中国地质大学 考博真题 英语 1994-1997及答案
CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES
PhD Entrance Examination in English
11 May 1994
PART 3. T he sentences below contain one or more blanks. Write one appropriate word in each blank. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.
Put only ONE word in each blank. Contractions like he’s or they’ve are considered one word. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer will automatically be wrong.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1. Yesterday I gave my mother ___________ orange sweater for _________ birthday.
2. I was hungry, _________ I went into a restaurant and ordered ________food. The waiter _______ a long
time to bring me _______ I had ordered. When he finally brought it, he _______for the delay.
3. Someone________ just given me a typewriter. Do you think you could _______me to type?
4. Look at the time! It’s already 5:10, and we have to be at the station by 5:45! If we don’t _______ up,
we’ll _________ our train.
5. The stores are so crowded today and the file at the theatre is terrible. _______ just stay home and
________television instead. Of course, if you’d really ________ go out, we can do that. I’ll leave it up to you.
6. These documents are all in Chinese. We need to _______them translated _______ English in time
_________ the meeting with the foreign businessmen _________ Friday.
7. My parents have been __________ me to ___________married for the last two years, but I still haven’t
made up my ___________.
8. __________ to the weather report on the radio, it’s raining in Shanghai , but that ________ be true. I was
just on the phone to shanghai and the _________ I spoke with said it was sunny there.
9. After I ________ the university entrance exam I was extremely upset, because I was almost sure I had
_________ the test. To my ________, it __________ out that I had gotten the highest score in the
province!
10. This man claims that he’s from Beijing, but he speaks with a strong southern ________. It’s obvious
that he is just ________ to be from Beijing. I ________ where he’s really from.
11. I __________ to speak Russian fluently, but that’s not true now. In fact, I can no ________carry on even
a simple conversation in the language. I _________be able to get back my former fluency if I stayed in
Russia for a __________ months.
12. Our research team is _________ to complete a major project. Our findings will be _________in a series of
articles scheduled to appear next year. I will also _________ the results at a conference being _________ in Sydney later this year.
13. We are having some _________ with the machine that we imported__________ Japan last year. It has
__________down twice already. Each time we have ________to ask a technician to come to Beijing to __________it. The good news is that our technicians have__________ completed their training in Tokyo.
The next time we have a __________ , we won’t need to send for a Japanese specialist.
14. __________ he studied in America for three years, he can’t write English very well. He is rather
embarrassed by this now. He _________ he had spent more time ___________his written English while he was abroad.
15. You and I don’t need anyone else’s assistance. We can solve these problems by __________.
CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES
PHD ENTRANCE EXAMINATION IN ENGLISH
MAY 1995
PART 3. Each question in this part consist of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, D. Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter under that part in the space on the left side of the page.
If the four underlined parts are all good English (in other words, if there is no error in the sentence), write E in the space.
REMEMBER: You have five possible choices—A, B, C, D or E (= no error).
ANSWERS
1 ______ I hope the boss will agree to replace the furnitures in our office soon. The office should
A B C
look more modern.
D
2 ______ You are suppose to finish writing your report by Friday if you want it to be printed in
A B C
time for the conference.
D
3_______ Even though he is already half an hour late, don’t you think it would be a good idea to
A B C
wait a few minutes before we give up on him.
D
4 _______ There is a chart at the bottom of the page illustrates the surprising discrepancies in the
A B C
findings of the two research teams.
D
5________ Next week I am scheduled to fly to St Petersburg for a five-days international
A B
conference on key recent development in geophysics.
C D
6________ Because research funds have become much harder to obtain in the past two years, so
A B C
we have decided to focus on smaller projects.
D
7________ The minerals that the human body require are usually obtained from plants and, to a
A B C
lesser extent, from animals.
D
8________ Although I’ve often seen him on our campus, but I’m not sure who he is.
A B C D
9________ One of the most interesting things about San Francisco is the way the city’s streets go
A B C
up and down over its numerous hills.
D
10_______ The laboratory in which we do most of our experiments is located on the third floor of
A B C
the building across the street.
D
11_______ To improve my English, I ever read scientific articles and jot down useful words and
A B C
phrases in a notebook I keep just for that purpose .
D
12_______ Yesterday I had some free time, so I took a bus downtown and went to an exhibition
A B C
of Chinese new products.
D
13_______ I don’t think it would be a good idea for me to do fieldwork this summer, since my
A B C
wife is having a baby.
D
14_______ It’s pity you can’t go to the movies with me. I really believe you would enjoy the film
A B C
that’s being shown.
D
15_______ I’m very glad that I have an excuse for not going to the meeting tomorrow morning. I
A B
can’t stand such kind of meetings. They are a complete waste of time.
C D
16_______ According to the government’s plan, our university campus is set to undergo extensive
A B
changes. About six millions of dollars will be spent on new buildings over the next five years.
C D
17_______ It is obviously that we will be unable to carry out the next phase of our research unless
A B
we can get access to a more powerful electron microscope.
C D
18_______ These two young scientists are clearly responsible for most of significant research
A B
done in this institute since the death of Professor Qin.
C D
19_______ Be very, very quiet! See if you can remove the papers without make a sound.
A B C
Otherwise you’ll wake the baby.
D
20_______ I was almost killed in a terrible traffic accident that occurred late last year near the
A B C
gate of our university. I am very strange that you haven’t heard about it!
D
PART 3. The sentences below contain one or more blanks. Write one appropriate word in each blank. There may be several appropriate choices, but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical, grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words, it must be acceptable real English. Any answer in good English is correct.
Put only ONE word in each blank. Contractions like he’s or they’re are considered one word. If you put more than one word in a blank, your answer will automatically be wrong.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1.________ your friend ever visited the Great Wall?
2.In _____ to find out if a hypothesis is true or not, scientists normally conduct _______.
3.I _____ eating dinner when the telephone rang.
4.As you can see, this building is a restaurant. It ______ to be a shop, but about three years ___ the owner
decided he could ____ more money if he changed it into a restaurant.
5.There _____ three people in the room. The one ______ the book is my brother. The _____ two are
schoolmates of his Guangzhou.
6.Which would you ______ drink, tea or coffee?
7.How _____ beer does a bottle of this size hold?
8.Professor Wang’s plane is ______ to arrive at 10 o’clock. Do you know if anyone is _________ him at
the airport?
9.People say this is _______ informative articles. Have you read it _______ ?
10.The director is very pleased _______ Ms Cui’s work, so he has decided to ______ her. Starting new week,
she will be our supervisor.
11._________ a few Russians have blond hair. It’s not at all rare.
12.The State Science and Technology Commission is giving our research team an ________ for the project
we completed _______ January. Some experts say that our research results will ________ China to increase its gold production by fifteen percent.
13.Word and stone were the first materials _______ for tools.
14.I’m putting the object on the scale to find out how much it ______ .
15.I was a student at Zhejiang University from 1985 to 1990. Since ________ I have worked ________an
engineer in a factory that ________ motors for cars and trucks.
16. A square is a shape with four ________ sides.
17._________ Australia and Canada are huge countries, they have rather small populations. _______ of the
land in both nations is uninhabited.
18.When our oil drill broke down, it _______ us over a month to _______ it.
19.I think all Chinese scientists _______ be able to read and speak English, Russian or Japanese . Do you
______ with me?
20.Japanese culture is very _______ to that of China and Korea. This is because the Japanese _____ much of
their East Asian neighbors until the last century.
21.Our research team tried ________ ten months to find the money to continue our project. We finally
________ in getting funds from a company in Shanghai. We completed the project last month. The results will be ______ in a well-known international scientific journal.
22.My sister is ambitious and works very ______ , whereas my brother is so lazy that he _______ works at all.
23.Next summer an international geological congress will be ______ in Berijing. The organizers ________
thousands of scientists to come to Beijing from all over the globe. Unfortunately I will be _______ all summer, so I’ll have to miss the event. What about you? Are you planning to _______ it? I certainly would be there if I ___ you. It will be a wonderful _______ to meet some of the greatest geologists of our generation.
24.It is possible to see _______ a window, but not a mirror.
25.I had a lot of _______ opening the door to our lab this morning. I don’t know why it was so _______ .
Neither my key nor the door seems to be damaged.
CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES
PhD Entrance Examination in English
May 1996
PART 2. Each question in this part consists of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined, The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A,B,C,D.Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter under that part in the space on the left side of the page .
If the four underlined parts are all good English (in other words,if there is no error in the sentence ).write E in the space.
REMEMBER : You have FIVE possible choices-----A,B,C,D or E (=no error).
ANSWERS
1._______ Over half of soldiers in the Chinese army come from rural areas. Those who
A B C
leave the army often go back to their villages and set up small businesses.
D
2._______ I am not sure that the door to our lab is enough wide to allow the workmen to
A B C
move in the bigger pieces of equipment.
D
3._______ If we can persuade the foundation to grant us just a little more money ,so we will
A B C
be able to finish this project in time for the conference.
D
4._______ Professor Harris certainly isn't much of a lecturer .I am always very boring then I
A B
have to sit through one of his long dull presentations.
C D
5._______ Since the roads in the region are so poor,even with three geological teams it will
A B C
probably take at least five or six months to complete all the fieldworks.
D
6._______ On the staff of our institute are some 180 technicians, half of whom have little or
A B C D
nothing to do.
7._______Which of them is going to accompany with Professor Hart when he travels to
A B
eastern Tibet this fall.
C D
8._______ In the article I included a drawing illustrates the geology beneath the surface of
A B C
our main drilling site.
D
9._______ I'd like to find the phone number of the Beijing office of a engineering firm
A B
named Bechtel,but I don't know what it's called in Chinese.Do you happen to
C D
know?
10._______ It was hard to get to our hotel from the airport .As we couldn't afford a taxi,first
A B
we took a bus,and later we change to the underground.
C D
11._______ Several of the people in my chemistry class suddenly got sick last night and had to
A B
go to the hospital .Three other classmates of mine were already in the hospital
C
with a mysterious illness.
D
12._______ The best months in which to go Beijing are May and October,when the skies are
A B C
clear and the average temperature is pleasantly cool.
D
13._______ Everybody hopes that tomorrow would be sunny .If not ,we will be forced to call
A B
our picnic off or else to eat indoors.
C D
14._______ The businessmen standing over there speaking English are mostly from the US
A B
and Canada,but one of them is a British and three are Australians.
C D
15._______ The director has frequently said that we should make better use of our
A
computers,however, the older employees still have not received adequate
B C
computer training.
D
16._______ A Chinese ancient thinker once said that a picture is worth a thousand words .The
A B
publishers who put out textbooks for Chinese university students should heed
C
this excellent advice.
D
17._______ I am eating in dining halls for the last six weeks ,because neither I nor my
A B
roommate has time to cook while we prepare for our qualifying exams.
C D
18._______ Only a handful of fossils of this sort have been found in all parts of the world .Our
A B
museum is remarkably fortunate to have five of the twelve known specimens in
C D
its collection.
19._______We are conducting this series of experiments in order to seek more nowledges.The
A B C
results thus far have been most impressive.
D
20._______ This newly-published article is extremely useful.I think I will give the author a
A B
letter to tell him how interested I am in his work. Perhaps we can undertake some
C D
joint research in the future.
PART 3. In this part of the test you are asked to complete an analogy.For instance,on your paper you may see this :
BLACK :: WHITE
BIG :: _________
You should interpret this as " The word black has the same relation to the word white as the word big has to the "word __________".First you should think about black and white .How are they related,logically and grammatically?You decide that they are both adjectives and that they are opposite in meaning.
Then ask yourself what adjective is the opposite of big.There are several words you could choose,but you must give only one.You could choose small or little or tiny,etc.Each is the opposite of big.You decide to use the word small ,so you write that word in the space provided.
Now you analogy is complete .black and white are opposite in neaning but grammatically similar,and so are big and small.
Remember to put only one word or short phrase (e.g. on time) in each blank
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1 PEN :: WRITE
TRUCK :: ______________
2 PALACE :: HOUSE
MOUNTAIN :: _____________
3 FLOAT :: SINK
MOVE :: _____________
4 SCATTERED :: CONCENTRATED
OPTIONAL :: ______________
5 MESS :: DISORDER
PROPOSAL ::______________
6 RICH :: MONEY
CURIOUS :: _______________
7 INSTRUMENT ::MICROSCOPE
STRUCTURE::______________
8 MUSEUM :: DISPLAYS
DICTIONARY :: ______________
9 BEHIND SCHEDULE :: LATE
SIGNIFICANT :: _____________
10 ENORMOUS :: LARGE
FURIOUS ::_____________
PART 4.In this section you must write some questions. You will see a sentence with an underlined part . This underlined part is the answer to the question you should make .For example,suppose you see this:
Q _________________________________________________
A His name is John Forstner.
What question (Q) will produce the answer (A) in which John Forstner is the key information ?You decide that the question must be "What is his name ?" and you then write that question in the space above the answer .You could make other correct choices.For instance,if you were to write "What is he called?",that would also be acceptable. Please give only one question,however .Don't forget to write the question mark(?) where you need it . Sometimes the answer will be very short ,the kind of very short reply you might make in spoken English.Just make sure your question can logically produce that answer,whatever it is.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1 Q ________________________________________________________________
A He took the city bus.
2 Q ______________________________________________________________
A It's located in western Hubei.
3 Q _____________________________________________________________
A 2022244,extension 99750.
4 Q ______________________________________________________________
A They examined the samples under the electron microscope.
5 Q __________________________________________________________
A He got there 45 minutes late.
6 Q ___________________________________________________________
A It's published every 4 months.
7 Q ______________________________________________________________
A They gave it to the policeman.
8 Q ___________________________________________________________
A They gave it to the policeman.
9 Q ___________________________________________________________
A I grew up in a town about 450 km west of Moscow.
10 Q ________________________________________________________
A The town I grew up in was a small, friendly,sleepy place on the Volga River,85km from the nearest railway.
PART 5. The sentences below contain one or more blanks. Write one appropriate word in each blank .There may be several appropriate choices,but you must write only one. Your choice must be logical,grammatically correct and properly spelled. In other words,it must be acceptalbe real English.Any answer in good English is correct.
If no word is needed or appropriate , write zero (0) in the blank. You must use this symbol to show that nothing is needed in the blank Empty blanks, with no word or zero in them , will count as errors.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1 The meter is used internationally to _________ distance.
2 I studied at Qinghua University from 1989 to 1994 .Since __________ I have been _______for the
Siemens Corporation in Shanghai as ________ industrial engineer.
3 This is the clearest textbook I've___________ studied.
4 __________Russians can speak Chinese, even ___________Russia and China have been neighbors for
over three _________now.
5 Wood, coal and __________ gas are all used for _______in different parts of China.
6 My watch is very ________. It's never fast or slow .
7 The film made a deep _________on me. In fact,I was so __________by it that I went to see it
______seven times.
8 He said he would be at the meeting today, but I _________whether he'll actually come.
9 _________intends to wear a black dress to the party this evening .________husband is going in a grey
suit.
10 We didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. The delay was ______by the repairs being made on the highway
_________Jinan and Tianjin. We were quite __________to find the repair work still in progress, because we heard that the work on the road had been completed ________ three weeks earlier .
11 Mistakes are hard to ________when one is inexperienced.
12 Our article has been __________by the journal, but the editors haven't ________us when it will be published.
13 Steel is manufactured ________iron ore.
14 My father _______mathematics in a Chengdu secondary school until he ______in 1993.Now he
_________most of ________time working in the garden behind our house.
15 Qomolangma (Mt Everest) is the ______tallest mountain, if I'm not mistaken.
16 I ______basketball almost every day when I was a teenager. Nowadays I get very __________
exercise.As a _______I'm beginning to put on weight.
17 _______the conference English will be used ________the main working language. Anyone who can't
speak English will have to rely on ________.
18 The__________ in our lab is getting old. I think it should all be ________with new instruments.
19 Most people__________ the summer weather in Wuhan very unpleasant.
20 The government of China tries to promote scientific research, ___________research likely to contribute to economic growth.
北京大学考博英语模拟题14
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.360docs.net/doc/7910965846.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
中国地质大学考博英语真题部分解析
中国地质大学考博英语真题部分解析 34.A解析：例证题。题目“Toyota Motor是一个_______的例子”。定位到末段，末段主要提到热情的消费者可能会号召其他人抵制某个产品，威胁到产品所属公司的名声，这时公司的回应有可能不够迅速、周到。这是本段的核心信息。接下来就拿Toyota Motor举例，举例中提到这个公司在公司名声遇到如上提到的危机情况时作出的反应，且成功减轻了危害程度。由此可知，例子是对本段中心句的一个反面例子论证公司对hijacked media 的反应。故选项[A](有效地回应被劫持利用的媒体)为正确答案。 干扰项：[B]persuading customers into boycotting products(劝说消费者抵制产品)，文中末段第一句提到了消费者可能会劝说其他人抵制某些产品，故为张冠李戴。[C]cooperating with supportive consumers(与支持自己的消费者合作)，在例子中提到Toyota Motor公司缓解危机的方式是与消费者直接沟通，这首先属于例子内的信息，不符合例证题的解题思路，其次沟通交流不等于合作，故排除。[D]taking advantage of hijacked media(利用被劫持的媒体)，文中是消除被劫持媒体带来的危害，而非去利用被劫持的媒体，故排除。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 35.A解析：主旨题。题目“这篇文化在那个主要讲述的是______”。本文首段第三句就提出文章中心“companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media”，即虽然传统收费媒体仍在发挥重大作用，但是现今的公司可以去选择其他媒体形式。后文主要是介绍其他可选择的媒体形式，并对其作出评论。故选项[A]Alternatives to conventional paid media(与传统收费媒体对应的其他媒体形式)为正确答案。 干扰项：[B]Conflict between hijacked and earned media(被劫持媒体和免费媒体之间的冲突)[C]Dominance of hijacked media(被劫持媒
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
2011北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
中国地质大学(北京)2018年考博英语翻译
2018年地大（北京）英语考博翻译试题 Social impacts of technology Although affordances and constraints of technological products are not objective features of them, they can be correlated with objective material features in them. For example, the physical constitution of speed bumps physically prevents cars from speeding without damage to the car or major inconvenience. The physical procedure of fertilization in IVF affords pregnancies without prior physical intercourse. In a particular context of use, these physical features translate into new social realities (new behaviors, new social arrangements, new perceptions and beliefs) that can be identified as impacts of a technological product. Social impacts of technology can be identified at different levels of social analysis, including the micro-level of individuals and their interactions, the meso-level of groups and organizations and their interactions, and the macro-level of social structures, cultural systems and social institutions and their dynamics. For the study of the role of technology in a good society, which is an issue that plays out at the macro-level, macro-level impacts of technology are obviously the most important to consider. However, micro- and meso-level impacts may also need to be considered in order to properly identify and understand macro-level impacts. At the micro-level, technological products may influence their immediate context of use in at least three ways. First, they may affect the behavior of users and the social roles and relations that users build in relation to others. For example, the possession of an automobile may influence where people live and what places they visit, and may also signal social status and identity. Second, technological products will not fit every user profile equally well, meaning that some users will not be able to use them well, or not at all, because they lack the required physical characteristics, knowledge, skills, interests, or access to resources. As a consequence, the introduction of a new technological product will affect potential users in different ways, benefiting some while excluding or marginalizing others. Third, technological products often require the presence of material and social contextual background conditions for them to function well. For example, for automobiles to function well as vehicles for transportation, there must be material and social infrastructure present, such as roads, traffic lights, police, ambulance services, and so forth. The introduction of new technological products will therefore often stimulate the creation of appropriate background conditions for them to function well. This is also a way in which technological products have social impacts. These three types of affordances and constraints, concerning influence on behavior and social roles, selection of user profiles, and selection of material and social background conditions, also play out at the meso-level of groups and organizations.
2012四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解
四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B）
北京大学考博英语真题常见句子翻译方法
北京大学考博英语真题常见句子翻译方法近期很多考生问关于条件状语从句的分析和翻译问题，在此，育明考博老师结合同学提出的两个典型问题为大家分析条件状语从句，并给出相应的参考译文。 一、问题：请分析并翻译：If you are part of the group which you are addressing,you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. 解析：很多考生看到这样一句从横三、四行的长句会心生畏惧，对自己没有信心，自然也就无法理清这句中的各种枝节。拿到这样的一个句子，最主要的仍然是先把主干找到，然后再看其他部分和主干的关系。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 句子主干：you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties 主干是由两个并列的分句组成的，第一个分句是you will be in a position to know the experiences主系表结构，第二个分句是it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties形式主语+系表结构+不定式作真正的主语。
中国地质大学 考博真题 英语 2003及答案
C H I N A U N I V E R S I T Y O F G E O S C I E N C E S PhD Entrance Examination in English 21April 2003 LISTEN TO THIS! Good morning! You are about to take the English test for people who wish to enter the doctoral program in the earth sciences at this school. The test may be rather different from any exam you’ve taken in the past. The first part is a timed listening exercise. The other four sections test your knowledge of grammar, elementary writing skills and basic vocabulary, plus your reading ability. You can have as much time as you like for the last four parts of the test—within reason, of course. The test has five sections, worth a total of 130 points in all; the answers in part 5, the reading test, are worth three points each. The answers for parts 1,2,3 and 5 (in other words, every part except 4) should be marked on your answer sheet. The answers for part 4 should be written directly on this test paper. Make sure you READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS for each part of the test! The results of this exam will enable us to compare your preparation in English with that of the other candidates. The “passing” grade is relative; in other words, it will depend on the scores for the whole body of test-takers. You should just relax and do as well as you can. We shall now begin. Turn the page to part 1. Good luck!
哈工大考博英语真题及答案
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein
北京大学考博英语历年试题分析
北京大学考博英语历年试题综合分析 导言：考博英语真题的重要性 全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真 题分析则显得尤为重要。华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总 结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。 考博英语试题的独特性 众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生 入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英 语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。 首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要 求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会 选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方 面而引起的错误和争议。 其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级、杂 志文章或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。因其题目来源的独特性，我们研 究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。如果考生在考前了解了这 一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。所以考生考前 精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。
考博英语试题的作用 考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。 指导作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、 题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。 规划作用。考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。 调控作用。通过研读历年的考博英语试题，以所报考院校的英语真题为标杆，随时监控与调节自己的复习计划，使自己的复习计划在最短的时间内获得满意的成绩。 由此可知，研究真题对于考生在较短时间内提升成绩是有很大帮助的。因此，华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学历年的考博真题进行了细致且深入的研究，将北京大学考博英语的出题特点、题目类型等进行了详细论述，对下一年度的考博英语命题趋势进行了预测，并提出了针对北京大学考博英语的备考方法，让考生的复习备考更加具有针对性，让考生少走弯路，快速提高考试成绩。 以下是华慧考博英语研究中心对北京大学考博英语历年试题详细分析。 一、北京大学考博英语试题的考核要求 北京大学博士研究生非英语专业入学考试是学校为招收博士研究生而设置的选拔性考试。教育部颁布的《硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲》规定：“博士生入学其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”。根据这一规定，并结合历年招收博士研究生的具体情况，我校博士生入学英语考试既考查考生的语言知识，又注重测试考生的语言应用能力。
2011北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析
Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%） Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet. 11．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution. A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for 12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message. A．accustomed to split and divided B．accustomed to splitting and dividing C．accustomed to split and dividing D．accustomed to splitting and divided 13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value. A. at itself B. as itself C. on itself D. in itself 14．us earlier, your request to the full. A.You have contacted…we could comply with B.Had you contacted…we could have complied with C.You had contacted…could we have complied with D.Have you contacted…we could comply with 15．The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy. A. discard B. discreet C. discord D. disgorge 16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology. No one can shield himself such an influence. A. on…by…at B. by…for…in C. from…in…on D. through…with…from 17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create . A. bore B. bored C. boredom D. bordom 18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz. A. lacked B. lacking C. for lack of D. lack of 19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine. A. that have to B. have to C. having to D. has to 20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it. A. none the worse B. none the better C. never worse D. never better 21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color. A. cried out for…cried out for B. cry out for…cry out for C. had cried out for…cried out for D. had cried out for…cry out for 22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very . A. trigger B. meager C. vigor D. linger 23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology. A. as much the Africans are detribalized B. the Africans are much being detribalized C. as much as the Africans are being detribalized D. as much as the Africans are detribalized 24. We admire his courage and self-confidence. A. can but B. cannot only C. cannot but D. can only but 25. In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to