Chapter VIII Meaning Extension in Translation

Chapter VIII Meaning Extension in Translation●p. 63-64●I. Three kinds of extension●Logical extension●--- A personnel deficit has existed for y ears.●---As Michael Jackson made the unfortunate●transition from pop music icon to tabloid●staple, one of the most common lines of●attack was on his ever-changing appearance.--- Small, inexpensive packages are best dispatched by parcel post. Air parcel post is best, since it speeds delivery by two or three weeks.--- As the team members hold different viewpoint of their proposals, a temporary alliance may be formed within a negotiating team.--- The team leader should never permit such alliances to appear openly at the negotiating table unless as part of a tactical ploy.p. 64①②p. 65 ①②③2. Pragmatical extensionp. 66--- At twenty-two, he had first learned what it is to be a negro.---We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.--- For many families, especially in Tokyo, two incomes are a necessity.--- The new father wore a proud smile.---Last night an uninvited guest turned up to make five for bridge. I had the kind of book at hand to make being the fifth at bridge a joy.3. Rhetorical extension--- I was practically on my knees but he still refused.--- After the failure of his last novel, his reputation stands on slippery grounds.--- A real good friend should be one offering timing help.p. 66②③II. Adjust the scope of the concept--- It is not easy to become a member of the club--- they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Kick & Harry.---Three cousins of the French president also involved in the incident.--- And now for the good news: Stockholm residents enjoy sunbathing in November. Antarctic tourism is booming. Siberia has become the world’s breadbasket.●Exercise1.You remind me very much of Lenin, whom I met in this very building fifty two years ago.2.In fact, one mould can produce many thousands of articles before it wears out.3. Words once reserved for restroom walls are now common stuff in films, plays, books & even on television.4. She had a heart so large that everybody’s grief & joys found welcome in it.5. Every time I come back from a business trip, it makes a new man of me.6. He has known praise & hatred, & has gone from cheers to jeers.7. Saudi Arabia has had problems with Iraq & Yemen but he tried hard to remain in touchwith leaders of both states.8. In older canes that have already paired off, dancing reinforce the union--- it’s a sort of annual renewal of “vows”.Try to translate the following poemMan for the field & woman for the hearth,Man for the sword & for the needle she.Man with the head & woman with the heart,Man to command & woman to obey.--- T ennyson●III. Conversion between concrete concepts & abstract ones..●Concrete abstract●p. 65 ④●--- How they bow to that Cleole because of her hundred thousand pounds!●--- There will be a growing need for people who can understand & fix system--- fromcomputer systems to product distribution system to plumbing system.--- There is a mixture of the tiger & the ape in the character of the imperialists.. Exercise:Lick sb’s boots Keep sth. Under one’s hat Put one’s cards on the table Jump out of one’s skin Walk on air Get the green light Mend one’s fences Poke one’s nose into2. Abstract concrete2.1 abstract nouns---There is more to their life than political & social & economic problems; more than transient everydayness.--- He wouldn’t tell them, but kept them in suspense all day..Preparation tension correctness dependence abstraction persuasion irregularities madness hostility arrogance jealousy indifference complexity mindlessness lightheartedness togetherness backwardness loftiness dejection oneness Exporting readability foolhardiness interruption bypassing measurement oxidation processing precaution remedy infiltration transitionOver the period from 1978 to 1996, many of the distortions & rigidities of the former central planning system were eliminated & market forces came to play an increasingly important role in economic decision making.p.67.--- Differences in language understanding between negotiating opposites raise some peril in every international business transaction because each negotiating party prefers quite naturally to use the languagewhose nuances he knows best.--- No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work.--- We were all moved by his loftiness.--- Her jealousy is the cause of her failure.--- The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder.---There had been too much publicity about my case.---A firm’s involvement in exporting products can range from a minimal commitment all the way to considering exports as necessary for the firms survival & growth.p.67⑦⑧⑨●Exercise:●We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water.●His arrogance sent him into isolation& helplessness.●There had been too much violence in that region.●Her lightheartedness did not last long.●After all preparation were made, the plane took off.●All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding.●But his watershed moments came after he came out of his awkward teenage years.●His grasp of performance & presentation remains without parallel.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and or ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.。