一致；时态语态是否正确；名词代词的词性是否一致；动词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否准确无误。

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复旦大学考博英语试题2003

复旦大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题（秋季） PartⅠListening Comprehension (15%) 略 PartⅡV ocabulary and Structure (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 21. She her vacation so much that she didn?t want it to end. A. missed B. budgeted C. loathed D. relished 22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the meeting. A. intangible B. sedate C. impudent D. clandestine 23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect the consumers. A. rigorous B. equivocal C. stringent D. furtive 24. People who like to were red clothes are more likely to be talkative and . A. lucrative B. introverted C. vivacious D. perilous 25. This is but a of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. A. faction B. friction C. fraction D. fracture 26. They were tired, but not less enthusiastic that account. A. on B. by C. for D. with 27. I think it is high time we the fact that environment pollution in this area is getting more serious than before. A. woke up to B. must wake up to C. wake up to D. are waking up to 28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was soon reached. A. resentful

考博英语作文常用词汇【六篇】

考博英语作文常用词汇【六篇】【第一篇：教育类】培养cultivate 课余的extracurricular 填鸭式duck-stuffing 文凭热diploma craze 教学改革educational reform 学术的academic 创新学习innovative learning 高等教育higher education 假毕业证/文凭fake certificate/diploma 考研热the craze for graduate school 贫困学生poverty-stricken students 全体教员faculty 深造further one’s study 素质教育quality education 德才兼备possess political integrity and professional ability 提高学生身心素质improve the health and psychological quality 适应社会的改变adjust to the social changes quickly 努力获得精神文明make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress 【第二篇：文化类】

碰撞crash 多样性diversity 原创原始的original 少数民族minority 有启发的revealing 极具魅力的charming 壮丽辉煌的splendid 谈话节目talk show 英语热English fever 文化和文明culture and civilization 博大精深的great and profound 融合交汇integration and interaction 中西合璧a combination of Chinese and Western elements 【第三篇：伦理道德类】伦理ethics，moral principle 道德moral，morality 老年人aged father, senior citizens, old and helpless parents, elderly people, the old 逃避责任shirk the duty, shun the responsibilities 虐待mistreatment, be ill-treated, be neglected, be reduced to utter poverty 中国文化传统美德traditional virtue of Chinese culture

(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理

2015年考博单选：有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》）阅读理解：第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary

考博英语核心词汇全突破(上)-A【圣才出品】

A abase[]vt.降低；贬低例句A man who use bad language will only abase himself.说脏话者只会自贬身分。搭配abase oneself屈服，自贬助记a（处于…状态）+base（底）→使处于底层→贬低 abash[]vt.使羞愧；使困窘例句He refused to abash himself in the eyes of others.他不愿在他人面前被贬低。abate[]vi.减少；减轻；缓和；（法令等）被废除例句The ship sailed when the storm abated.这船在暴风雨减弱时起航。abbreviate[]vt.缩短；缩写；简略；简化

例句The United States of America is commonly abbreviated to U.S.A.. 美利坚合众国常被缩略为U.S.A.。 abdomen[]n.腹，下腹（胸部到腿部的部分）例句He felt a great deal of pain in his abdomen.他感觉到腹部非常痛。助记dome圆屋顶；肚子也是圆的 aberrant[]adj.不循常规的，不走正路的

例句His aberrant behavior at the party shocked everyone.他在晚会上的异常举止令所有人感到震惊。派生aberration（n.失常）助记ab+errant（脱离正途的）→异常的 abhor[]vt.憎恨；厌恶例句They abhor all forms of racial discrimination.他们憎恶任何形式的种族歧视。词组abhor sth./to do sth.憎恶做某事 abide[]vi.遵守；坚持 vt.忍受

2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure (15%) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center. 1. Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months. A. plodded B. peeped C. plunged D. peaked 【答案】D 【解析】句意：官方数字显示，失业率在十一月达到顶峰，然后在随后的两个月里慢慢回落。peak到达最高点。plod沉重缓慢地走。peep窥视，偷看。plunge投入，跳进，陷入。 2. The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke. A. passed away B. passed off

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