技术经济基本术语(英汉对照)

汉英对照技术经济基本术语

备择方案Alternative Open

备选方案Option

备选方案价值Option Value

备选方案评估Option Appraisal

标准换算系数Standard Conversion Factor , SCF

补贴Subsidy

不变价格Constant Price

不可外贸货物Non-Tradable Goods

财务补贴Financial Subsidy

财务分析Financial Analysis

财务价格Financial Price

财务净现值Financial Net Present Value , FNPV

财务可持续性Financial Sustainability

财务内部收益率Financial Internal Rate of Return , FIRR 财务效益Financial Benefit

财务效益费用分析Financial Benefit –Cost Analysis

残值Residual Value

偿债备付率Debt Service Coverage Ratio , DSCR

陈诉偏好Stated Preference

成本回收Cost Recovery

成本有效性分析Cost Effectiveness Analysis

出口评价Export Parity Price

到岸价格Cost , Insurance & Freight , C.I.F

等价年度费用Equivalent Annual Cost

非外贸产出和收入Non-Traded Output and Input

非外贸货物Non-Traded Goods

费用效果比Cost Effectiveness Ratio

费用效果分析Cost Effectiveness Analysis , CEA

费用效益分析Cost Benefit Analysis , CBA

分配分析Distribution Analysis

福利费用Welfare Cost

福利效益Welfare Benefit

公共产品Public Goods

供给价Supply Price

官方汇率Official Exchange Rate , OER

规模经济Economies of Scale

国民收入平减指数GDP Deflator

耗减补偿Depletion Premium

核算单位Unit of Account

环境估价Environment Valuation

环境可持续性Environment Sustainability 环境卫生Environment Sanitation

换算系数Conversion Factor

汇率溢价Foreign Exchange Premium

或有估价法Contingent Valuation Method , CVM

货币的时间价值Time Value of Money

机会成本Opportunity Cost

基准收益率Hurdle Cut-Off Rate

计算单位Numeraire

加权平均资金成本Weighted Average Cost of Capital ,

WACC

价格扭曲Price Distortion

价格指数Price Index

交叉补贴Cross - Subsidization

交易费Transaction Costs

接受补偿意愿Willingness To Accept , WTA

进口平价Import Parity Price

经济补贴Economic Subsidy

经济费用Economic Cost

经济分析Economic Analysis

经济规模Economic Scale

经济价格Economic Price

经济净现值Economic Net Present Value , ENPV

经济内部收益率Economic Internal Rate of Return , EIRR

经济评估Economic Appraisal

经济生存能力Economic Viability

经济寿命Economic Life

经济效率Economic Efficiency

经济效益Economic Benefit

经济资源Economic Resource

净现值Net Present Value , NPV

矩阵方法Matrix Approach

口岸价Border Price

劳动力机会成本Opportunity Cost of Labor

离岸价格Free on Board , F.O.B

利息备付率Interest Coverage Ratio , ICR

临界点（也称转换值）Switch Value

敏感性分析Sensitivity Analysis

敏感性指标Sensitivity indicator

名义价格Nominal Prices

内部收益率Internal Rate of Return , IRR

年金价值Annuities Value

平均增量财务费用Average Incremental Financial Cost ,

AIFC

平均增量成本Average Incremental Cost , AIC

平均增量经济费用Average Incremental Economic Cost ,

AIEC

评估Appraisal

评价Evaluation

权益资金Equity

人力资本法Human Capital Method

融资主体Financing Entity

时价Current Price

时间偏好率Time Preference Rate

实际汇率Real Prices

实际价值Real Value

实物量V olume Terms

使用价值Use Value

世界价格World Price

私人融资Private Financing

替代Substitution

通货膨胀率Inflation Rate

土地的机会成本Opportunity Cost of Land

外部效果（也称外部性）Externalities

外贸货物Traded Goods

外贸投入和产出Trade Input and Output

无项目Without - Project

无形的Intangible

息税前利润Earnings Before Interest and Tax , EBIT

显示偏好Revealed Preference

现存价值Existence Value

现金流出（量）Cash Outflow , CO

现金流（量）Cash Flow , CF

现金流入（量）Cash Inflow , CI

现值Present Value , PV

相对价格作用Relative Price effect

项目备选方案Project Option

项目框架Project Rramework

项目周期Project Cycle

消费者剩余Consumer Surplus

效果费用比Effectiveness Cost Ratio

需求曲线Demand Price

需求曲线Demand Curve

要求回报率Required Rate of Return , RRR

意愿调差评估法Contingent Valuation

隐含价值法Hedonic Method

盈亏价值法Break –Even Point

影响陈述Impact Statement

影子工作率Shadow Wage Rate , SWR

影子工资系数Shadow Wage Rate Factor , SWRF

影子汇率Shadow Exchange Rate

影子汇率系数Shadow Exchange Rate Factor ,SERF

影子价格Shadow Price

有项目With - Project

预备费Contingency Allowance in an Estimate

预备费Contingency

增量产出Incremental Output

增量投入Incremental Input

增量效益Incremental Benefit

债务资金Debt

折旧Depreciation

折现Discounting

折现率Discounting Rate

支付能力Ability - To - Pay

支付意愿Willingness To PAY , WTP

终值Final Value , FV

转移支付Transfer Payment

准股本资金Quasi - Equity

资本化价值Capitalized Value

资本金Equity

资本金净利润率Return On Equity , ROE

资产负债率Liability On Asset Ratio , LOAR

资金成本Resource Cost

资金的财务机会成本Financial Opportunity Cost of Capital ,

FOCC

资金的经济机会成本Economic Opportunity Cost of Capital ,

EOCC

资源成本Resource Cost

总投资收益率Return On Investment , ROI

最低可接受收益率Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return ,

MARR

国民经济、对外经济贸易National economy, Foreign economic relations and trade

经济指标economic indicators

社会总产值total product of society

国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)

国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

人均国内生产总值GDP per capita

工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture

国民收入national income

购买力平价法purchasing power parity

财政收入state revenue

社会商品零售总额total volume of retail sales

社会零售物价总指数general retail price index

百分点percentage points

"八五"划划the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development

计划经济planned economy

统购统销state monopoly over purchase and marketing

市场经济market economy

指令性计划mandatory plan

指导性计划guidance plan

市场调节market regulation

建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government

抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology

实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population

第一、二、三产业primary, secondary and tertiary industries

外向型经济export-oriented economy

创汇型企业foreign exchange-earning enterprise

劳动密集型labor intensive

技术、智力、资本密集型technology, knowledge or capital intensive

高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value

优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources

生产力productive forces

生产资料capital goods

科研成果产业化industrialization of research findings

火炬计划Torch Plan

技术入股technology appraised as capital stock

风险投资venture investment/capital

固定资产投资investment in fixed assets

折旧费depreciation cost

关系民生的产品products vital to the people’s livelihood

供大于求oversupply

供不应求short supply

经济过热overheated economy

抑制炒房地产热stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market

宏观调控macro-economic control

经济杠杆economic levers

产业政策industrial policy

财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate 提高经济效益enhance economic performance/returns

社会效益social effect/returns

实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development

财政赤字(盈余) budget deficit(surplus)

外贸出口总额gross foreign export value

外商直接投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment

实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use

三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture

允许外商独资经营allow full foreign equity operation

优惠条件confessional terms; favorable terms

减免税收tax reduction and exemption

合作方式approaches to cooperation

出资方式means of contributing investment

合营期限contract term of a joint venture

三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)

贸易伙伴trade partner

转口贸易transit trade

外贸顺差foreign trade surplus

积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside

交钥匙工程turn-key project

招标承包制bidding invitation contract system

招标出售技术bids for technology

公开招标call for bid; tenders

招标单invitation for bid (IFB)

标书bidding document

竟标competitive bidding

投标bid for a project

投标报价书bid proposals

评标bid proposal evaluation

开标bid opening

中标win a bid; be awarded a tender

拍卖auction

租赁leasing

保税区bonded area; free trade area

实行全方位开放practice multi-directional opening

统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition

自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system

知识产权intellectual property rights

技术转让technology transfer

可行性研究feasibility study

意向书letter of intent

投资环境investment environment

跨国公司transnational coorporation

基础设施infrastructure

20年基本实现现代化basically achieve modernization in 20 years

发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.

招商attract investment

招商项目project proposals for investment

同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage

加大改革力度intensify reforms

一条龙服务one package service

一支笔审批one-chop approval

我们两市的经济互补性很强。To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.

平等互利，互通有无equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods

外引内联act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections

保持发展后劲bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development

三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平）"three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.

瓶颈bottleneck

以工养农use industrial income to finance agriculture

以路养路use tolls to repay investment in road projects

下放审批权delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels

统而不死，活而不乱ensure a flexible control

良性循环positive cycle

国民经济的支柱mainstay of the national economy

格局初步形成Pattern has taken initial shape.

理顺企业的产权关系rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 政策性亏损policy-related loss

三角债chain debts

上不封顶，下不保底set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee

企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise

生意兴隆/冷淡Business is booming/sluggish

质量信得过单位quality trustworthy organization

批量生产mass production

以销定产limit production to market ability

内联企业inland associated enterprises

菜篮子工程shipping basket project

国产化percentage of home-made parts

配套改革coordinated reforms

配套措施supporting measures

配套工程auxiliary project

国内配套资金domestic funds

向基础工业倾斜的政策policy in favor of basic industry

升级换代upgrading and updating

看好经济增长think highly of economic growth

行情看好Favorable price/market can be expected.

行情看涨/跌anticipate lower market price/rising price

随行就市fluctuate in line with market conditions

片面追求发展速度seek an unduly high growth rate

在过渡时期in a period of transition

粗放/集约经营extensive/intensive operation

基础地位leading position

门类齐全covering extensive fields

存款余额/贷款余额the balance of deposits/the balance of loans

外汇储备foreign exchange reserves

贸易顺差trade surplus

accounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本

accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择

allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置

allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法

arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理

Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息

average 平均average cost 平均成本

average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本

average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本

average variable cost 平均可变成本barriers to entry 进入壁垒

base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断

benefit 收益black market 黑市

bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点

break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算

budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线

budget set 预算集capital 资本

capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率

capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论

cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设

ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线

Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化

change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择

closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理

Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数

cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资

collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济

commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合

commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间

common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场

complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息

completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件

concave 凹concave function 凹函数

concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性

constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变

constraints 约束consumer 消费者

consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择

consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化

consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余

consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费

consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合

consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间

continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数

contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸

convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好

convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司

cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分

cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化

Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型

Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性dead—weights loss 重负损失

decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减

deduction 演绎法demand 需求

demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性

demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格

demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧

derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求

difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程

differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头

diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法

direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣

diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡

distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工

distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论

duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶

durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析

dynamic models 动态模型Economic agents 经济行为者

economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率

economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人

economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润

economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换

economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率

economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线

economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图

exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益

efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性

elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋

Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家

entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒

entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线

equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件

equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量

eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线

exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则

existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径

expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用

expected value 期望值expenditure 支出

explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益

external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济

external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性

Factor 要素factor demand 要素需求

factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素

factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给

fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品

firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线

firm supply curve 企业供给曲线

first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视

first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本

fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数

flow 流量fluctuation 波动

for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入

free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动

free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数

future value 未来值game theory 对策论、博弈论

general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品

Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜

Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则

goods 货物government failure 政府失败

government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线

grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿

heterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数

homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭

how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本

hypothesis 假说identity 恒等式

imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本

income 收入income compensated demand curve

income constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线

income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应

income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率

index number 指数indifference 无差异

indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族

indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集

indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析

individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法

industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡

industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的

inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点

information 信息information cost 信息成本

initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋

innovation 创新input 投入

input—output 投入—产出institution 制度

institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险

intercept 截距interest 利息

interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品

internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明

inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资

invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，

isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线

isoquant map 等产量族kinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线

labour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求

labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论

labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任

Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，

land 土地law 法则

law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率递减法则

law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率

law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则

leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型

least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合

leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数

licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数

linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本

long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线

long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本

Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化

1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品

macroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的

marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本

marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本

marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率

marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量

marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量

marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率

marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报

marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品

marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益

marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用

marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场

market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求

market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡

market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制

market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割

market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额

markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学

minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置

mixed economy 混合经济model 模型

money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争

monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价

monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金

monopsony 买方垄断Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡

Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源

Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品

net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好

nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性

nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性

nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性

non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品

normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学

objective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断

oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型

opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择

optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化

ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序

ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品

output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性

output maximization 产出极大化parameter 参数

Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率

Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化

Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数

partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利

pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品

perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视

perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性

perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性

plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性

positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误

prediction 预测preference 偏好

preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值

price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型

price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线

price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别

price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性

price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价

price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性

price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者

price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益

principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本

private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产

producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论

product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线

product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团

production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线

production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数

production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率

productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率

profit 利润profit function 利润函数

profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权

property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理

proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品

pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争

pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断

quantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金rate of product transformation 产品转换率

rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数

regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格

rent 租金rent control 规模报酬

rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学

resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置

returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬

revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益

revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数

revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线

risk 风险satiation 饱和，满足

saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性

law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件

service 劳务set 集

shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期

short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点

single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率

social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本

social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数

socialism 社会主义solution 解

space 空间stability 稳定性

stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量

stock market 股票市场strategy 策略

subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品

substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数

sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给

supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数

supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型

symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称

tangency 相切taste 兴致

technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术

third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视

total cost 总成本total effect 总效应

total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本

total product 总产量total revenue 总收益

total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本

traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性

transaction cost 交易费用uncertainty 不确定性

uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性

unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用

utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数

utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Value 价值

value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值

variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入

variables 变量vector 向量

visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学

wage 工资wage rate 工资率

Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准

Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化zero cost 零成本

zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性

zero economic profit 零利润