压力容器工程规范(中英文对照)
压力容器工程规定
Engineering Specification for Pressure Vessels
C O N T E N T S
目录
1. GENERAL概述
1.1 Scope范围
1.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations规范、标准及规章
1.3 Units单位
1.4 Purchaser’s Drawing and Documents买方图纸及文件
1.5 Vendor’s Drawings and Documents卖方图纸及文件
1.6 Site Condition现场条件
2. DESIGN设计
2.1 Design Pressure设计压力
2.2 Design Temperature设计温度
2.3 Corrosion Allowances腐蚀余度
2.4 Materials材料
2.5 Loading Conditions and Strength Calculation负荷条件及强度计算
2.6 Tolerances允许偏差
3. DETAIL DESIGN详细设计
3.1 Shells and Heads容器壁及顶
3.2 Internals内件
3.3 Nozzles and Manholes设备口及人孔
3.4 Bolts, Nuts and Gaskets螺栓、螺母及垫片
3.5 Supports支架
3.6 Miscellaneous其它
4. FABRICATION制作
4.1 Plate Layout排板
4.2 Forming成型
4.3 Welding焊接
4.4 Heat Treatment热处理
5. INSPECTION AND TESTS检测及试验
6. NAMEPLATE, PAINTING AND MARKING铭牌、刷漆及标识6.1 Nameplate铭牌
6.2 Painting刷漆
6.3 Marking标识
7. PACKING AND SHIPPING包装和运输
7.1 General概述
7.2 Packing and Preparation for Shipping包装与运输准备
7.3 Shipping运输
Appendix A: Tolerance for Pressure Vessels附A：压力容器允许偏差
1. GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.1.1This specification together with the engineering drawings covers the requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, inspection, testing and supply of pressure vessels used for ***project ***
本规范及工程图纸包含对***工程中使用的压力容器的材料、设计、制作、检测、试验及供应的要求。
This specification shall be referred to also for the non-pressure vessels except for the requirements of local regulation if vessel shape is similar to pressure vessels.
本规范也可用于外形与压力容器相同的非压力容器。
1.1.2The definition of pressure vessels shall be in accordance with “The Pressure Vessels Sa fety Technology Supervision Procedures” in the People’s Republic of China.
压力容器的限定根据中国的“压力容器安全技术监督程序”进行。
1.1.3This specification does not apply, in general, to auxiliary pressure vessels which are attached to turbines, engines, pumps, compressors and other mechanical equipment which are normally designed under the manufacturer’s standard.
一般情况下，本规范不适用于涡轮、发动机、泵、压缩机及其它依照厂家标准设计制造的机械设备的附属压力容器。
1.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations规范、标准及规章
1.2.1Pressure vessels fabricated in China shall be designed, fabricated, inspected and tested in accordance with the requirements of the following codes, standards and regulations of the latest edition.
中国制作的压力容器必须根据以下最新版的规范、标准及规章的要求进行设计、制作、检测及试验。(1) The Pressure Vessels Sa fety Technology Supervision Procedures (1999 edition)
压力容器安全技术监督程序（1999年版）
(2) Steel Pressure Vessels GB150－1998钢制压力容器
(3) Technical Specification for Fabrication of Steel Chemical Vessels HG20584-1998
钢制压力容器制作技术规范
(4) Steel Welded Atmospheric Pressure Vessels JB/T4735－1997钢制焊接常压容器
(5) Basic Specification for Steel Chemical Vessel Design HG20580-1998钢制化学容器设计基本规范
(6) Specification for Materials Selection of Steel Chemical Vessels HG20581-1998
钢制化学容器材料选择规范
(7) Specification for Stress Calculation of Steel Chemical Vessel HG20582-1998
钢制化学容器强度计算规范
(8) Specification for Structural Design of Steel Chemical Vessel HG20583-1998
钢制化学容器结构设计规范
(9) Technical Requirements for Fabrication of Steel Chemical Vessels HG20584-1998
钢制化学容器制作技术要求
(10) Mechanical Agitation Equipment HG/T20569-94机械搅拌设备
(11) Mechanic Properties Test of Welding Specimen for Steel Pressure Vessels JB 4744-2000
钢制压力容器焊接样品机械性能试验
(12) Nondestructive Test of Pressure Vessels JB4730-2000压力容器无损检测
(13) Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels JB 4726-2000
碳钢及低合金钢锻制压力容器
(14) Stainless Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels JB 4728-2000不锈钢锻制压力容器
(15) Seismic Protection Code for Petrochemical Equipment HG 3048-1996
石化设备地震保护规范
1.2.2Vendor shall be responsible for making all aspects of materials, design, fabrication, inspection and testing conform to the requirements of the specified codes, standards and local regulations.
卖方负责根据指定的规范、标准和地方规章的要求提供材料、设计、制作、检测及试验。
Where there are conflicts between the requirements in Purchaser’s drawings/specifications and the specified codes/standards or local regulations, the order of precedence shall be as follows:
如果买方图纸/规范同指定的规范、标准或地方规章之间存在冲突，按以下先后顺序加以遵守：
(1) Local regulations地方规章
(2) Engineering drawings工程图纸
(3) Engineering specifications工程规范
(4) Codes and standards规范和标准
In such a case, Vendor shall promptly refer the conflicts to Purchaser in writing to obtaining Purchaser’s instruction.
在此情况下，卖方需及时书面告知买方以获得买方指示。
1.3 Units单位
Unless otherwise specified, SI units shall be applied as the measurement system for the drawings and documents to be submitted. However, nominal sizes of piping components shall be in accordance with inch system.
除非另有规定，图纸及文件中所提及的单位均为国际制。但是，管道部件的公称尺寸应符合英制
1.4 Purchaser’s Drawing and Documents买方图纸和文件
1.4.1Purchaser will provide Engineering Drawing for each pressure vessel which contains such information as the shape, basic dimensions, estimated thickness and weight, design conditions, materials for primary parts, nozzle specifications, and details of internals as required by Vendor to accomplish his mechanical design of the pressure vessel.
买方需根据卖方要求为每台压力容器提供工程图纸说明形状、基本尺寸、估计厚度和重量、设计条件、主部件材质、设备口规格及内件详情，以便完成压力容器的机械设计。
When sketches, data sheets or duty specifications are provided, Vendor shall prepare Engineering Drawings covering the sa me contents as specified above. Such drawings may be used as Vendor’s assembly drawings with neces sa ry information added.
在提供了草图、数据表或相关规格后，卖方应绘制包含上述同样内容的工程图纸。这些图纸在加上必要的信息后可用作卖方装配图。
1.4.2Purchaser will provide D-123 “Vessel Standard” which supplements the above drawings and determines the detail construction of pressure vessels.
买方将提供D-123“容器标准”作为上述图纸的补充，并决定压力容器的具体施工。
When sketches or data sheets are provided, Vendor shall confirm Purchaser the application of each drawing in Vessel Standard.
在提供了草图或数据表后，卖方需根据容器标准对图纸进行确认。
1.5 Vendor’s Drawings and Documents卖方图纸和文件
1.5.1Vendor shall submit to Purchaser drawings and documents as called for in Purchaser’s requisition sheets.
卖方将根据买方需求单向买方提供图纸和文件。
1.5.2All drawings and documents shall give the name of Client (end user), Purchaser’s Work No., Item No. and service of the commodity.
所有图纸和文件上需给出业主名称（最终用户），买方工程编码、设备位号及系统名称。
1.5.3Drawings shall be prepared to scale and in third angle projection.
图纸需按比例使用每三角投影法进行绘制。
1.5.4Drawings shall contain:图纸需包括：
(1) Title block (Purchaser’s Work No., Requisition No., Item No. and service of the commodity)
工程图明细表（买方工程编码、投标邀请号、设备位号及系统）
(2) Design Data (conforming to Purchaser’s drawings or data sheet)
设计数据（根据买方图纸或数据表）
(3) Material list (material specifications and quantities for all parts including spare parts)
材料清单（所有部件、包括备件的材料规格和数量）
(4) Nozzle list (conforming to Purchaser’s drawings or data sheet)设备口清单（根据买方图纸或数据表）
(5) All weld seams, and weld and surface finish symbols所有焊缝及表面加工符号
(6) Detailed dimensions and thickness详细尺寸及厚度
1.5.5Strength calculations shall cover:强度计算包括：
(1) Code calculations for all pressure retaining parts including reinforcements for nozzle openings
所有压力保持部件，包括设备口加固件的代码计算
(2) Structural calculations for internals内件结构计算
(3) Structural calculations for lifting lugs and transportation fittings吊耳和运输装置的结构计算
(4) Stability check of vessel and support for wind/seismic load
容器及支架的风力/地震力载荷的稳定检查
(5) Stability check of vessel and support at transportation, loading & unloading and erection
在运输、装载、卸载及安装过程中容器的稳定性检查
(6) Local stress analysis against external loading on nozzles设备口外部负荷局部应力分析
1.5.6For pressure vessels fabricated and/or assembled at job site, Vendor shall submit the instruction for the work.
对于在现场制作或组装的压力容器，卖方应提供指导书。
1.5.7Purchaser’s “Approved” on Vendor’s document means that Vendor may proceed his work without resubmitting the documents unless further revisions are made. “Approved as noted” on Vendor’s document means that Vendor may proceed his work provided the notes are concurred by Vendor. Re-submission of the revised documents are required for confirmation. “Not approved” on the document means that Vendor may not proceed the work without re-submission of the corrected document for approval. Purchaser’s approval for Vendor’s drawings and documents shall not relieve Vendor of his responsibility to meet all requirements of the purchase order.
买方在卖方文件上签署“批准”表示卖方不需再递交这些文件就可进行工作，除非进行了改版。卖方文件上的“说明后批准”指卖方在提供说明后可进行工作。在进行改版后需重新递交买方确认。“不批准”指卖方在重新递交正确的文件并获批前不能进行工作。买方对卖方图纸及文件的批准不能解除卖方的定购合同上的责任。
1.6 Site Condition现场条件
Data to be used for stability check of vessel and support for wind/seismic load and other climate data are as follows,
容器及支架的风力/地震力载荷及其它气候下的稳定性检查所用数据如下：
(1) Basic wind pressure 0.35kN/m2 at 10 m above ground地面10m上基本风力0.35kN/m2
(2) Earthquake intensity 7 deg.地震强度7级
(3) Class of site soil Class II 现场土壤等级II级
(4) Atmospheric temperature:气温
Annual average 14.3℃年平均气温14.3℃
Extreme highest in past years 40.9℃以往最高气温 40.9℃
Extreme lowest in past years -12℃以往最低气温-12℃
Min. average in the coldest month -3.5℃(Reference to HG 20580-1998)
最冷月份的最低平均气温-3.5℃（参见HG 20580-1998)
2. DESIGN设计
2.1 Design Pressure设计压力
2.1.1Design pressure shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
设计压力在买方图纸或数据表中加以指定。
2.1.2Design pressure shall mean the gauge pressure at the top of a completed vessel in its operating position. Unless otherwise agreed in advance, internal static head shall be added to the design pressure to determine the thickness of any specific part of the vessel.
设计压力指完工的容器在操作位置时顶部压力表的压力值。除非提前另外同意，需加设内置静压受感器以确定容器特殊部件的厚度。
2.1.3When design pressure of “F.V. (Full Vacuum)” is specified, vessels shall be designed to withstand for external pressure of 101.3 kPa.
如果设计压力指定为“F.V.（真空）”，容器需设计为能经受101.3 kPa的外部压力。
2.1.4Vessel parts subject to different internal pressure on both sides shall be designed to withstand the most severe combination of the pressures.
容器两侧承受不同内部压力的部件需设计为能经受最大整体压力。
2.2 Design Temperature设计温度
2.2.1Design temperature shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet. Two kinds of design temperature, one for maximum design temperature (called as “Design Temperature”) and the other for minimum design temperature (called as “Minimum Design Metal temperature” = MDMT) are specified.
设计温度在买方图纸或数据表中指定。共两种设计温度，一种为最大设计温度（称为“设计温度”），另一种为最小设计温度（称为“最小设计金属温度”）。
2.2.2When different temperatures are predicted for different zones of a vessel, these temperatures are indicated for the respective zones of the vessel.
如果容器的不同设备口预计的温度不同，应在各自的部位加以指明。
2.2.3When design temperature or MDMT cannot coincide with the maximum pressure, the corresponding design pressure shall be designated together with the temperature.
当设计温度或最小设计金属温度与最大压力不符，应根据温度指定相应的设计压力。
2.2.4Vessel parts in contact with two fluids having different temperatures shall be designed for both higher and lower design temperatures.
如果容器部件会接触到两种不同温度的介质，应同时根据高的设计温度及低的设计温度进行设计。
2.3 Corrosion Allowances腐蚀余度
2.3.1The corrosion allowance for the shell shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
容器壁板的允许偏差在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
2.3.2Unless otherwise specified in the drawings, data sheet or other applicable Engineering Specifications, the corrosion allowance for internal parts of vessels shall be as follows:
除非在图纸、数据表或其它相关工程规范中另有规定，容器内件的腐蚀余度如下：
(1) Parts directly welded to the shell or parts not removable from a manhole:
直接焊到壁板上的部件或人孔上不可拆除的部件：
1. Parts separating two pressure chambers, a corrosion allowance shall be provided on (strikethrough: either) each side of the parts.
两个压力室的分隔部件，应对部件的的每侧提供一个腐蚀余度。
2. Other parts add 1/2 of the specified corrosion allowance on each side.
对于其它部件，在每侧的腐蚀余度上加上1/2倍。
(2) Parts removable from a manhole:可从人孔上拆除的部件：
Add 1/4 of the specified corrosion allowance on each side (min. 1.0 mm total for both sides).
在每侧腐蚀余度上加上1/4倍（最小1.0mm）
Notes: 1.Generally no corrosion allowance is added for high alloy and nonferrous internals.
注：1、对于高合金及非铁内件通常不加腐蚀余度。
2. For the internal parts specified in Vessel Standard such as lugs and support rings, corrosion allowance shall conform to the stipulations in it.
容器标准中规定的内件，如耳轴及支撑环的腐蚀余度应符合标准中的规定。
3. The specified corrosion allowance shall mean the corrosion allowance for the shell.
指定的腐蚀余度是指壁板的腐蚀余度。
4. Shell as used herein shall mean all pressure holding parts of the vessel in contact with the service fluid, including heads, nozzles, manholes and manhole covers.
这里的壁板指与系统介质接触的所有压力部件，包括封头、设备口、人孔及人孔盖板。
2.3.3No corrosion allowance is required for such parts not in contact with the inside fluid as the outside surface of shell, skirt, support lugs and so on, except for anchor bolts.
对于不同内部介质接触的部件，如外表面、防护罩及支承凸缘等不需腐蚀余度，地脚螺栓除外。
Corrosion allowance of 3 mm shall be taken for anchor bolts.
地脚螺栓的腐蚀余度为3mm。
2.4 Materials材料
2.4.1The materials for primary parts shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
主要部件的材料在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
2.4.2Materials of the parts not specified on Purchaser’s drawings, data sheet or Vessel Standard shall be decided by Vendor and shall be submitted by showing them on the Vendor’s drawings for Purchaser’s approval.如果部件材料在买方图纸、数据表或容器标准中未加指定，则由卖方决定所有材料并在卖方图纸中指明，递交买方审批。
2.4.3Materials for external attachments and vessel support welded directly to the pressure retaining parts shall be similar material as the pressure parts. When external attachments made of carbon steel is to be welded to stainless steel pressure parts, stainless steel pad plate is required on pressure parts.
直接焊接到压力保持部件上的外部配件及容器支架的材料应与压力部件相同。在将外部碳钢附件焊接到不锈钢压力部件上时，需在压力部件上加不锈钢垫板。
2.4.4Vendor may propose the use of alternative materials. Such alternatives shall be clearly indicated on his propo sa l giving official material designation or the chemical composition and physical properties for such materials having only a trade or supplier designation, and shall be submitted for Purchaser’s approval.
卖方可建议几种材料供选择。卖方可在投标中详细指明这些材料的正式材料名称，或对仅有市场或供应商名称的材料说明化学成分及物理性能，以便买方审批。
2.4.5Gaskets, bolts and nuts for blind nozzles and manholes shall be as specified in Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
盲设备口及人孔所用的垫片、螺栓及螺母在买方图纸或数据表中指定。
When not specified in Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet, Vendor in China may select by the following criteria subject to Purchaser’s approval.
如果未指定，中国的卖方可根据以下标准选择并报买方审批：
(1) Materials of bolts (studs) and nuts used for equipment shell flange shall be selected according to table 2 to table 5 in JB/T 4700-2000.
设备口法兰用单头螺栓（双头螺栓）及螺母的材料根据JB/T 4700-2000中表2～表5选择。
(2) Materials of bolts (studs) and nuts used for nozzle flange shall be selected according to CIBA 3rd Line Project Piping Materials Classification (CSTL-T1300/H103).
设备口法兰用单头螺栓（双头螺栓）及螺母的材料根据CIBA第3条线工程管道材料等级表
（CSTL-T1300/H103)选择。
(3) Gasket for equipment shell flange shall be selected by the following table.
设备法兰用垫片根据下表选择
Table 1 Materials for Girth Flange Gaskets
(4) Materials of gaskets used for nozzle flange shall be selected according to CIBA 3rd Line Project Piping
Materials Classification (CSTLT1300/H103).
设备口法兰用垫片材料根据CIBA第3条线工程管道材料等级表（CSTL-T1300/H103)选择。
2.4.6Vendors in China shall apply imported material for stainless steel plates used for pressure parts. In this case allowable stress of imported material shall be those for equivalent material in GB150-1998 as follows.
中国的卖方应为压力部件用的不锈钢板使用进口材料。在此情况下，进口材料的允许应力与GB150-1998中的相当材料相同。
ASME Material Equiv. GB Material
ASME材质相应的GB材质
304 SS 0Cr18Ni9
304L SS 00Cr19Ni10
316 SS 0Cr17Ni12Mo2
316L SS 00Cr17Ni14Mo2
2.4.7All material used for pressure parts shall be killed steel.
压力部件所有的所有材料均应为脱氧钢。
Following requirements shall apply for Vendors in China.
以下为对中国的卖方的要求：
Q-235 material may be used only for utility service such as steam, air etc. with the other limitations specified in GB150-1998.
根据GB150-1998中限制，Q-234仅可用丰公用系统上，如蒸汽、空气等。
In general, steel 20R and 16MnR shall be applied for carbon steel plates used for pressure parts. If calculated thickness exceeds 12 mm by applying 20R material, then 16MnR material shall be used.
一般情况下，压力部件碳钢板应用20R和16MnR钢铁。如果使用20R总计厚度超过12mm，则使用16MnR。
2.5 Loading Conditions and Strength Calculation负荷条件及强度计算
2.5.1The thickness indicated on Purchaser’s drawings are those proposed by Purchaser. Vendor shall check and confirm under his guarantee that such thickness provide the proper strength under the specified conditions. Any lesser thickness considered by Vendor shall immediately be referred to Purchaser, but in no case, any proposed thickness will be decreased without Purchaser’s prior approval, even if it has an extra margin beyond the required thickness.
买方图纸中指定的厚度为买方建议厚度。卖方应加以检查确认以保证买方建议的厚度在指定条件下达到强度要求。如果卖方认为厚度不够应立即告知买方，但不论什么情况下买方建议的厚度不得有所减少，即使建议的厚度超过所需厚度的最大值，除非得到买方批准。
2.5.2The hydrostatic test condition in the installed position shall be considered for design of all vessels.
所有容器的设计时应考虑安装后的水压试验条件。
2.5.3Wind load and Seismic load to be used for calculation shall be in accordance with Para.1.6 of this specification.风力载荷与地震力应符合本规范第1.6节要求。
2.5.4Maximum allowable tensile stress of foundation bolts of A307 Gr.B or Q-235 shall be 100 N/mm2 for long-term and 150 N/mm2 for short-term loading conditions.
A307 Gr.B or Q-235材质的基础螺栓的最大容许拉应力为：长期负荷条件100 N/mm2，短期负荷条件150 N/mm2。
2.5.5Local stresses at shell around attachments such as nozzle, vessel support and lifting lug and so on, shall be calculated and evaluated when requested by Purchaser.
如买方有要求，设备口、容器支架及吊耳等附件周围壳体的局部应力应加以计算及估测。
The following generally accepted calculation procedure, or the equivalent, may be applied.
可用以下计算程序或相当的程序：
(a) Bulletin of Welding Research Council No. 107 or 297 焊接研究委员会通告第107期或297期
(b) BS 5500 appendix G BS5500附录G
(c) Pressure Vessel Handbook (By E.F. Megyesy)压力容器手册（E.F. Megyesy著）
(d) Process Equipment Design (By L.E. Brownell & E.H. Young)
工艺设备设计（L.E. Brownell及E.H. Young著）
(e) Specification for Stress Calculation of Steel Chemical Vessel (HG20582-1998)
钢制化学容器应力计算规范（HG20582-1998）
2.6 Tolerances容许偏差
2.6.1Tolerances shall be in accordance with Appendix A Fig.A “Tolerances for Pressure Vessels” unless otherwise specified on Purchaser’s drawings.
容许偏差应符合附录A图A“压力容器容许偏差”的要求，除非买方图纸中另有指定。
2.6.2The thickness after forming of any pressure retaining parts shall not be less than the calculated thickness. Plates with an under tolerance of not more than the smaller value of 0.25 mm or 6 % of the nominal thickness may be used, unless requested otherwise by the applicable code.
压力保持部件在成型后的厚度不得小于计算厚度。所用板的容许偏差不得超过0.25mm或公称厚度的6％，除非相关规范另有要求。
2.6.3The flange face of agitator mount nozzle shall be perpendicular to vessel axis within tolerance of 1/500.安
装搅拌器的设备口的法兰面同容器轴线的垂直度容许偏差为1/500。
3. DETAILED DESIGN详细设计
3.1 Shells and Heads壳体及封头
3.1.1The shape the formed head shall be as specified on Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet. 2:1 ellipsoidal or dish head (with knuckle radius=0.10xdiameter ) shall be used.
成形加工的封头形状应符合买方图纸或数据表中的规定。封头应为2:1椭圆体或碟形（封头过渡区半径为直径的0.10倍）。
3.1.2The nominal thickness of 2:1 ellipsoidal or dished head shall be selected to assure the minimum thickness after forming shall not be less than the minimum required thickness of head. Also, the nominal thickness shall not be less than the minimum required thickness of connec ting cylindrical shell.
2:1椭圆体或碟形封头的公称厚度的选择需保证成型后的最小厚度不小于封头的最小要求厚度。而且，公称厚度不得小于柱形连接处的最小要求厚度。
3.1.3Gasket contact surface of girth flange shall have a finish equivalent to the following in μm.
同法兰表面接触的垫片的磨光应符合下列要求，单位μm
(1) For spiral wound gasket : from Ra 1.6 to Ra 3.2缠绕垫：从Ra 1.6至Ra 3.2
(2) For metal jacket, solid metal gasket : Ra 1.6 and finer金属包覆垫、固体金属垫片：Ra 1.6及更好的
3.2 Internals内件
3.2.1Unless otherwise specified in Purchaser’s requisition sheets or indicated on Purchaser’s drawings, all internals are included in the scope of Vendor’s supply. Vendor shall design internals in accordance with the information indicated on Purchaser’s drawings.
除非在买方的需求单或图纸中另有指定，所有内件属于卖方供应范围。卖方应根据买方图纸中信息进行内件的设计
3.2.2Unless otherwise specified, removable internal parts shall be designed in units as large as can be put in and out from the vessel through the nearest upper manhole. The weight of one block to be withdrawn shall not generally exceed 40 kg except for support beams.
除非另有规定，可拆除内件在能够从上方最近的人孔拿出、放入的情况下尽可能设计为最大。除了支撑梁外，容器内可拆除硬块的重量通常不超过40kg。
3.2.3Internal bolts subject to vibration, fluctuating load, impact load or dynamic load shall be protected against loosening. Double nuts, unti-loose washers, tack welding, etc. shall be used.
可能受到振动、波动载荷、冲击载荷或动力载荷的内部螺栓应加以保护防止松动。可采用双螺母、防松动垫圈、点焊等。
3.2.4All removable internals shall be checked by suitable methods to ensure their insertability and removability through the manhole.
所有可拆除内件均需使用适当的方法进行检查以确保其通过人孔的可嵌入性及可拆除性。
3.3 Nozzles and Manholes设备口及人孔
3.3.1Nozzle and manhole size shall not be changed by Vendor. However, if nozzles, reinforcement pads, and main seams should interfere with each other, these dimensions may be changed upon Purchaser’s approval.
卖方不能改变设备口及人孔的尺寸。但是，如果设备口、加强垫及主梁相互防碍，在事先得到买方批准后可变更其尺寸。
3.3.2The type, rating and facing of nozzl e flanges shall conform to those specified in Purchaser’s drawing or data sheet.
设备口法兰的类型、等级及端面应符合买方图纸或数据表的规定。
3.3.3Nozzle and manhole location specified by the Purchaser shall not be changed by Vendor. If nozzles and manhole interfere with each other or other attachment, Vendor shall promptly contact with Purchaser for instruction.
卖方不能改变买方指定的设备口及人孔位置。如果设备口与人孔彼此防碍或同其它附件有所防碍，卖方应及时同买方联系以获得指示。
3.3.4Bolt holes in nozzle flange and manhole flange shall straddle plant north-south line or vessel horizontalvertical line.
设备口及人孔法兰上的螺栓孔应为北-南线或容器水平垂直线。
3.3.5Each manhole cover with mass over 20 kg shall be supported by a davit or hinge as specified on Purchaser’s drawing. The details of davit or hinge shall be in accordance with Vessel Standard.
超过20kg的人孔盖板应根据买方图纸的规定用吊柱或铰链支撑。吊柱或铰链的详情应符合容器标准。
3.3.6Nozzle flanges 24 inch and smaller shall be as per ASME B16.5.
等于或小于24英寸的设备口法兰应符合ASME B16.5。
Nozzle flanges larger than 24 inch nominal shall be as per ASME B16.47 Series B or designed per Code.
大于24英寸的设备口法兰应符合ASME B16.47 B系列或根据规范设计。
In case a non standard flange is designed by vendor, the companion flange with bolt, nut and gasket shall be supplied with by vendor.
电子信息工程专业课程翻译中英文对照表
电子信息工程专业课程名称中英文翻译对照 （2009级培养计划）
实践环节翻译
高等数学Advanced Mathematics 大学物理College Physics 线性代数Linear Algebra 复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variable and Integral Transforms 概率论与随机过程Probability and Random Process 物理实验Experiments of College Physics 数理方程Equations of Mathematical Physics 电子信息工程概论Introduction to Electronic and Information Engineering 计算机应用基础Fundamentals of Computer Application 电路原理Principles of Circuit 模拟电子技术基础Fundamentals of Analog Electronics 数字电子技术基础Fundamentals of Digital Electronics C语言程序设计The C Programming Language 信息论基础Fundamentals of Information Theory 信号与线性系统Signals and Linear Systems 微机原理与接口技术Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology 马克思主义基本原理Fundamentals of Marxism 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论 和“三个代表”重要思想 概论 Thoughts of Mao and Deng 中国近现代史纲要Modern Chinese History 思想道德修养与法律基 础 Moral Education & Law Basis 形势与政策Situation and Policy 英语College English 体育Physical Education 当代世界经济与政治Modern Global Economy and Politics 卫生健康教育Health Education 心理健康知识讲座Psychological Health Knowledge Lecture 公共艺术课程Public Arts 文献检索Literature Retrieval 军事理论Military Theory 普通话语音常识及训练Mandarin Knowledge and Training 大学生职业生涯策划 （就业指导） Career Planning (Guidance of Employment ) 专题学术讲座Optional Course Lecture 科技文献写作Sci-tech Document Writing 高频电子线路High-Frequency Electronic Circuits 通信原理Communications Theory 数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing 计算机网络Computer Networks 电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave
模具方面的中英文对照
模具方面的中英文对照【二】 2007-05-09 22:35 塑料成型模具的主要设计要素 脱模距 stripper distance 脱模斜度 draft 投影面积 projected area 最大开距 maximum daylight; open daylight 闭合高度 mould-shut height 抽芯距 core-pulling distance 抽芯力 core-pulling force 脱模力 ejector force 开模力 mould opening force 模内压力 internal mould pressure; cavity pressure 成型压力 moulding pressure 背压环 back-up ring 1 bar = 14.5psi 高压接头 bite type fitting 液压马达 hydraulic motor 冷却水流量计 waterflow regulator 打磨器材 abrasive material 打磨砂轮 grinding wheels 切割砂轮 cutting wheels 码模夹(注塑机使用) mould clamps; lifting clamps 小五金工具 piping tools 高压力软管 high pressure hose 风管,水软管 air .water hose 高压油表 pressure gauge 压力油喉 hydraulic hoses 光塑检测 photoelastic testing 吹塑模 plastic blow mould 注塑模 plastic injection mould 冲扎复合模 blank & form compound die 精密冲模 precision blanking die 熔料流动率 MFR=melt flow rate 熔料流动指数 MET=melt flow index 推板导柱 guide pin for ejector plater 座板 clamping plate 垫块 space block(plate) 推板 ejector block(plate) afdek plate 档尘板 guide stripe 行位后板 cavity sub-insert 前模镶件 core sub-insert 后模镶件 sprue puller insert 扣针镶件
国际工程协议(中英文对照)
Memorandum of Understanding This Memorandum of Understanding(MOU)is made and entered into this 8th day of sep,2012 between: The Consortium whose principal place of business is in PRC and consisting,inter alia of i)China International Fund Limited; ii)China Railway Construction Corporation; (the Consortium)of the one part, and the Government of the Republic of Sierra Leone(GOSL) The Consortium and GOSL are sometimes referred to in this MOU individually as a “Party”and,collectively, as the “Parties” WHEREAS A. In furtherance of the mutual desires of the Parties to develop a strategic partnership and cooperation to ensure that the rich potential resources of Sierra Leone benefit the people of Sierra Leone through improved welfare of the People of Sierra Leone through the provision of services and infrastructure and the strengthening of Sierra Leone’s national development through experience sharing(South-South Cooperation) particularly in the sphere of construction of core infrastructure assets; B.To bring to the People of Sierra Leone, in the spirit of mutual respect and with a view of transferring relevant technical, organizational and management skills necessary to bring to the C.Republic of Sierra Leone to a higher level of development and prosperity; D.GOSL desires assistance in sourcing,implementing or prequalifying skilled and competent contractors and financiers for the purpose of its national development priorities award of contracts for projects specifically in the following priority areas; 1.MINISTRY OF WORKS,HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE - Remedial Roads Rehabilitation - Development of new city - Construction and Operation of Ⅰ) Affordable Social Housing Infrastructure Ⅱ) National trunk and feeder roads Ⅲ) National railways Ⅳ) Bridges and drainage systems at national ,regional and local levels Ⅴ) Airports 2.MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND WATER RESOURCES: - Construction and operation of: Ⅰ) Thermal electric generation systems Ⅱ) Hydro power systems & infrastructure Ⅲ) Water supply systems & infrastructure Ⅳ) Other renewable power generation systems 3.PETROLEUM DIRECTORATE
塑胶模具类中英文对照专业术语
塑胶模具类中英文对照专业术语工程部/ Design department: 1) Designer - 设计师。 2) Assembly drawing - 模具组装图。 3) Mold layout - 模具结构图。 4) 2D product drawing - 2D产品图。 5) 3D product data - 3D产品数据。 6) Part drawing - 散件图。 7) Insert molding - 镶件模。 8) 2 color mold / Double injection tool - 双色模。 9) Hydraulic system - 油/水压系统。 10) Parting line - 分模线。 11) Air venting - 排气槽。 12) Cooling system - 冷却系统。 13) Screw - 镙丝。 14) Hot runner system - 热流道。 15) Valve gate - 伐针入水口。 16) Fan gate - 扇型入水口。 17) Pin point gate - 针点进胶。 18) Moon gate / Banana gate - 香蕉，象牙入水口。 19) Submarine gate - 潜水口。 20) Injection machine tonnage - 注塑机吨数。 21) Number of cavity - 穴数。 22) Steel - 钢材。 23) Copper - 铜。 24) Tungsten copper - 钨铜。 25) Beryllium copper - 铍铜。 26) Hardening - 加硬/淬火。 27) Tempering - 回火。
RQ-1 压力容器基础知识
压力容器基础知识 第一节压力容器的定义与管辖边界 一、弄清“压力容器”的概念需要区分 ＞＞容器 盛装、容纳物品的器皿或设备。一般具有固定形状。 如：箱、罐、坛，油轮、原油储罐 各种常压容器、压力容器等 ＞＞压力容器 承受一定压力的封闭设备。 此处压力是容器内部的绝对压力与所处环境或外部绝对压力的压力差。 如：压力锅，汽车轮胎，压缩机气缸，深海潜水器，以及各种需要强制安全管理的压力容器（即“法规意义的压力容器”） ＞＞法规意义的压力容器 压力差的存在会造成危险性，失效后会带来人员伤亡和/或财产损失。因此，危险性较大的压力容器需要进行强制安全管理，由此国家出台了系列法律法规和安全技术规范、标准。按照特种设备安全法的规定，采用目录管理。 目前执行： 质检总局2014.10.30公布的《特种设备目录》（2014年第114号） 压力容器，是指盛装气体或者液体，承载一定压力的密闭设备，其范围规定为最高工作压力。 大于或者等于0.1MPa（表压）的气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体、容积大于或者等于30L且内直径（非圆形截面指截面内边界最大几何尺寸）大于或者等于150mm的固定式容器和移动式容器；盛装公称工作压力大于或者等于0.2MPa（表压），且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于1.0MPa·L的气体、液化气体和标准沸点等于或者低于60℃液体的气瓶；氧舱。 二、五个要点 ·要点1：涵盖的种类(均具有单独的安全技术监察规程) 固定式压力容器示例 移动式压力容器示例
气瓶示例 氧舱示例
·要点2：压力限定 固定式容器：最高工作压力大于或者等于0.1MPa（表压） 移动式容器：最高工作压力大于或者等于0.1MPa（表压） 气瓶：公称工作压力大于或者等于0.2MPa（表压） 氧舱：未限定 所述“压力”指内压力。 ·要点3：尺寸/体积限定 固定式容器：容积大于或者等于30L且内直径大于或者等于150mm（非圆形截面指截面内边界最大几何尺寸） 移动式容器：（同上） 气瓶：压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于1.0MPa·L 氧舱：未限定 ·要点4：盛装介质限定 固定式容器：气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体 移动式容器：（同上） 气瓶：气体、液化气体和标准沸点等于或者低于60℃液体 氧舱：未限定 要点5：同时满足 同时满足压力、介质、几何尺寸要求的固定式压力容器、移动式压力容器和气瓶，才属于“法规意义的压力容器”范畴。 未对氧舱的压力、介质、几何尺寸进行限定。 “法规意义的压力容器”通常简称为“压力容器” 三、几个概念 最高工作压力：在正常工作情况下，容器顶部可能达到的最高压力。（表压力） 最高工作温度：在正常工作情况下，容器介质的最高温度。 公称工作压力：对压缩气体，是指在基准温度（20 ℃）下，气瓶内压缩气体达到完全均匀状态时的限定压力（表压力）。对高（低）压液化气体、溶解气体、低温液化气体、混合气体的公称工作压力在“瓶规”中均有界定。 标准沸点：在一个标准大气压下（101325Pa）的沸点称为该液体的“标准沸点”，例如水的标准沸点为100℃。 液化气体：指临界温度高于等于－50 ℃的高（低）压液化气体（常温），临界温度低于－50 ℃的低温液化气体。 四、《特种设备安全监察条例》对压力容器的界定 （一）从压力、介质、几何尺寸等方面对压力容器管辖边界的界定 压力容器，是指盛装气体或者液体，承载一定压力的密闭设备，其范围规定为最高工作压力大于或者等于0.1MPa（表压），且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于2.5MPa·L的气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体的固定式容器和移动式容器；盛装公称工作压力大于或者等于0.2MPa（表压），且压力与容积的乘积大于或者等于1.0MPa·L 的气体、液化气体和标准沸点等于或者低于60℃液体的气瓶；氧舱等。 1.TSG21-2016 大固容规对固定式压力容器的界定 固定式压力容器是指安装在固定位置使用的压力容器。 本规程适用于特种设备目录所定义的、同时具备以下条件的压力容器： （1）工作压力大于或者等于0.1 MPa； （2）容积大于或者等于0.03 m3并且内直径（非圆形截面指截面内边界最大几何尺寸）
制造工程中英文对照表
樣品中心工程作業系統中英文對照 PAGE 1 OF 8 REV 00 一. 目的: 规范英文的使用, 了解图面上的英文注解. 二. 适用范围: NFE制造工程部 三. 常用英文: 缩写英文全称中文解释 A/P Assembly组装 A Assembly组装 ACC Accept接受 ADM Absolute Dimension Measurement全尺寸测量 AM Ante Meridiem午前 ASAP As Soon As Possible尽可能快的 ASS'Y Assembly组装 C/P Conncctor of PC电脑连接件 CONN Connector连接器 D/C Date Code生产日期码 DIA Diameter直径 DIM Dimension尺寸 DQA Design Quality Assurance设计品质保証 DR Designing Review设计复查 DWG Drawing图面 DT Desk T op卧式(机箱) EAC Engineering Analysis Capabilities工程分析能力 ECN Enginccring Change Noticc工程变更通知 ECO Engineering Change Order工程改动要求(客户) F A Final Audit最后一次稽核 F AA First Article Assurance首件确认
樣品中心工程作業系統中英文對照 PAGE 2 OF 8 REV 00 F AI First Article Inspcction妆件检验 FDD Floppy Disk Drive软驱 FQC Final Quality Control最终品质管制 HDD Hard Disk Drive硬驱 ID/C Identification Code识别码 I/O Input/Output输入输出 IS Inspect Standard检验标准 IS Inspection Specification成品检验规范 IWS Intemational W orkmanship Standard工艺标准 JIT Just In Time及时 L/N Lot number批号 LCL Lower Ccntral Limit 管制下限(管制图中尺寸允许的最低值) MAJ Major主要的MA TL Material材料 MAX Maximum最大 ME Manufacture Engincering制工 MIN Minor轻微的MT Mini-T ower立式(机箱) N/A Not Applicable不适用NG No Good不良 NHK North of Hong Kong中国大陆ODM Original Design Manufacture原设计制造OEM Original Equipment Manufacture原设备制造OS Operation System操作系统P/N Part Number料号 P AL Pallet栈板 PC Personal Computer个人电脑PCB Printed Circuit Board印刷电路板
模具DFM常用中英文对照
DFM常用中英文对照 1、这个红色面在前模方向/后模方向/行位方向有倒扣。 This red surface is undercut at cavity side / core side / slider side. 2、这些红色面在前模方向/后模方向/行位方向有倒扣。 These red surfaces are undercut at cavity side / core side / slider side. 3、产品的这个位置太小，导致模具在前模方向/后模方向/行位方向有薄钢位。 This position is too small and it will bring the thin steel at cavity side / core side / slider side. 4、这些红色线是前后模/镶件/行位/斜顶分型线。 These red lines are the parting line of cavity and core / insert / slider / lifter. 5、此产品使用推板/推块顶出。 Use the stripper plate / ejector block to eject this part. 6、前模/后模斜内行位。 Inner angle slider at cavity / core side. 7、为了简化模具结构建议改变此处出模方向。 Suggest to change the draft direction of this position to make the mold structure simply. 8、最终的进胶位置根据模流分析。 Finally gate position according the mold flow analysis. 9、斜顶与后面的柱位空间太小，斜顶在运动时会干涉到柱子，请考虑移动这个柱子的位置。 This lifter intervene with the pole during ejection, please consider changing the position of the pole. 10、此处有薄钢位，强度不足而且不容易冷却。 The strength of this area is too weak and it is hard to cool because the thin steel. 11、此处有尖角，填充困难。 It is hard to fill for this area because the sharp feature. 12、此处料位太厚，会有缩水，建议减胶改善。 We suggest to reduce some wall thickness to avoid the sink mark for this position. 13、此处的行位夹线在外观面上，请确认是否接受？ Please confirm whether it is acceptable to have a slider line on the visible surface? 14、建议加大拔模角，以便脱模顺利。 We suggest to enlarge the draft angle to help release the tool. 15、如果分型面此处，模具上会有尖角和刀口，对模具寿命有影响。 There are sharp edges if we set the parting line here, it will reduce the tool life. 16、此处料厚段差很大，成品表面会有应力痕，建议修改如图示。 The thickness is not equal and it will bring the stress lines on the surface, suggest to improve the part as the picture shown. 17、此大行位上有小行位，开模时小行位需先退，大行位做延时，合模时则相反。 The small slider is inside the big slider, when the mold open, the small slider need to recede first and the big slider have to postpone. When the mold close, it is contrary. 18、此处需做强顶。 This position need to force ejection. 19、由于此处没有足够空间下热咀，所以需做一个柱子进胶。 This position need to make a pole for gating because there have no enough space for hot sprue. 20、沾模， stick
压力容器基本知识
压力容器基本知识目录 一．基本概念 1．1 压力容器设计应遵循的法规和规程 1．2 标准和法规（规程）的关系。 1．3 压力容器的含义（定义） 1．4 压力容器设计标准简述 1．5 D1级和D2级压力容器说明 二．GB150-1998《钢制压力容器》 1．范围 2．标准 3．总论 3．1 设计单位的资格和职责 3．3 GB150管辖的容器范围 3．4 定义及含义 3．5 设计参数选用的一般规定 3．6 许用应力 3．7 焊接接头系数 3．8 压力试验和试验压力 4．对材料的要求 4．1 选择压力容器用钢应考虑的因素 4. 2 D类压力容器受压元件用钢板 4．3 钢管 4．4 钢锻件 4. 5 焊接材料 4．6 采用国外钢材的要求 4．7 钢材的代用规定 4．8 特殊工作环境下的选材 5．内压圆筒和内压球体的计算 5. 1 内压圆筒和内压球体计算的理论基础5．2 内压圆筒计算 5．3 球壳计算 6．外压圆筒和外压球壳的设计 6．1 受均匀外压的圆筒（和外压管子） 6．2 外压球壳 6．3 受外压圆筒和球壳计算图的来源简介6．4 外压圆筒加强圈的计算
7．封头的设计和计算 7．1 封头标准 7．2 椭圆形封头 7. 3 碟形封头 7．4 球冠形封头 7．5 锥壳 8．开孔和开孔补强 8．1 开孔的作用 8．2 开检查孔的要求 8．3 开孔的形状和尺寸限制 8．4 补强要求 8．5 有效补强范围及补强面积 8．6 多个开孔的补强 9 法兰连接 9．1 简介 9．2 法兰连接密封原理 9. 3 法兰密封面的常用型式及优缺点 9．4 法兰型式 9．5 法兰连接计算要点 9．6 管法兰连接 10．压力容器的制造、检验和验收 10．1 制造许可 10．2 材料验收及加工成形 10. 3 焊接 10．4 D类压力容器热处理 10．5 试板和试样 10．8 无损检测 10. 9 液压试验 10．10 容器出厂证明文件。 11．安全附件和超压泄放装置 11．1 安全附件 11．2 超压泄放装置 11．3 压力容器的安全泄放量 11．4 安全阀 GB151-1999《管壳式换热器》 01 简述 02 标准与GB150-1998《钢制压力容器》的关系。03基本章节 1 适用范围 2 组成
工程塑料名称中英文对照表
工程塑料名称中英文对照表及主要用途 塑料类别 俗称 中文学名 英文学名 英文简称 主要用途 硬胶 通用聚苯乙烯 General Purpose Polystyrene PS 灯罩、仪器壳罩、玩具等聚苯乙烯类 不脆胶 高冲击聚苯乙烯 High Impact Polystyrene HIPS 日用品、电器零件、玩具等ABS 料 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯 乙烯 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ABS 电器用品外壳,日用品,高级玩具,运动用品 AS 料(SAN 料) 丙烯腈-苯乙烯 Acrylonitrile Styrene AS(SAN) 日用透明器皿,透明家庭电器用品等 BS(BDS)K 料 丁二烯-苯乙烯 Butadiene Styrene BS(BDS) 特种包装,食品容器,笔杆等 改性聚苯乙烯类 ASA 料 丙烯酸-苯乙烯-丙 烯睛 Acrylonitrile Styrene acrylate copolymer ASA 适于制作一般建筑领域、户外家具、汽车外侧视镜壳体PP(百折胶) 聚丙烯 Polypropylene PP 包装袋,拉丝,包装物,日用品,玩具等 聚丙烯类 PPC 氯化聚丙烯 Chlorinated Polypropylene PPC 日用品，电器等 聚乙烯 Polyethylene PE 用于制造塑料袋，塑料薄膜，牛奶桶的产品 LDPE(花料,筒料) 低密度聚乙烯 Low Density Polyethylene LDPE 包装胶袋,胶花,胶瓶电线,包装物等 聚乙烯类 HDPE(孖力士) 高密度聚乙烯 High Density Polyethylene HDPE 包装,建材,水桶,玩具等 EVA(橡皮胶) 乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate EVA 鞋底,薄膜,板片,通管,日用品等 改性聚乙烯类 CPE 氯化聚乙烯 Chlorinated Polyethylene CPE 建材,管材,电缆绝缘层,重包装材料 尼龙单6 聚酰胺-6 Polyamide-6 PA-6 轴承,齿轮,油管,容器,日用品 尼龙孖6 聚酰胺-66 Polyamide-66 PA-66 机械,汽车,化工,电器装置等 尼龙9 聚酰胺-9 Polyamide-9 PA-9 机械零件,泵,电缆护套 聚酰胺 尼龙1010 聚酰胺-1010 Polyamide-1010 PA-1010 绳缆,管材,齿轮,机械零件丙烯酸脂类 亚加力 聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂 Polymethyl Methacrylate PMMA 透明装饰材料,灯罩,挡风玻璃,仪器表壳 改性有机玻璃 372#,373# 甲基丙烯酸甲脂-苯乙烯 Polymethyl Methacrylate-Styrene MMS 高抗冲要求的透明制品 丙烯酸脂共聚物 甲基丙烯酸甲脂-乙二烯 Methyl Methacrylate-Butadiene MMB 机器架壳,框及日用品等 聚碳酸脂 防弹胶 聚碳酸脂 Polycarbonate PC 高抗冲的透明件,作高强度及耐冲击的零部件 聚甲醛 赛钢 聚甲醛 Polyoxymethylene(Polyformaldehyde) POM 耐磨性好,可以作机械的齿轮,轴承等 赛璐璐 硝酸纤维素 Cellulose Nitrate CN 眼镜架,玩具等 酸性胶 醋酸纤维素 Cellulose Acetate CA 家用器具,工具手柄,容器等 纤维素类 乙基纤维素 Ethyl Cellulose EC 工具手柄,体育用品等 热 塑 性 塑 料 饱和聚脂 涤纶(的确凉) 聚对苯二甲酸乙二 醇脂 Poly(Ethylene Terephthalare) PET 轴承,链条,齿轮,录音带等
模具DFM常用中英文对照
DFM常用中英文对照 15、如果分型面此处，模具上会有尖角和刀口，对模具寿命有影响。. There are sharp edges if we set the parting line here, it will reduce the tool life. 16、此处料厚段差很大，成品表面会有应力痕，建议修改如图示。. The thickness is not equal and it will bring the stress lines on the surface, suggest to improve the part as the picture shown. 17、此大行位上有小行位，开模时小行位需先退，大行位做延时，合模时则相反。. The small slider is inside the big slider, when the mold open, the small slider need to recede first and the big slider have to postpone. When the mold close, it is contrary. 18、此处需做强顶。. This position need to force ejection. 19、由于此处没有足够空间下热咀，所以需做一个柱子进胶。. This position need to make a pole for gating because there have no enough space for hot sprue. 20、沾模， Stick 1.High shrinkage values could indicate sink marks or voids at gate location 高缩水率的产品容易产生缩印，但在浇口附近可以避 免。. 2.Welding line on the cosmetic surface 熔接线在外表面 3.Two banana gate was to being confluent in the end of melt flow. 两个香蕉浇口在流动未端熔合。. 4.Venting insert here has flash 排气镶件处有飞边 5.Venting gap between inserts is too big 镶件处的排气槽过大 6.Stress mark on the cosmetic surface 产品外表面上有压痕 7.Uneven thickness 不平均的产品壁厚 8.Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构 9.Injection speed is high 注塑压力过高 10.There is black spot on the cosmetic surface 产品外表面上有黑色点 11.There is flash on the product 产品有飞边 12.there is sink mark on the cosmetic surface 产品外表面上有缩痕 13.Gate size is not reasonably 浇口尺寸不合理 14.There is argent spot 这里有亮点（银色斑点） 15.The plastic of first shot didn't meet high temperature. 塑料的第一胶不会有很高的温度。. 16.Make sure the core float plate was closed before lifter completely return to correct position 确认lifter完全回位时core侧 浮动板已经复位 17.Make sure the ejector system is smooth 确认顶针系统移动平稳 18.Add early return structure to protect lifter return to correct position 增加先复位机构保护lifter回到正确位置。. 19.Propose to add draft on slider side wall and draw polish. 建议增加slider的角度和抛光角度。. 20.It is too thin and very difficult to inject fully, and weakness wall will have risk of the part function 该处壁厚过薄而造成很难去 填充完整，薄壁将会有产品功能上的风险。. 21.These are will have sink marks due to uneven thickness, propose to reduce plastic. 壁厚不均匀容易产生缩印，建议在该处减胶。. 22.These are will have sink marks due to ribs opposite. 正面的筋位易导致背面产生缩印。. 23.Please confirm the 3D part thickness whether has including painting thickness or not? 请确认产品的设计是否考虑到油漆的厚 度。.
模具--中英文对照
dowel pin 定位梢 draft 拔模锥度 draw bead 张力调整杆 drive bearing 传动轴承 ejection pad 顶出衬垫 ejector 脱模器 ejector guide pin 顶出导梢 ejector leader busher 顶出导梢衬套ejector pad 顶出垫 ejector pin 顶出梢 ejector plate 顶出板 ejector rod 顶出杆 ejector sleeve 顶出衬套 ejector valve 顶出阀 eye bolt 环首螺栓 filling core 椿入蕊 film gate 薄膜形浇口 finger pin 指形梢 finish machined plate 角形模板 finish machined round plate 圆形模板fixed bolster plate 固定侧模板flanged pin 带凸缘销 flash gate 毛边形浇口 flask 上箱 floating punch 浮动冲头 gate 浇口 gate land 浇口面 gib 凹形拉紧楔 goose neck 鹅颈管
guide bushing 引导衬套 guide pin 导梢 guide post 引导柱 guide plate 导板 guide rail 导轨 head punch 顶头冲孔 headless punch 直柄冲头 heavily tapered solid 整体模蕊盒hose nippler 管接头 impact damper 缓冲器 injection ram 压射柱塞 inlay busher 嵌入衬套 inner plunger 内柱塞 inner punch 内冲头 insert 嵌件 insert pin 嵌件梢 king pin 转向梢 king pin bush 主梢 一、入水：gate 进入位：gate location 水口形式：gate type 大水口：edge gate 细水口： pin-point gate 水口大小：gate size 转水口：switching runner/gate 唧嘴口径：sprue diameter 二、流道: runner 热流道：hot runner, hot manifold 热嘴冷流道: hot sprue/cold runner
常用建筑中英文对照表
保留建筑EXISTING BUILDING 已建建筑AS-BUILT 新建建筑NEW BUILDING 道路ROADWAY 绿化LANDSCAPE 汽车流线CAR ACCESS 行人流线WALK ACCESS 消防车流线FIRE BRIGADE ACCESS 货车流线TRUCK ACCESS 自行车流线BICYCLE ACCESS 消防车道FIRE WAY 主出入口MAIN ENTRENCE 保安室NO.1GUARD HOUSE 主出入口1EXIT1 地下车库出口BASEMENT PARKING EXIT 自行车停车场BICYCLE PARKING 自行车停车位BICYCLE STAND 总停车位CAR PARK 其中INCLUDE 地上停车位AT-GRADE CAR PARK 地下停车位UNDERGROUND CAR PARK 空调管线AIR CONDITIONING
强电电缆LV10KV 弱电电缆ELV 电缆10KV HV 供水管SUPPLY WATER 污水管WASTE WATER 雨水管RAIN WATER 消防管线FIRE HYDRANT 西门子(中国)总部SIEMENS CENTER BEIJING 说明NOTE 1.本图依据城市道路高程及市政管线标高等资料并结合场地排水、场地地形、土方平衡等因素进行竖向设计。 1.THE DRAWING WITH"VERTICAL HEIGHT DESIGN"IS BASED ON CIT Y ROADWAY ENGINEERING WITH CITY BUREAU PIPELINE HEIGHT INDI CATION DOCUMENT SITE DRAINAGE,SITE TOPOGRAPHY,AND SOIL BA LANCE ARE INCORPORATED INTO THE DESIGN. 2.本图所用坐标系统为北京市城市坐标系统，所用高程为规划高 程。 2.THE DRAWING INCORPORATES BEIJING CITY COORDINATE SYSTEM. ALL THE INDICATIVE HEIGHTS ARE PLANNING HEIGHTS. 3.图中道路横坡按1.5%设计，最小纵坡为0.2%。 3.ALL THE ROADWAY INDICATED ON THE DRAWING IS BASED ON1.5% HORIZONTAL SLOPE.THE SMALLEST VERTICAL SLOPE IS0.2%.
压力容器常用材料的基本知识
压力容器常用材料的基本知识 1、压力容器用钢板选用时应考虑： ①设计压力；② 设计温度；③ 介质特性；④ 容器类别。 2、从材料力学性能来说，升温等效于升压，降温将导致钢材的脆性增加。 3、对同一种材料来说，随温度和板厚的增加，其许用应力则降低。因而当容器壳体 的名义厚度处于钢板许用应力变化的临界值时，应考虑此问题。如处于16mm的 Q235-B、Q235-C和16mm、36mm的Q345R都会发生许用应力跳档现象。 4、钢材的强度和塑性指标可通过拉伸试验和冷弯试验（室温下进行）获得。 5、板材供货时薄板以热轧状态供货，厚板以正火状态供货（因强度和韧性下降）。 6、压力容器用钢板当达到一定的厚度时，应在正火状态下使用，即使用正火板，如用 于壳体厚度〉30mm的Q345R钢板必须要求正火状态下供货和使用。需注意：正火仅对板材而言，而非整体设备。（热轧板呈铁红色，正火板呈铁青色）。 7、压力容器用钢与锅炉用钢类同，首先要保证足够的强度，还要有足够的塑性，质地均 匀等。因此，必须选用杂质（S、P）和有害气体含量较低的碳素钢和低合金钢，均为镇静钢。且为保证受压元件材料的焊接性能,一般须控制材料的含碳量＜0.25%。材料的含碳量升高，则其冲击韧性下降，脆性转变温度升高，在焊接时容易产生裂纹。 8、低合金钢的机械性能、耐腐蚀性、耐热性、耐磨性等均比碳素钢有所提高，其中最常 用的是：Q345R。它不仅S、P含量控制较严，更重要的是要求保证足够的冲击韧性，在材料验收方面也比较严格。因此其使用压力不受限制，使用温度上限为475 C,下限为-20 C。板厚为3 ~ 200mm。是应用很广的材料。 9、Q345R（GB713-2008 ）代替原16MnR）的使用说明： ①、Q345R的适用范围是：使用压力不限、使用温度为-20?475 C。 ②、Q345R用作压力容器壳体的板厚＞30mm时，则容器需焊后作退火热处理，热 处理的温度为600?650 C;若焊前预热至100 C,则板厚可提高至34mm 。 ③、Q345R 钢板一般是以热轧状态供货;当板厚＞30mm 时，为保证塑性和韧 性，一般采用正火板，且逐张钢板应超声波检测，皿级合格。 ④、Q345R 用作法兰、平盖、管板等厚度＞50mm 时，应在正火状态下使用。 ⑤、Q345R 属C-Mn 钢，是屈服强度为350MPa 级的普通低合金高强度钢，具有 良好的低温冲击韧性。手工焊时，若为压力容器则一般采用碱性焊条（如 J507 ），自动焊时，一般选用H08MnA 或H10Mn2 焊丝和HJ431 焊剂。 ⑥、Q345R钢板的最小厚度是3mm ,钢板厚度负偏差为0.3mm。 10、Q235-B适用于：设计压力P v 1.6MPa、钢板使用温度为20?300 C、用于容器壳