中式英语之省略(二)英译汉

中式英语之省略(二)英译汉
中式英语之省略(二)英译汉

中式英语之省略(二)

来自:猫小肉 2016-12-13 12:36:53 |阅读原文

上文已经表明汉英两种语言各自的特点。汉语讲究声韵对仗,情感和气氛的渲染,喜好华丽辞藻;而英语表达讲究简洁和逻辑性,讲究语言的准确严谨。因此。汉译英时,不免会存在大量重复的现象。也从名词和动词两个方面介绍了如何省略以避免中式英语,此次将从形容词和副词角度进行讲解。

一、形容词

汉语简洁明了,多个形容词组合在一起,有时也并不显得累赘,但若翻译成英语,就会显得多余拖沓。在这种情况下就应删繁就简,省略部分形容词。

(一)修饰词的意义包含在被修饰的词语中

解析:“幻想”本身就是“不切实际的”,“诽谤”意思为“无中生有,说人坏话,毁人名誉”本省就带有“毫无根据”的意思。例2、严重危机grave crisis crisis

积极努力active efforts efforts

可怕的灾难terrible disaster disaster

最终完成final completion completion

不幸的悲剧an unfortunate tragedy a tragedy

提前预测advance forecast forecast

具体事实actual facts facts

解析:由于汉语习惯使用双音节词语和四六骈体的传统,因为在修饰语上,会有诸多重复,单看汉语词组“严重危机”、“最终完成”、“具体事实”等,我们会觉得很正常,且自己也经常这样表达,但是英语里,这种表达往往就显得累赘,不那么地道。

(二)数词修饰语

汉语的名词没有性数变化,表达复数概念往往在前面加上数词修饰词,比如“许多”,“一系列”、“形形色色”、“各种各样”等,而英语中有数的变化,所有表达复数概念时,只要加上相应的词尾就好了。

例3、采取一系列措施,全面提高中国粮食综合生产能力。

继续开辟和疏通多种渠道,切实保障人民群众的民主权利。

解析:复数形式的measures和channels已经包含了“一系列”,“多种”的意思了,在汉英翻译时应按照英语语言的表达习惯,将此类词语省去。而英汉翻译时,也应按照汉语的表达喜欢,自行增添数量词。

二、副词

汉语喜爱使用修饰语,为了加强语气或力度,文章中往往会加入大量副词进行修饰。而在英语中,则更偏向直接明了的语言。比如“认真考虑”如果翻译为“carefully consider”就显得累赘,因为“考虑”本身就是认真思考。

例4、进一步深化改革,加快经济结构的调整,不断促进科技进步,切实增强国有大中型企业的活力。

to deepen reforms, accelerate readjustment of the economic structure, and promote scientific and technological progress so as to strengthen the vitality of large and medium-sized stateowned enterprise.

解析:按照英语的表达习惯“进一步”、“不断”、“切实”这三个副词并不需要译出,因为副词修饰词的含义已隐含于被修饰的词语,“深化”的意思中已经包含了“进一步”,同理“促进”和“切实”也一样。

例5、社论号召中国人民全面贯彻落实党的基本路线,深化改革,进一步扩大对外开放。

The editorial calls on the Chinese people to implement the CPC’ s basic line, deepen reform and further opening to the outside.

解析:既然是党的政策,肯定要“全面贯彻落实”。如果将其译为“fully implement”英文读者会认为我们还颁布了一些不需要落实或只需要部分落实的政策,这样就会带来误解。

中式英语的表达除了很多明显的死译外,有很多表达是在不经意间就显现的,而恰恰是这不经意间便显露了译者的翻译功底。这就需要译者在平时的翻译中多加小心,同时注重地道英语表达的积累。

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中国教育在线考研频道提供考研全方面信息指导及咨询服务,为您成功考研提供一切帮助。 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学(含税收学)Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学(含保险学)Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence

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