四六级翻译冲刺练习(覆盖所有常考语法)

汉译英练习（一）

Ⅰ、比较结构

（一）比较对比的短语：

与…比较，与…相比compared with…, in comparison with

与…形成鲜明对照in contrast with（或to）

(1) _______________ （与我成长的地方相比）, this town is more prosperous and exciting. [2008.06/90]

(2) _______________ （和同龄的其他孩子相比）, Robert is very tall.

（二）平级比较a s…as；not as… as；not so much …as …（与其说…不如说…）；the same …as

(3) They will contact us _______________（尽快）.

(4) He is _______________（与其说他是位学者）as a writer.

（三）more than…；more and more；the more…the more…

(5) In my sixties, one change I notice is that _______________（我比以前更容易累了）.

(6) I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ___________________（它更加方便和省时）.

(7) Once we were off the main freeway _______________（这趟旅行更像是度假）.

(8) As the disease worsened （他感到走路越来越困难）.

(9) The more you explain, （我越糊涂）.

(10) The more preparation you do now, （考试前你就越不会紧张）. （四）否定词+比较级nothing more… than；no less than…不亚于…

(11) Since my childhood I have found that （没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）.

(12) （她的勤奋不亚于）than her sister.

（五）倍数增减的表示法

(13) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).

(14) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).

(15) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).

(16) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).

Ⅱ、倒装句

（一）Only引导的状语从句位于句首，句子要倒装

(1) Only then (那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).

(2) Only when you adjust down your price (我们才能做成这笔买卖)

（二）句首出现带有否定意义的词位，句子要倒装

(3) At no time （允许吸烟）in the meeting-room.

(4) （直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill. （三）固定结构Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than

(5) Scarcely had she fallen asleep (一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).

(6) No sooner had Anne arrived (就生病了).

Ⅲ、强调句

(1) (正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.

(2) (正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.

(3) (直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.

汉译英练习（一）参考答案

Ⅰ、比较结构

(1)Compared with the place where I grew up

(2) Compared with other children of the same age

(3) as soon as possible

(4) not so much a scholar

(5) I am more likely to get tired than before

(6) it is more convenient and time-saving

(7) the trip felt more like a vacation

(8) he found walking more and more difficult

(9) the more confused I am/get/become

(10) the less nervous you’ll be before the exam

(11) nothing is more attractive to me than reading/nothing attracts me more than reading

(12) She is no less diligent/hardworking than her

(13) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2

(14) reacts 3 times as fast as the other one

(15) is 49 times the size of the moon

(16) wants to raise the rent by a third

Ⅱ、倒装句

(1) did the doctor realize that the patient needed an operation

(2) can we close the deal/conclude the business

(3) is smoking permitted

(4) Not until he had finished his mission

(5) when a knock at the door awakened her

(6) than she fell ill

Ⅲ、强调句

(1) It was Jefferson who wrote

(2) It was because the water had risen that

(3) It was not until I told her that

汉译英练习（二）

Ⅳ、虚拟语气

（一）非真实句的虚拟

基本形式（主要考与过去和现在将来相反的虚拟语气）,特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟)

（1）The victim _______________________ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.

（2）If I hadn’t _______________________ (警告你，你就可能丧命了).

（3）If _______________________ (如果我是你), I shouldn’t be worried.

（4）If you ________________ (在那里住上一段时间，你就会改变对那地方的看法了). （5）If I _______________________ (昨天跟他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了). （6）If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____________ _______________ (你就不可能像现在这么笑了).

在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件

（7）Were you in my place, _______________________ (你也会这样干的).

（8）Had it not been for their opposition, _________________ (这项法案早就通过了).

（9）Should there be another war, ____________________ (人类的生存就会有危险).

otherwise(要不然，否则), but for(若不是，若非)经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语（10）But for his help, _________________ (我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).

（11）Ma ry couldn’t have received my letter, _____________（否则她上周就该回信了）.

wish/if only（但愿，真希望，要是…就太好了）

（12）If only I _______________________ (能通过大学英语四级考试)!

（13）Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ___________________(听你的). （14）Sometimes I wish I _____________________ (生活在一个不同的时间和空间). （15）Jack wishes that ______________________ (他在大学学的是商务而不是历史). （二）would rather, It’s (about/high) time(该是…的时候了), as if / as though后引导的从句虚拟

（16）I would rather _________________________ (你明天来).

（17）Hugh usually talks _________________________ (仿佛他是老板似的). （18）It’s (high) time that something ______________ (采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). （三）(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)

信号词：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词和名词

．．lest

．．．．．；带有感情色彩的形容词

．．．；连词（19）The professor required that _______________________ (我们交研究报告). （20）We insist that _______________________ (让杰克立刻进医院).

（21）We are going to discuss his suggestion that ________________ (取消期中考试). （22）It is ridiculous that __________________ (我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水). （23）It is absolutely unfair that these children ____________________ (被剥夺了受教育的权利).

（24）It is essential that ______________________ (每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). （25）It is a shame that _____________________ (他竟然欺骗了那个可怜的小女孩)! （26）He walked lightly _______________________ (以免惊醒婴儿).

（27）Take your raincoat _______________________ (以防下雨).

Ⅴ、情态动词

（1）Some psychologists claim that people ___________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤单). （2）The phone is ringing, but there is no answer. ________________(她一定不在家). （3）You screamed in your sleep last night. __________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了). （4）_______________________ (我没必要穿上我最好的套装) to go to the party; most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

汉译英练习（二）参考答案

Ⅳ、虚拟语气

（1）would have survived

（2）warned you, you could have been killed

（3）I were you

（4）lived there for a while, you would change your mind about that place

（5）had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now

（6）you couldn’t be smiling like this now

（7）you would do the same

（8）this act would have been passed much earlier

（9）the existence of the human race would be in jeopardy

（10）I could not have rent a house at such a low price

（11）otherwise she would have replied to me last week

（12）I could pass the CET-4

（13）had followed your advice

（14）were living in a different time and space

（15）he had studied business instead of history when he was in university

（16）you came tomorrow

（17）as if/though he were the boss

（18）were done to solve the problem of traffic jam

（19）we (should) hand in our research report

（20）Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now

（21）The mid-term exam (should) de cancelled

（22）we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining

（23）these children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education

（24）everyone (should) be prepared for emergency

（25）he should deceive that poor little girl

（26）lest he should awaken the baby

（27）in case it should rain

Ⅴ、情态动词

（1）might feel lonely when they are away from home

（2）She can’t be at home

（3）You must have dreamed of something terrible

（4）I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party

汉译英练习（三）

Ⅵ、不定式

（1）It was a great achievement __________________ (10个月建成一栋24层的楼). （2）It is necessary _______________________ (我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉). （3）It is generous _______________________ (你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).

（4）The teacher decided _____________________ (不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生). （5）M r. Green was wondering ____________________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子). （6）The gardener _______________________ (刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水). （7）W e _______________________ (请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).

（8）He feels it challenging ________________ (在这么大一所大学做学生会主席). （9）We hope to have more opportunities _______________________ (把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).

（10）The bad weather ____________________ (破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划). （11）The environmentalists are against _________________(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).

（12）Sally Ride was the first _____________________ (探索外部空间的美国妇女). （13）They lifted a rock _______________________ (结果砸了自己的脚).

（14）He was surprised _____________________ (在这个山村遇见一个中学同学). （15）I am sorry _______________________ (占用了您这么多时间).

（16）I happened _______________________ (在他冲进来的时候站在门口). （17）She doesn’t like _______________________ (被当作客人).

（18）If you want to save money, you’d better ______________ (到校园书店买旧书). （19）We did nothing _______________________ (除了整天打桥牌).

（20）We were made _______________________ (进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).

Ⅶ、分词

（1）This is the first time that I heard ___________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”). （2）The cars _______________________ (停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.

（3）The war went on for years, ____________________ (夺去了成千上万人的生命). （4）The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _____________(将平均产量提高了15%). （5）_______________ (看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.

（6）________________ (被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.

（7）_______________________ (从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.

（8）__________________ (好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.

Ⅷ、动名词

（1）_______________________ (每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.

（2）They tried to avoid _______________________ (让女儿做她不喜欢的事情). （3）Developing varieties is the key to _____________________ (使我们的产品进入国际市场).

（4）It is no use _______________________ (为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).

（5）He denied _______________________ (偷看了同桌的试卷).

（6）We congratulated her on _______________________ (被提升为经理).

汉译英练习三参考答案

Ⅵ、不定式

（1）to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

（2）for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test

（3）of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area （4）not to punish those students who had been late for class

（5）w hether to visit their son in France

（6）warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

（7）i nvited him to give us a lecture on modern art

（8）to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university （9）to apply what we have learned in class to practice

（10）r uined our plan to show the film in the open air

（11）the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs （12）American woman to explore the outer space

（13）only to drop it on their own feet

（14）to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village

（15）to have taken up so much of your time

（16）to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in

（17）to be treated as a guest

（18）go to the campus bookstore to buy used books

（19）but play bridge the whole day

（20）to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room

Ⅶ、分词

（1）“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian

（2）parked in the fire lane

（3）killing thousands upon thousands of people

（4）raising the average yield by 15 percent

（5）Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book

（6）Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds

（7）Seen from the eyes of a young friend

（8）Not having heard from his parents for a long time

Ⅷ、动名词

（2）Taking a cold bath every day

（3）making their daughter do what she didn’t like to do

（4）getting our goods into the international market

（5）crying over spilled milk

（6）having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper

（7）being promoted to manager

汉译英练习（四）

Ⅸ、名词从句

主语从句

（1）___________________________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret. （2）________________________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. （3）_____________________________(这么做是故意的) became obvious.

较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语

（4）It is not clear yet _____________________________(谁应该为这件事负责). （5）It is none of your business _____________________________(玛丽与谁订婚). 宾语从句

（6）Don’t put off till tomorrow ____________________________(今天能做的事). 表语从句

（7）This novel is just _____________________________(我一直在寻找的).

同位语从句

（8）Obviously, there was little certainty _________________ (主席会同意他的提议). whether/if引导的从句

（9）_____________________________ (她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me. （10）My main problem right now is _______________ (我是否应该请求另一笔贷款). （11）It all depends on _____________________________ (他们是否会支持我们).

Ⅹ、定语从句

先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导

（1）Everyday many tourists come to visit _________________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子). （2）The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _____________________________ (我们可以合作的领域).

先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导

（3）The old lady died ____________________________ (在她儿子到达的那天). 先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导

（4）This is ____________________________ (我赞成这一提议的理由).

whose引导的定语从句

（5）Mr. King, ___________________ (金先生腿受重伤), was taken to the hospital. 非限制性定语从句

（6）Some of the roads were flooded, ________________ (这使我们的旅程更为艰难). （7）He introduced me to his students, _____________________________ (他们大部分是英语专业的学生).

as 引导的定语从句

（8）____________________________ (众所周知), water is a liquid.

Ⅺ、状语从句

让步状语从句

（1）_____________________________ (不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion.

（2）I am going to pursue this course, ______________________________ (无论我要作出什么牺牲).

（3）_____________________________ (不管哪一方获胜), I shall be satisfied.

（4）Leaving one’s job, _____________________________ (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.

目的状语从句

（5）We climbed high ______________________ (这样我们就可以看到更好的风景). （6）______________________________ (为了挣钱供我上学), mother often takes on more work than is good for her.

结果状语从句

（7）The problem so very complicated _________________ (花了我们两个周才解决). 条件状语从句

（8）You can go out _________________________ (只要你答应晚上11点以前回来). 方式状语从句

（9）I remember the whole thing ________________________ (仿佛是昨天发生的).

汉译英练习四参考答案

Ⅸ、名词从句

（1）Why they left their hometown for Y unnan

（2）What confused me most

（3）That this was done on purpose

（4）who should be responsible for this matter

（5）whom Mary is engaged to

（6）what can be done today

（7）what I have been looking for

（8）that the chairman would agree to this proposal

（9）Whether she likes the present

（10）whether I should ask for another loan

（11）whether they will support us

Ⅹ、定语从句

（1）the house where Lu Xun was born

（2）the field (where) we can cooperate/the field in which we can cooperate

（3）on the day when his son arrived

（4）the reason why I am in favor of this proposal

（5）whose legs were badly hurt

（6）which made our journey more difficult

（7）most of whom were English majors

（8）As is known to all

Ⅺ、状语从句

（1）Whatever we talk about

（2）whatever sacrifice I have to make

（3）Whichever side wins

（4）no matter what kind of job it is/no matter what it is

（5）so that we might get a better view

（6）In order to/To earn/make/get money for/finance my education

（7）that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it

（8）as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night

（9）as if it happened yesterday