外交学院(二外英语)考研样题

外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题——二外英语（代码218）

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《》（代码218）

Part I: Multiple Choices (20%)

Section A

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Directions:In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the ONE answer that best complet es the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

1. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ____ in the area

on the night of the fire.网络督察

[A] to be [B] to have been [C] having been [D] be

2. Thompson is the only one of the students who ____ to France.

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[A] has been [B] have been [C] had been [D] has being

3. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is hi

s insistence that it ____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

同济西苑

[A] is to be analyzed [B] has been analyzed

659 76674

[C] be analyzed [D] should have been analyzed

4. I didn’t know what to do but then an idea suddenly ____ to me.

同济西苑

[A] happened [B] entered 专

[C] occurred [D] emerged

5. ____ if you had lost your watch?6554 8814

[A] Hadn’t you been upset[B] Weren’t you upset021-

[C] Wouldn’t you be upset [D] Wouldn’t you have upset

6. John would rather that Jane ____ to the party yesterday evening.021-

[A] did not go [B] not go 同济

[C] wouldn’t gone[D] had not gone

7. The match was cancelled because most of the members ____ a match without a stan

dard court.同济

[A] objected to having [B] object to have

密云路

[C] were objected to have [D] were objected to having

8. ____ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.西门

[A] Jumped down the burglar [B] Down the burglar jumped kaoyangj

[C] The burglar jumps down [D] Down jumped the burglar

9. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ to expenses of

the trip.659 76674

[A] to [B] about [C] in [D] for

10. You should abide ____ your promise as a man of honor.共济

[A] to [B] for [C] by [D] with

Section B密云路

Directions:In this section, you are required to select the one word or phrase that wou ld best match the meaning of the underlined part in the original sentence. Then blacken t

he corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

11. Dr. Smith checked the patient’s signs carefully before making his statement.kaoyangj

[A] symbols [B] symptoms [C] sinecures [D] synods

12. Henry’s news report covering the conference was so exhaustive that nothing had been

omitted.1号

[A] understanding [B] comprehensible

[C] comprehensive [D] underlying

13. The driver stopped at the crossroad as the traffic lights flashed.

[A] pulled off [B] pulled round

[C] pulled away [D] pulled up

14. Motivation is a primary factor in learning.

[A] Memorization [B] Aptitude

[C] Intelligence [D] Incentive

15. It is bad policy for the developing countries to sacrifice environmental protection to p

romote economic growth.

[A] accelerate [B] further [C] discourage [D] weaken

16. The world market is constantly changing. We must anticipate the changes and make t

imely adjustments.

[A] regularly [B] steadily [C] scarcely [D] always

17. Many people have the illusion that wealth is the chief source of happiness.

[A] false idea [B] imagination

[C] vision [D] impression

18. Jack came to the party with a young woman, whom I assumed to be his girl friend.

[A] pretended [B] supposed [C] resumed [D] granted

19. They built the motel on the edge of an abandoned village.

[A] immense [B] deserted [C] well-run [D] remote

20. After receiving her check, Suzy endorsed it and took it to the bank.

[A] destroyed [B] signed [C] folded [D] deposited

Part II. Cloze (15%)

Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are fou r choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] below the paper. You should choose the ONE tha t best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Cheques have largely replaced money as a means of exchanges, for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very __21__ for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite __22__ in themselves. A sho p-keeper always runs a certain __23__ when he accepts a cheque and he is quite __24__

his rights if, on occasion, he refuses to do so.

People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called __25__. An old and every wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experi ence. He went to a famous jewellery shop which keeps a large __26__ of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he __27__ t o buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by cheque. The assist ant said that this was quite __28__, but the moment my friend signed his name, he was i

nvited into the manager’s office.

The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with __29__ the same name had presented them with a __30__ cheque not long ago. He told my friend that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay __31__ he wanted to get into serious trouble. __32__, the police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the __33__ and asked him to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The not __34__: “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.” __35__, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the

thief’s.

21. [A] complicated [B] trivial [C] bearable [D] convenient

22. [A] valueless [B] invaluable [C] valuable [D] indefinite

23. [A] danger [B] change [C] risk [D] opportunity

24. [A] within [B] beyond [C] without [D] out of

25. [A] in difficulty [B] in doubt [C] in earnest [D] in question

26. [A] amount [B] stock [C] number [D] store

27. [A] considered [B] thought [C] conceived [D] decided

28. [A] in order [B] in need [C] in use [D] in common

29. [A] largely [B] mostly [C] exactly [D] extremely

30. [A] worth [B] worthy [C] worthwhile [D] worthless

31. [A] whether [B] if [C] otherwise [D] unless

32. [A] Really [B] Sure enough [C] Certainly [D] However

33. [A] treatment [B] manner [C] inconvenience [D] behavior

34. [A] read [B] told [C] wrote [D] informed

35. [A] Unfortunately [B] Fortunately [C] Naturally [D] Basically

Part III. Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter o

n the Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationshi ps. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the sou rce of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorgan

izing.

Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed resp ectively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility.

A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and wa ter transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditiona l home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when indiv idual family members of the family as a whole move away from a community, the perso n or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institut ions for conventionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The pr esence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in t hose families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work s

chedules.

One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion o f sons and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the

parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social cl asses. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. En gaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to com e in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends t

o separate parents and their children.

The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, periodicals, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population ow ning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separ

ated from each other.

36. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement ____.

[A] social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families

[B] family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility

[C] potential disorganization is present in the American family

[D] the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status

37. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family ____.

[A] are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability

[B] have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it

[C] will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it

[D] can get more help from their family members if they are in trouble

38. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which ____.

[A] the husband, wife, and children work too hard

[B] the husband, wife, and children seldom get together

[C] both parents have to work full time

[D] the family members are subject to social pressure.

39. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganizatio

n because ____.

[A] they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinking

[B] they allow one to find a good job and improve one’s social status

[C] they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents

[D] they enable the children to travel around without their parents

40. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members ____.

[A] are not psychologically withdrawn from one another

[B] never quarrel with each other even when they disagree

[C] often help each other with true love and affection

[D] are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios, and TV sets

Passage Two

Do animals have rights? Do trees? Do humans have an obligation to behave ethically to rivers? To rocks? Viruses? The entire planet?

These are not merely questions for abstract philosophical debate but, as Roderick Fraz ier Nash points out in The Rights of Nature, issues of intense interest to theologians, law yers, legislators and even scientists. Radical environmentalists are already demanding that l egal and ethical protection be extended to all of nature, and a few of them have demonst rated a willingness to fight, break the law and even die in support of this belief.

As described by Nash, the circle covered by the ethical rules governing individual an d social behavior has expanded slowly and irregularly throughout history. Starting by grant ing rights to themselves, humans gradually enlarged the circle to include the family, the tr ibe, the nation and, in theory if not in practice, the entire community of human beings. When Thomas Jefferson wrote that all men were created equal and entitled to certain unal ienable (不可剥夺的) rights, it was understood he was talking only about white males. Sin ce the American Revolution, however, the right to ethical treatment has been extended, at least by law and social consensus, to include women and ethnic minorities.

The next page in this history –the extension of ethical and legal rights to animals, p lants, and the rest of the natural world –is now being written, Nash believes. For a gro wing number of people throughout the world but particularly in the United States, the beli

ef is taking root.

The idea that nature has rights and is entitled to ethical consideration is not a new o ne. Some Eastern religions define humans as only part of a great chain of being. But in t he Judeo-Christian tradition of the West, man was created to master nature, not to be part

of it.

However, as environmentalism has evolved as a social movement in recent years, Nas h says, the concept of liberating nature from persecution by humanity has gained follower s. U. S. law, he notes, provides legal protection to animals and plants through the Endang ered Species Act and the Marine Mammals Protection Act.

Nash points to the increasingly aggressive positions of so-called deep environmentalist s and other radicals who insist that nature has intrinsic and unalienable rights that have n

othing to do with its value to people. Some of these radicals have thrown themselves bef ore bulldozers to protect virgin forests and chained themselves to rocks on a river bank to

prevent the river from being damned.

For the most part, Nash takes no position on questions of ethical duties. Only in an epilogue (跋), does he indicate where his sympathies lie. Just as the antislavery radicals in the early part of the 19th century were scorned (嘲笑) for insisting that slaves were hum an beings with rights, today’s radical environmentalists are often laughed at for sugg esting that nature is “the latest minority deserving a place in the sun of American liberal traditi on,” he says. But with the groundwork now laid for “mass participation in environmentalis m,” Nash believes, there is a real possibility of serious confrontat ion with those who profi

t from exploitation of the environment.

“If this situation, with its intellectual and political similarities to America before the Civil War, promises once again to endanger domestic peace,” Nash warns, “it is not the f

ault o f history.”

41. Radical environmentalists hold that ____.

[A] all of nature should enjoy legal and ethical protection

[B] all animals should have legal rights as human beings

[C] viruses should be eliminated from this planet

[D] nature should be exploited in a humane way

42. By “all men were created equal,” Thomas Jefferson meant that ____.

[A] all human beings should enjoy equal rights

[B] all white males should have equal rights

[C] blacks and whites should enjoy equal rights

[D] men and women should have equal rights

43. According to the so-called deep environmentalists, _____.

[A] things in nature that have value to people should be protected

[B] virgin forests should be preserved

[C] man should let rivers take their natural course and dams should not be built

[D] everything in nature has its intrinsic (天生的) value and should be protected

44. According to the passage, Nash ____.

[A] is neutral on the question concerning the ethical rights of nature

[B] sympathizes with the radical environmentalists

[C] laughs at the idea that nature deserves a place in the American liberal tradition

[D] is scornful of the anti-slavery radicals for insisting that slaves were human beings.

45. The best title for this passage might be ____.

[A] Ethics and the Natural World

[B] Anti-slavery Radicals and Deep Environmentalists

[C] All men Were Created Equal

[D] Relationship Between Human Beings and Nature

Passage Three

Whereas George Gershwin worked in the glare of critical and commercial success, C harles Ives worked in obscurity. Though Ives created the bulk of his output before Gersh win appeared on the scene, his music was almost completely neglected until he was “redi scovered” in the 1940’s and 1950’s. He earned his livelihood, for most of his adult life, i n the insurance business and created some of the most striking examples of American mu sic in his spare time. Ives’s composing was restricted to weekends, ho lidays, vacations, an d long evenings, Ives himself was quite philosophic about this and never considered his b usiness career a handicap to artistic production. On the contrary, he regarded his music an

d th

e business in which he earned his livelihood as complementary activities.

His raw material for all of his work was the ordinary musical life of a small New England town. In evolving his highly individualistic musical language, Ives used popular d ance hall tunes fragments of hymns and patriotic anthems, brass band marches, country da nces, and songs which he integrated into works of enormous complexity.

But Ives’s music was hardly popular with the broad public at the time it was writte n. The composer found it all but impossible to get his music performed. For example, Ive s’s Second Symphony, which be worked on between 1897 and 1902, received its first per formance in 1951 when it was played by the Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York, under Leonard Bernstein. His Third Symphony, completed in 1911, was first perfor med in 1945, the Fourth Symphony, written between 1910 and 1916 received its premiere in 1965 under the direction of Leopold Stokowski. Not until he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his Third Symphony, in 1947, did Charles Ives received any degree of recognit

ion for his work.

46. Charles Ives’s success in music could be called unusual because he __.

[A] had a physical handicap

[B] was trained to be a philosopher

[C] did not devote his entire career to music

[D] did not have much financial backing

47. According to the passage, how did Ives feel about the business and musical sides of

his life?

[A] They lent support to each other.

[B] They each satisfied his need for recognition.

[C] They represented a conflict in his nature.

[D] They took too much of his time.

48. It can be inferred that all of the following were sources of inspiration for Ives in his

early career EXCEPT __.

[A] church music [B] folk tunes

[C] Gershwin’s compositions[D] patriotic songs

49. Ives’s Third Symphony was first performed in the __.

[A] late nineteenth century

[B] first decade of the twentieth century

[C] mid-nineteen forties

[D] mid-nineteen sixties

50. Who conducted the first performance of Ives’s Fourth Symphony?

[A] Pulitzer [B] Bernstein

[C] Gershwin [D] Stokowski

Part V Translation (35%)

Section A

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.

When we established our friendly and cooperative relations, we did so on the underst anding that we would develop our friendship on the basis of mutual respect and equality, and mutual benefit. These are the principles on which we seek friendship with all peoples of the world. It is absolutely vital that all nations, big or small, strong or weak, should conduct their relations with each other on these principles.

We, therefore, welcome the interest and understanding that China has shown regarding the problems of and positions taken by small and developing countries. China’s support i

s a constant source of encouragement to us in the pursuit of the goals of developing and

maintaining the independence of our country.

Section B

Directions: Put the following sentences into English

1.在香港问题解决之后，中英之间没有任何重大障碍能阻止两国发展跨世纪的、稳定的、全面合作关系。

2.经济全球化发展迅猛，国与国之间的相互依存关系日益加深，多极化和全球化的发展带动国际关系的调

整。

3.中美两国应该用战略眼光和长远观点来审视和处理中美关系。

4.我们努力加强民族团结，完成祖国统一大业，促进世界和平与发展的崇高事业。

5.中国政府和中国人民将始终站在人类正义事业的一边，同各国人民一道，为维护世界和平、促进共同发

展不懈奋斗。