2016考研英语：再识三种情况下的虚拟语气
2016考研英语：再识三种情况下的虚拟
语气
考研英语中，语法部分难度最大，包含知识点既多又细碎，往往是复习中最大的拦路虎。其中，一些特殊语法的判断又给我们的阅读增加了难度，虚拟语气就是其中一个。所谓虚拟语气，其本质是一种非真实的条件从句，用来描述想象的、非真实的场景，或表达说话人的愿望、假想、建议等。不同情况下虚拟语气呈现不同特征，需要我们在现实中做到具体问题具体分析。今天要向大家重申三种情况下的虚拟语气，一起看看吧！
一、状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外，还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中，一般称为虚拟条件句。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式，即现在、过去和将来。
【例句】If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.（如果它能注意这个问题的话，它就会拓展其雇员多样化项目，而目前的项目只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，去雇佣那些在世界观、价值观、教育背景及社会阶层方面各不相同的记者。）
【解析】这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。If it did是条件状语从句。主句中主语是it；谓语动词有两个，分别是would open up...和look for...。这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主句用would+动词原形open up和look for。
二、主语从句中的虚拟语气
当it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it is + adj.这样的句型中，当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable，critical，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative，important，incredible，inevitable，necessary，recommend，strange，urgent等形容词时，主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，如果是现在时，谓语动词用should/would +动词原形（should/would经常省略）；如果是过去时，则用should/would + have done的形式。
【例句】It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably，the retreat from predominance proved painful.（随着其他国家日益富裕，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。惟其不可避免，从优势地位上退出愈发痛苦不堪。）
【解析】这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。句首的It是形式主语，真正主语是that 从句，该主语从句使用了虚拟语气should+完成时。
三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等主观意向的词（如：suggest、advise、assume、
decide、demand、desire、insist、propose、order、recommend、require、suggest……），引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。虚拟语气中的格式很固定：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响。
【例句】Theories concerning on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.（关于个体研究的理论认为，孩子们从事犯罪活动是因为以前他们做错事情时对他们的惩罚力度不够，或是因为他们通过与其他人的交往学会了犯罪。）
【解析】此句是个含有一个宾语从句、两个原因状语从句的复合句。suggest是主句谓语，Suggest后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词engage in前面省略了should.
考研成功难又不难，一旦大家开始准备就要全力以赴。自制力差的学生可以找几个研友，互相激励，因为坚持下来也确实不容易，也看个人习惯，有的同学可能一个人学习更有效率；在这个过程中更主要的还有大家坚持的信念，坚持完成一件事情本身就是成功。
在三百多天的日子里，老师会一直陪伴着大家，里边的每条微博、微信、咨询都是温暖大家并激励大家前行的动力。奔跑吧，2016的考生们！
虽然有突破口、也有规律可循，但这并不意味着我们可以一劳永逸、高枕无忧，要知道，想要精通世界上任何一门语言，除非有天生的语言天分，否则偷不得半分懒，只能勤勤恳恳反复练习。一遍不懂读两遍，默念不行就大声念出来，遇到不认识的单词就查，不懂的句子就静下心来拆分结构。总之，读书百遍、其义自现，英语学习之路上没有笨蛋，只有懒人。综上就是小编给大家提供的高分技巧，技巧就是牢固的知识点和强悍的答题思路，预祝所有考生2016考研有个好成绩。
小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班（如果经济条件允许的情况下）。2017考研开始准备复习啦，早起的鸟儿有虫吃，一分耕耘一分收获。加油！
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虚拟语气和倒装
Subjunctive mood (1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (Line 5) (2) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line12) If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom. (Line 23) (3) If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (Line 15) 此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。 （1）第1句中“should a fight follow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为“if a fight should follow”，句中省略了“if”，将“should”提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。 (2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，从句用“had +动词过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词”。 (3) 第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“did/were”，主句用“would/should/could/ might + 动词原型”。 虚拟语气专项复习： A．虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 ①if+主语+did/should/were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时， ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了
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主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
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英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。语气除了用语音或语调去表现外，最主要的是通过动词的变化而表示不同语气。英语中的语气分为三类：现在式{谓语动词用原型（第三人称-s)}；过去式(谓语动词用动词单位过去式)；将来时（谓语动词用will、shall+动词或be going to +v、were to）例如：I am a teacher. He finished his homework. They're going to visit the Great Wall next week. 虚拟语气：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟语气常在表示条件状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时。例如：if you are free, please help me with my homework.(陈述句）If I were free, I would help you with your homework.（虚拟句）通过比较你会发现第二句的动词形式非常特殊"I were""would help", 然而虚拟句正是通过这样的动词变化来达到这样的表达效果：委婉的说出我想帮助你，可我没时间。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。 一. if引导的虚拟条件句 1. 虚拟条件句的标准句 (1)表示与现在事实相反: If I were you, I should stay at home. 如果我是你的话，我该呆在家里。 If the peasants could farm the land themselves, food production would be much higher. 如果这些农民可以自己种田，粮食产量会更高些。 If fewer cash crops were grown, and more food could be produced, then there would be less or no starvation. 如果少种些经济作物，多生产些粮食，那么就会少些或者没有挨饿情况。 (2)表示与过去事实相反: If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 要是你昨天来的话，你就会遇到他。 If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there would have been many deaths. 如果飓风在白天发生的话，就不会造成许多人死亡。 (3)表示与将来事实相反: If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 如果你明天来，我们就会开会。 If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 要是明天（万一）有雨，会议就会推迟。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 如果天万一下雨的话，这些庄稼还有救。 通过观察我们不难发现if引导的虚拟条件句中主从句动词时态的变化规律如下： 与事实相反 If从句主句 现在were/did would* do 过去had done would* have done 将来should do或were to do would* do （1）上表中“*”，would都可转换为should、could、might。 （2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。 例句： He would still be alive today if he hadn't taken that drug. (下文) [与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反] 2. 错综时间虚拟条件句