十套考研英国概况练习题及答案
British Survey Test
Part I Geography
1. The total area of the U.K. is _____.
A. 211,440
B. 244,110
C. 241,410
D. 242,534
2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.
A. northern
B. eastern
C. southern
3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.
A. Northern Ireland
B. England
C. Scotland
4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary.
A. Wales
B. Scotland
C. England
5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.
A. 14th
B. 15th
C. 16th
6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.
A. 1707
B. 1921
C. 1801
7. Psysiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces.
A. 13
B. 12
C. 14
8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.
A. the Scottish Highlands
B. Wales
C. England
9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____.
A. north to south
B. south to north
C. east to west
10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England.
A. Scotland
B. Wales
C. Vale of Eden
11. The longest river in Britain is _____.
A. Severn
B. Clyde
C. Bann
12. London is situated on the River of _____.
A. Parret
B. Thames
C. Spey
13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short.
A. North Sea
B. English Channel
C. Dee estuary
15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____.
A. Scotland
B. Wales
C. England
16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____.
A. Cotswolds
B. Oxford Clay
C. Pennines
17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.
A. 50%
B. 38%
C. 42%
18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.
A. Scotland
B. England
C. Northern Ireland
19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____.
A. 1964
B. 1946
C. 1694
20. Britain is basically an importer of _____.
A. food
B. raw materials
C. manufactures
D. both A and B
21. British farmers produce enough food to supply _____ of the needs of the population.
A. 2/3
B. 4/5
C. 1/2
22. Britain’s main cereal crop is _____.
A. oats
B. corn
C. barley
D. rye
23. The center of the Britain financial system is _____.
A. Bank of England
B. Bank of Britain
C. Bank of U.K.
24. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.
A. the Angles
B. the Saxons
C. the Picts
D. the Jutes
25. “Black Country” refers to _____.
A. countryside in England
B. an area around Birmingham
C. a country in Africa
26. The second largest port in Britain is _____.
A. London
B. Belfast
C. Liverpool
27. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.
A. Cardiff
B. Belfast
C. Leith
28. Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.
A. 410
B. 750
C. 300
29. The U.K. is rich in the following except _____.
A. coal
B. iron
C. gold
D. tin
30. The decrease of British population is caused by the following except _____.
A. limitation of immigration
B. fall of the birth rate
C. fall of death rate
D. unemployment
31. The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.
A. 60%
B. 80%
C. 70%
32. The Queen’s University is in the city of _____.
A. Belfast
B. Edinburgh
C. Manchester
33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.
A. final unification of England
B. foundation of aristocracy
C. great administrative progress
D. some peculiarities of dialect
34. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.
A. 80
B. 85
C. 90
35. The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland does not exceed _____ million acres.
A. 30
B. 25
C. 40
36. The highest mountain in England is _____.
A. Mt. Mourne
B. Mt. Snowdon
C. Mt. Seafell
37. The second largest city in England is _____.
A. Glasgow
B. Birmingham
C. Manchester
38. The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.
A. Gaels
B. Britons
C. Anglo-Saxons
39. Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.
A. southern
B. northern
C. western
40. By the Act of Union in _____, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was
adopted.
41. _____ has its own national church and its own system of law.
A. Wales
B. Northern Ireland
C. Scotland
42. The _____ End inc ludes Westminster, St. James’ Palace
A. East
B. West
C. North
43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.
A. Scotland
B. Northern Ireland
C. Wales
D. England
1. The U.K. is situated in _____ Europe.
2. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____ _____.
3. The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.
4. The largest part of U.K. is _____.
5. The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.
6. _____ _____ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union with Great Britain.
7. The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by the present name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in _____.
8. The highest mountain in Britain is _____ _____.
9. The “Backbone of England” refers to the _____.
10. Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the _____ _____.
11. The most important river is the River of _____.
12. The political centre of the Commonwealth is _____.
13. Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _____ _____.
14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.
15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.
16. The Bank of England was founded in _____.
17. The population of the U.K. is more than _____ million.
18. Britain is basically an exporter of _____.
19. The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the _____.
20. In Wales many people speak _____.
21. People sing the national anthem in _____.
22. The earliest invasion is that by the _____-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians.
23. The modern _____ and _____ are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtic tribes.
24. The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____.
25. Greater London is made up of 12 _____ London boroughs and _____ Outer London boroughs.
26. The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of _____.
27. The British national anthem is _____ _____ _____ _____.
28. The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.
29. Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the _____ End.
30. River _____ flows through Glasgow.
31. Mt. Seafell stands in _____.
32. The source of the River _____ is in the Cotswolds.
33. The capital city of Wales is _____.
34. The United Kingdom is rich in _____, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver.
35. Define the Following Terms
36. “Backbone of England”
37. Greater London
38. Celts
39. The “Irish Question”
I. Answer the Following Questions
1. What are the major factors influencing the British weather characterized by a moderate temperature and plenty of rainfall?
2. Why is United Kingdom said to be a trading nation?
3. What are the general characteristics of the British economy?
英美概况一答案
Part I
I.
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II.
Northwestern Great Britain, Northern Ireland Scottish, Welsh England London Northern Ireland 1921 Ben Nevis Pennines North Sea Thames London Northern Ireland Atlantic Gulf Stream 1750, 1850 1694 57 manufacture Irish Welsh English dark Scots, Irish Welsh Inner, 20 Edinburgh God Save the Queen North West Clyde England Thames Cardiff coal
英美概况英国历史部分
History
1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.
A. once
B. twice
C. three times
2. King Arthur was the king of _____.
A. Picts
B. Celts
C. Scots
D. Jutes
3. The first “King of the English” was _____.
A. Alfred
B. Egbert
C. Bede
D. Ethelred
4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.
A. 14th
B. 8th
C. 6th
5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.
A. Oliver Cromwell
B. Charles I
C. William II
6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain
form the basis of the modern British people.
A. Saxons
B. Scots
C. Welsh
D. Wessex
7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.
A. the King of Denmark and Norway
B. the king of England
C. Julius Caesar
D. the Archbishop of Canterbury
8. The _____ invaded England in the earliest time.
A. Danes
B. Iberians
C. Romans
D. Celts
9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.
A. Norway
B. Denmark
C. France
D. both A and B
10. Edward was known as the “_____” because of his reputation for saintliness.]
A. Confessor
B. Conqueror
C. Protector
11. Norman Conquest began in _____.
A. 1016
B. 1066
C. 1035
12. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.
A. John
B. Henry I
C. Henry II
13. In 1181 Henry II issued the _____ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.
A. Inquest of Sheriffs
B. Assize of Arms
C. Doomsday Book
14. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _____.
A. Henry I
B. Henry II
C. Henry III
15. Henry II appointed in 1162 _____ Archbishop of Canterbury.
A. Thomas Becket
B. Stephen Langton
C. Simon de Mortfort
16. Charles I was beheaded in _____.
A. 1649
B. 1648
C. 1653
17. It was _____ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.
A. Edward I
B. Henry IV
C. Simon de Montfort
18. The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.
A. two
B. four
C. three
19. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____.
A. Henry Turner
B. Watt Tyler
C. Richard
20. The English Church was strictly _____.
A. national
B. international
C. regional
21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.
A. coup d’etat
B. racial slaughter
C. peasant rising
22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.
A. factory of the world
B. expansion of markets
C. social upheaval
23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _____ and ended in _____.
A. 1775, 1783
B. 1774, 1782
C. 1786, 1784
24. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.
A. 1606
B. 1042
C. 1066
25. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.
A. King Henry II
B. King Richard
C. King John
26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.
A. grow
B. flourish
C. decline
D. end
27. It was _____ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.
A. Thomas More
B. Thomas Paine
C. Thomas Jefferson
28. The first Prime Minister was _____.
A. Wilminton
B. George Grenville
C. Robert Walpole
29. The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the “_____” is considered the “beginning of parliament”.
A. All Estates Parliament
B. Model Parliament
C. Long Parliament
30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.
A. the Wars of Roses
B. the Hundred Years’ War
C. Peasant Uprising
31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.
A. feudalism
B. capitalism
C. Catholicism
32. Prime Minister _____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.
A. Palmerston
B. Robert Peel
C. Gladstone
33. By the end of the Hundred Years’ War only the port of _____ remained under English rule.
A. Troyes
B. Gascon
C. Calais
34. In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.
A. Earthquake
B. Black Death
C. Drought
35. _____ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th century.
A. John Wycliffe
B. Watt Tyler
C. Somerset
36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.
A. Tudor
B. Lancaster
C. Plantagenet
37. In the “_____” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under a very expansive definition of crime.
A. All Estates parliament
B. Merciless Parliament
C. Model Parliament
38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.
A. white
B. red
C. pink
D. yellow
39. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _____ to _____.
A. 1600, 1604
B. 1640, 1644
C. 1642, 1646
40. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.
A. novelist
B. dramatist
C. poet
41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.
A. The Constitutional Monarchy
B. All Estates Parliament
C. House of Lancaster
42. The _____ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.
A. Moscow Company
B. Eastland Company
C. East India Company
43. _____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.
A. John Hawkins
B. Francis Drake
C. Diaz
44. In 1534 Parli ament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.
A. the Bill of Rights
B. Act of Supremacy
C. Act of Settlement
45. Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.
A. the Roman Church
B. the Catholic Church
C. the Anglican Church
46. In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.
A. France
B. Spain
C. Russia
47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.
A. Cromwell
B. Charles I
C. Henry VIII
48. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.
A. Henry VII
B. Elizabeth I
C. Victoria
49. The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.
A. the iron industry
B. the textile industry
C. the coal industry
50. From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of _____.
A. Tory
B. Whig
C. Labour
51. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _____.
A. Churchill
B. Chamberlain
C. Baldwin
52. At the End of _____ century, the East India Company was formed.
A. 15th
B. 16th
C. 14th
53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.
A. 1756, 1763
B. 1713, 1720
C. 1754, 1761
54. In 1689 Parliament passed “_____”, limiting the powers of the crown.
A. Habeas Corpus Act
B. the Bill of Rights
C. Navigation Act
55. _____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.
A. George Stephenson
B. Samuel Crompton
C. James Hargreaves
56. The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in _____.
A. Birmingham
B. Liverpool
C. Manchester
57. Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _____.
A. railway strike
B. strike of the postmen
C. coal strike
D. strike of the transport
58. The Victorian Age was over the _____ began.
A. Edwardian Age
B. Georgian Age
C. Elizabethan Age
59. The _____ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.
A. Indian
B. Qing
C. Irish
D. Spanish
60. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.
A. Culture Movement
B. colonial document
C. feudal document
61. _____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.
A. The Bore War
B. The Wars of the Roses
C. Queen Annes’ War
62. The Reformation was a product of _____.
A. the Renaissance
B. the Chartist Movement
C. the Hundred Years’ War
63. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.
A. Shakespeare
B. Milton
C. Chaucer
D. Bacon
64. The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _____ period of capitalism.
A. feudal
B. modern
C. colonial
D. medieval
65. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.
A. Declaratory Act
B. Treaty of Paris
C. Treaty of Montgomery
66. The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in _____.
A. 1845, 1858
B. 1828, 1835
C. 1839, 1848
67. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _____.
A. France
B. India
C. China
D. America
68. _____ formed a coalition government in 1940.
A. Winston Churchill
B. Lloyd George
C. Neville Chamberlain
69. By the _____ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.
A. Statue of Westminster
B. Locarno Treaty
C. Disputes Act
70. The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as _____.
A. William Shakespeare & Ben Jonson
B. Christopher Marlowe & John Milton
C. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells
71. Before WWII _____ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions that might lead to war.
A. Neville Chamberlain A. Stanley Baldwin
C. Winston Churchill
72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.
A. Locarno Treaty
B. Grand Alliance
C. Statute of Westminster
73. The first coalition government during WWI was organized when _____ was the Prime Minister.
A. Lloyd George
B. Herbert Asquith
C. Stanley Baldwin
74. When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.
A. Austria
B. Russia
C. Belgium
D. Poland
1. At about 3000 BC, some of the _____ settled in Britain.
2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the _____ built Hadrian’s Wall.
3. The real Roman conquest began in _____.
4. _____ _____’s“Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.
5. Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to _____ Times.
6. _____ was considered the first national hero.
7. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.
8. In history John was nicknamed King of _____.
9. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or _____ _____.
10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.
11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.
12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.
13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.
14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.
15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.
16. The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.
17. The head of the _____ was Archbishop of _____.
18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.
19. The People’s Charte r included _____ points such as universal male suffrage.
20. The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of _____ in 1842.
21. After the Crimean War _____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.
22. The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of _____ _____ rising.
23. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.
24. The Enclosure Movement began in the _____ century.
25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.
26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.
27. The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____ companies.
28. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _____, the English Church was strictly _____.
29. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called “_____” Mary.
30. “Renaissance” means “_____”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancie nt Greek and Rome.
31. During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called “_____”.
32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.
33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.
34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.
35. The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ _____ whose work _____ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.
36. English Renaissance began in _____ century.
37. The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.
38. During the Civil Wars (1642 – 1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.
39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.
40. The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _____.
41. The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.
42. The basic point of the People’s Charte r is _____ _____.
43. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.
44. From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of _____ _____.
45. The Parliament passed the Act of _____ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son from the succession.
46. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.
47. In September 1939 Germany invaded _____, thus Britain and France declared war on Germany.
48. The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.
49. The steam engine was invented by _____ _____ in 1769.
50. Samuel Crompton invented the _____ _____ in 1779.
51. Edmund Cartwright invented the _____ _____ in 1785.
52. Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.
53. In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _____.
54. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____ _____ _____”.
55. On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and _____ was formed.
56. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _____ war because it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted _____ years.
57. At the _____ _____ _____, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.
58. The _____ _____ of 1926 was Austen chamb erlain’s chief claim to fame as foreign secretary.
59. On May 7, 1945, _____ surrendered unconditionally.
60. It was _____ _____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.
61. When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the _____ system was established. Explain the Following Terms
1. The Norman Conquest
2. The Glorious Revolution
3. The Chartist Movement
4. The Opium War
5. The Hundred Years’ War
6. Black Death
Answer the Following Questions
1. What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slow growth of Britain’s economy since the Second World War?
2. What is the importance Simon de Mortfort hold in British history (with special reference to his role in the creation of the Parliament system)?
What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?
英美概况自测题（二）英国历史部分答案
I. BBBCA ADBDA BABBA AACBA AAACC CBAAB BACBA ABBCB AAABC ABBBB ABABA CBABC BAABB CCAAC ABBC
1. II. Iberians Romans 43 A.D John Milton Anglo-Saxon Alfred William Lackland Magna Carta Domesday Bede Hastings feudalism Conqueror French Great Council Church Glorious Revolution 6 Nanjing Russia Watt Tyle r’s
2. Lancasterians, Yorkists 15th Paris 1840 Chartered international, national Bloody rebirth humanists feudal civil money Invincible Armada Thomas More, Utopia 16th Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord Protector Paris Tory, Whig universal suffrage Spinning Jenny splendid isolation Settlement Commonwealth Poland 18th James Watt Spinning Mule Power Loom Industrial Revolution Manchester Act of Supremacy Italy world, 4 Paris Peace Conference Locarno Treaty Germany Winston Churchill cabinet
英语考研英美概况模拟题（三）英国文化部分
Culture
Multiple Choice
1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____.
A. 5, 16
B. 6, 17
C. 7, 18
2. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or parallel classes.
A. grade
B. form
C. streams
3. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.
A. state
B. independent
C. local
4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____ school.
A. grammar
B. technical
C. secondary modern
5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.
A. 1167, 1284
B. 1234, 1325
C. 1335, 1427
6. There are over _____ universities in Britain.
A. thirty
B. forty
C. fifty
7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.
A. records of attendance
B. governing council
C. tutorial system
8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.
A. old
B. new
C. Scottish
9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.
A. open
B. new
C. middle aged
10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.
A. independent
B. open
C. old
11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.
A. London
B. the Fleet Street
C. Manchester
12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.
A. state
B. independent
C. religious
13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.
A. optional
B. compulsory
C. self-taught
14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.
A. Cambridge
B. Edinburgh
C. Oxford
15. British newspapers possess the following features except _____.
A. freedom of speech
B. fast delivery
C. monoplied by one of the five large organization
D. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive
16. The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.
A. Daily Mail
B. Daily Telegraphs
C. The Times
D. Guardian
17. _____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.
A. Sunday Times
B. The Observer
C. The people
D. News of the World
18. The most humorous magazine is _____.
A. New Society
B. Private Eye
C. Punch
D. Spectator
19. In the UK there are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.
A. 130, 1000
B. 200, 800
C. 160, 1200
20. There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.
A. nine
B. seven
C. eight
21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.
A. Liberal Party
B. Labour Party
C. Conservative Party
22. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.
A. journals
B. daily newspapers
C. local papers
23. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation.
A. 1922, 1927
B. 1292, 1297
C. 1822, 1827
24. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.
A. public
B. governmental
C. local
D. private
25. The BBC is mainly financed by _____.
A. payment from all people who possess TV sets
B. the income from advertisements
C. some large corporations
D. British government
26. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _____.
A. British Broadcasting Corporation
B. Independent Broadcasting Authority
C. Reuters
27. Reuters was founded in the year of _____.
A. 1518
B. 1815
C. 1851
28. The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.
A. BBC
B. the Press Association Ltd.
C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.
29. _____ is regarded as the most English of games.
A. Cricket
B. Soccer
C. Rugger
30. _____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.
A. Rugby football
B. Association football
C. Baseball
31. _____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.
A. Association football
B. Baseball
C. Cricket
32. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.
A. hockey
B. tennis
C. netball
33. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.
A. Horse
B. Boat
C. Dog
34. Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.
A. London
B. Edinburgh
C. Liverpool
35. It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.
A. Francis Bacon
B. Thomas Newcomer
C. James Watt
36. _____ discovered the circulation of food.
A. Francis Glisson
B. William Harvey
C. George Stephenson
37. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.
A. London, 1660
B. Liverpool, 1660
C. London, 1760
38. The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____ became its president.
A. Robert Boyle
B. Issae Newton
C. Francis Bacon
39. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.
A. Irish
B. Scottish
C. English
40. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.
A. John Dalton
B. Francis Glisson
C. Robert Boyle
41. The minor’s safety lamp was invented by _____.
A. Francis Bacon
B. William Harvey
C. Humphy Davy
42. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____.
A. evolution
B. immunology
C. virology
43. _____ is considered the father of English poetry.
A. Geoffrey Chaucer
B. John Milton
C. John Donne
44. Big Ben is the nickname of _____.
A. Benjamin Franklin
B. Sir Benjamin Hall
C. the 315-foot Clock Tower
45. The British Museum was founded in _____.
A. 1659
B. 1763
C. 1753
46. The British Museum is financed by _____ funds and is managed by a board of 25 trustees.
A. Government
B. individual
C. local
47. You could find the world-famous Speakers’ Corner in _____.
A. Great Russell
B. Hyde Park
C. Westminster Abbey
48. _____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.
A. Whitehall
B. St. Paul’s Cathedral
C. Westminster Abbey
49. _____ is the monarch’s present London home.
A. Westminster Palace
B. Buckingham Palace
C. Whitehall Palace
50. Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _____ was born in 1564.
A. William Shakespeare
B. Charles Dickens
C. Samuel Butler
Fill in the Blanks
1. There are two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain. They are the _____ school and the _____ school.
2. The independent school or “_____” school is few in number but of great influence.
3. The four types of state schools in the secondary education are the _____ schools, comprehensive secondary schools, _____ schools and secondary modern schools.
4. For all children in state schools, secondary education begins at the age of _____.
5. There are two systems for secondary education in state schools, the _____ and the _____.
6. Under the old selective system, children took an examination called the _____ _____ in their last year at a primary school. The results of this examination determined the secondary education a pupil would receive.
7. The oldest schools in UK are _____ schools.
8. _____ _____ schools were established before 1960, in which pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability.
9. At _____ or _____ pupils take an examination, either at the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.
10. At 18 there is another examination for the pupils, the _____ _____ of the General Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.
11. _____ schools are often attached to polytechnics.
12. The four famous school: Eton College, Harrow School, Winchester College and Rugby School are never referred to as colleges but _____ schools.
13. The public schools emphasize two factors in education. One is the study of classics and science, the other is the development of what is called “_____”.
14. The old universities in Britain refer to _____ and _____.
15. The five types of universities are the two _____ universities, the four _____ universities, the middle-aged universities, the new universities an the Open university and the one _____ university.
16. Oxford got started in the _____ century. It has _____ colleges.
17. There are about _____ students in Oxford and Cambridge respectively.
18. The University of London is a type of _____ university.
19. There are three academic degrees in Britain, the _____, _____ and _____ degrees.
20. A class in a state school is often called a “_____”, never a “grade”.
21. Almost all the national papers are published in the city of _____.
22. The _____ _____ is the national centre of the press in the UK.
23. The most famous broadcasting company is _____ _____ _____.
24. The most well-known news agency is _____.
25. The second oldest university in Britain is _____.
26. The Independent Broadcasting Authority gets its money from _____.
27. You’ll find all BBC’s programmes in the magazine _____ _____.
28. In 1851 Reuters was founded in _____.
29. _____ is regarded as the most English games.
30. School boys usually play rugger or _____ in winter, _____ in summer.
31. Schools girls usually play tennis and _____ in summer and netball and _____ in winter.
32. Netball is a kind of basketball, and rounders is a sort of _____.
33. The _____ _____ founded in London in 1660 is one of the most prestigious scientific bodies in the world.
34. Issae Newton held the president of the Royal Society for _____ years.
35. The famous book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was written by _____ _____.
36. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.
37. _____ _____, an English physician, discovered the vaccine for preventing smallpox and pioneered the sciences of immunology and virology.
38. The miner’s safety lamp was nicknamed _____ Lamp.
39. Charles Robert Darwin published his book On the _____ _____ _____ which caused a stir in Victorian times.
40. Oscar Wilder was an aesthete advocating “__________ _____ _____”.
41. The seat of the British Houses of Parliament is _____ _____.
42. “Big Ben” was named after Sir _____ _____.
43. The place where many famous figures are buried is called _____ _____.
44. Karl Marx once came to study and work in the British Museum Library and Completed most of his famous book _____ there.
45. _____ Park in the Centre of London is one of the World’s most famous city parks.
46. The _____ of _____ was a state prison from Norman times.
47. _____ is a most important street where some of the most important offices are located.
48. The people can visit 300 life-size wax figures in _____ _____.
Explain the Following Term
1. BBC
2. The Open University
3. The Spectator
Answer the Following Questions
1. What is the public school system in the UK? (talk about this in the following points: enrolment, funding and function)
2. What do you know about the difference between a quality paper and a popular paper in Britain? 英语专业考研英美概况自测题（三）英国文化部分答案
Part III
I. ACBAA BCDAA CABCD CBCCD CAACA ACBAB
ABACA BABBA CAACC ABCBA
I. State, Independent public grammar, technical l11 selective, comprehensive eleven plus grammar Comprehensive secondary 15, 16 Advanced Level Technical public character Oxford, Cambridge old, Scottish, independent 12th,
28 12000 middle-aged Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctor’s form London Fleet Street British Broadcasting Corporation Reuters Cambridge advertising Radio Times London Cricket soccer, cricket rounders, hockey basketball, baseball Royal Society 23 Issae Newton Scottish Edward Tanner Davy Origin of Species art for art’s sake Westminster Palace Benjamin Hall Westminster Abbey Capital Hyde To wer, London Whitehall Madame Tussaud’s
英语考研英美概况模拟题（五）英国政治体制
Political System
1. The British Monarchy is _____.
A. elective
B. democratic
C. hereditary
2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.
A. 17th
B. 16th
C. 15th
3. The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.
A. Prime Minister
B. Crown
C. Parliament
4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _____.
A. the House of Commons
B. the House of Lords
C. the Charmer
D. the Shadow Cabinet
5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is _____.
A. the Crown
B. the Cabinet
C. Shadow Cabinet
6. The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.
A. four
B. six
C. five
7. The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the _____ electoral districts.
A. 651, 651
B. 535, 535
C. 635, 635
8. The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, are _____.
A. hereditary
B. appointed
C. elected
9. The quorum in the House of Commons is _____ members.
A. thirty
B. forty
C. forty-five
10. The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.
A. British government
B. British Parliament
C. Opposition
D. Privy Council
11. The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.
A. Cabinet
B. Privy Council
C. Crown
12. The Privy Council was established in the 15th century when _____ was on the throne.
A. Henry V
B. Henry VI
C. Charles I
13. Not until _____ could the cabinet have a legal basis.
A. 1937
B. 1714
C. 1868
14. The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about _____.
A. 40
B. 20
C. 30
15. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is _____.
A. Lord Chancellor
B. Speaker
C. Prime minister
16. _____ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives, the Social Democratic Federation, the
Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900.
A. The Conservative Party
B. The Labour Party
C. The Liberal Party.
17. It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.
A. Prime Minister
B. Lord President
C. Speaker
18. The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _____.
A. Government
B. Opposition
C. Privy Council
19. London, because of its special location, is divided into _____ boroughs and the city of London.
A. 20
B. 12
C. 32
20. “The Morning Star” is the official paper of the _____.
A. Communist Party
B. Labour Party
C. Liberal Party
D. Social Democratic Party
21. The following persons except _____ have no right to vote.
A. certified lunatics
B. criminals
C. government employees
D. peers who have seats in the Lords
22. In England and Wales, the jury consists of _____ people in criminal and civil cases.
A. fifteen
B. twelve
C. seven
23. Legally any citizen aged from _____ to _____ who has never been sent to prison can be a member of the jury.
A. 16, 60
B. 18, 65
C. 18, 60
24. The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _____.
A. Chief Constable
B. Chairman
C. Mayor
25. A _____ appointed to act for the State is called Queen’s Counsel.
A. barrister
B. solicitor
C. lawyer
26. Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for _____.
A. one year
B. two years
C. six years
27. The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _____.
A. the Queen’s Bench Division
B. the Criminal Division
C. the Chancellor Division
D. the Family Division
28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as _____.
A. Roundheads
B. Loyalists
C. the Whigs
I. Fill in the Blanks
1. The present sovereign is _____ _____.
2. Elizabeth II came to the throne on Feb. 6th, _____.
3. The vital power lies in the _____ _____, and his/her cabinet.
4. The _____ is the only legal and constitutional link binding the members of the Commonwealth to the home country and to one another.
5. The British Parliament consists of three elements –the _____, the House of _____, and the House of _____.
6. The British legislature is _____.
7. The official head of Parliament is the _____.
8. The House of Commons appeared in late _____ century.
9. The government cannot legally spend any money without the permission of he House of _____.
10. Each year the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the minister of _____ presented the Budget.
11. The House of Lords is also called the _____ House, the House of Commons the _____ House.
12. The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the _____ _____.
13. By passing the two acts in _____ and _____, the House of Lords has no power to prevent the passing of legislation approved by the House of Commons.
14. The electoral districts of UK are called _____.
15. The head of House of Commons is the Speaker or _____ _____ _____ _____.
16. The house of Commons is divided in the light of political parties. The stronger party forms the _____ and the weaker the _____.
17. The Lord President is the head of the _____ _____.
18. The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, _____ _____ _____.
19. There are three classes in the departmental working personnel. They are the administrative class, the _____ class and the _____.
20. The administrative areas in terms of local government in England and Wales are counties, districts and _____.
21. Every local council of a county or district has its presiding officer called the _____.
22. Mayor or Lord is the presiding officer in a district which is called a _____ or _____.
23. The two major parties in Britain are the _____ Party and the _____ Party.
24. During the Civil War, the non-Puritan Anglicans who supported the king and church were known as Cavaliers or _____, the Puritans who supported Parliament were known as Roundheads or _____ _____.
25. In 1833 the Tory changed its name to the _____, and in 1860s the _____ became liberals.
26. The expenditure of the local government comes from two major sources. One is from local _____, the other is from the _____ central government.
27. Every _____ years a general election is held in Britain.
28. Every man and woman aged _____ or over has the right to vote.
29. A person who has no connection with any party is appointed in every constituency as a _____ _____.
30. The whole of the UK is divided into _____ electoral districts.
31. In the UK, the House of _____ is the supreme executive body of the Law, whereas the _____ _____ presides over the administration of Justice.
32. In terms of the nature of cases, we can divide the courts into two systems: the _____ Courts and the _____ Courts.
33. The _____’s job is deciding whether the accused person is guilty or innocent in the light of evidence.
34. In Scotland the jury consists of _____ people in criminal cases, _____ in civil cases in the High court of Justice and _____ in civil cases in the County Court.
35. To become a barrister, one must be a member of the four inns of _____ and pass the _____ examination.
36. The Metropolitan (London) police is the under the direct responsibility of the _____ _____.
37. The headquarters of the London police is the famous _____ _____.
II. Explain the Following Terms
1. The Cabinet
2. The Speaker
3. Poor Law
III. Answer the Following Questions
1. Can you say something about the English Monarchy?
2. Which are the major parties in Britain? What are the characteristics of them?
英语考研英美概况模拟题（五）英国政治体制Political System部分答案
经典语句网https://www.360docs.net/doc/918890966.html,
Part V
I.
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II.
1. Queen Elizabeth II 1952 Prime Minister Crown Crown, Lords, Commons Parliament Queen 13th Commons finance Upper Westminster Palace 1911, 1949 constituencies President of the Chamber Government, Opposition Privy Council No. 10 Downing Street executive, clerical parishes chairman borough, city Conservative, Liberal loyalists, Parliament Men Conservative, Whig grants 5 18 Returning Officer 651 Lords Criminal jury 15, 12 Court, Bar Home Secretary Scotland Yard
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考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
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The United Kingdom I. Multiple Choice 1. The was “the greatest progressive revolution that mankind had so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants—giants in power of thought, passion, and character, in universality and learning”(Engels). a. Renaissance b. Industrial Revolution c. Reformation d. Bourgeois Revolution 2. is regarded as the first English Prime Minster. a.D uke of Willington b.William Gladstone c.Benjamin Disraeli d.Sir Robert Walpole 3. The official head of Parliament is . a. the Prime Minister b. the Monarch c. the Speaker d. the Chancellor 4. The present sovereign of Britain is . a. Elizabeth I b. Elizabeth II
c. Elizabeth III d. Edward II 5. is a day to commemorate the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. a. Christmas b. Good Friday c. Easter Monday d. Boxing Day 6. published his book On the Origin of Species which caused a stir in Victorian times. a. Adam Smith b. Charles Darwin c. Thomas More d. Francis Bacon 7. The largest section of Great Britain is . a. Scotland b. Wales c. England d. Northern Ireland 8. The Lake District is well known for . a. its wild and beautiful scenery b. its varied lakes c. the Lake Poets
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Part One Early and Medieval English Literature Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks. 1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England. A. William the Conqueror B. Julius Caesar C. Alfred the Great D. Claudius 2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ . A. Langland B. Wycliffe C. Gower D. Chaucer 3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____. A. novel B. drama C. romance D. essay 4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances. A. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B.Beowulf C. Piers the Plowman D. The Canterbury Tales 6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke _____. A. French B. English C. Latin D. Swedish 9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. A. loyalty B. revolt C. obedience D. mockery 11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about 1340. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C. Francis Bacon D. John Dryden 12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____. A. Flanders B. France C. Italy D. Westminster Abbey 15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato”. A. The Legend of Good Women B. Troilus and Criseyde C. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D. Beowulf Key to the multiple choices：1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAAB Ⅱ. Questions 1.What are the features of Beowulf? https://www.360docs.net/doc/918890966.html,ment on the social significance and language in The Canterbury Tales. Part Two The English Renaissance Ⅰ. Match the writer and his works. 1.Thomas More 2.Holinshed 3.Hakluyt 4.Richard Tottel 5.Philip Sidney 6.Walter Raleigh 3
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第15章美国历史(Ⅰ)(1600—1900) 15.1 复习笔记 Ⅰ. Discovery of the New World Ⅱ. The Colonial Period Ⅲ. The War of Independence Ⅳ. A New Form of Government Ⅴ. The War of 1812 Ⅵ. T erritorial Expansion and Westward Movement Ⅶ. The Civil War Ⅰ. Discovery of the New World 1. The “first Americans” were the Indians. 2. In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, thought he had reached Asia and didn’t know he had discovered a New Continent. 3. Another navigator, Amerigo Vespucci, proved that the land was a new continent. Therefore, the land was named America after him. Ⅰ. 新世界的发现 1. 最早的“美国人”是印第安人。 2. 15世纪后期，意大利航海家克里斯托弗?哥伦布认为他到达了亚洲，并不知道他发现了一
个新大陆。 3. 另一位航海家亚美利哥?韦斯普奇证明了这是一个新大陆。因此，这片陆地以他的名字命名为美国。 Ⅱ. The Colonial Period 1. The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. 2. Many settlers came to the English colonies in search of religious freedom. 3. In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth and built the Plymouth colony. 4. The Puritans intended to establish what they considered the one true church. The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. Ⅱ. 殖民地时期 1. 1607年，美国的第一个英国殖民地詹姆斯敦，弗吉尼亚建立了。 2. 很多来到英国殖民地的定居者是为了寻找宗教自由。 3. 1620年，清教徒乘坐五月花船航行来到了新世界。他们到达普利茅斯，建立了普利茅斯殖民地。 4. 清教徒想建立一个真正的教会。殖民者在新大陆建立了新的生活方式。 Ⅲ. The War of Independence 1. The people in the colonies opposed the unfair treatment and all these policies. 2. On April 19, 1775, when the British soldiers arrived at Lexington they were met by
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英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一） British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694
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1. 1992年，美国的人口有 2.555亿人口，是仅次于中国和印度的世界第三大人口大国。 2. 移民占据了人口增长的主要来源。 3. 1988年，美国约有77%的人口居住在超过283个城市地区。 Ⅱ. Immigration 1. The first of these waves began in the mid 1810s and reached the highest point in 1845. 2. The second wave covered the period between 1860 and 1890. 3. The third wave, the largest of the three waves, took place between 1890 and 191 4. Ⅱ. 移民 1. 第一波移民潮始于1810年代中期，在1845年达到了高潮。 2. 第二波移民潮涵盖了1860年到1890年的时期。 3. 第三波移民潮是最大的移民潮，发生于1890年到1914年之间。 Ⅲ. Population Movement 1. Mobility is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people. 2. There are four great population movements in the history of the United States. Ⅲ. 人口流动 1. 流动性被认为是美国人民的特点之一。 2. 美国历史上有四次巨大的人口流动高潮。
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