宿城一中高三第一阶段模拟试卷
2021年宿城一中高三生物一模试卷及参考答案
2021年宿城一中高三生物一模试卷及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. DNA聚合酶不能从头合成DNA，只能从3'端延伸DNA链，因此在复制过程中需要RNA引物，下图表示DNA复制过程。
相关分析错误的是（）A.DNA复制时存在A、U碱基配对现象B.DNA复制是多种酶参与的物质合成过程C.两条子链延伸的方向都是由5'到3'D.DNA聚合酶与DNA连接酶的底物相同2. 下列人体细胞中,存活时间明显短于其他三种的是A. 心肌细胞B. 小肠绒毛上皮细胞C. 血液中成熟的红细胞D. 神经细胞3. 下列关于神经系统的叙述，正确的是（）A. 人的中枢神经系统由脑和脑神经组成B. 位于下丘脑的呼吸中枢是维持生命的必要中枢C. 短期记忆的形成可能与新突触的建立有关D. 神经调节和激素调节过程中，都存在分级调节4. 下列有关神经细胞结构与功能的叙述，正确的是（）A. 突触后神经细胞不具有合成神经递质的能力B. 神经冲动的传导与细胞膜的选择透过性有关C. 发生反射时，神经冲动通过反射弧以局部电流的形式双向传导D. 神经细胞轴突末梢有大量突起，有利于附着更多神经递质受体蛋白5. 下图是某些细胞器的亚显微结构模式图，相关叙述错误的是（）A.①是中心体，与洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂有关B.①是线粒体，是真核细胞有氧呼吸的主要场所C.①是叶绿体，是植物叶肉细胞进行光合作用的场所D.①是粗面内质网，是细胞内蛋白质等大分子物质合成、加工场所和运输通道6. 需要载体协助通过膜的一组物质是（）A.O2B.H2OC. 葡萄糖D. 胆固醇7. 下列有关实验的叙述，错误的是（）A. 换成高倍镜观察叶绿体，图像不清晰要调细准焦螺旋B. 蛋白质变性后，加入双缩脲试剂仍呈现紫色反应C. 质壁分离及复原实验中先后用低倍和高倍显微镜观察三次，形成自身前后对照D. 洋葱表皮细胞浸润在一定浓度的甘油溶液中可发生质壁分离和质壁分离复原8. 下列做法中正确的是（）A. 草地上跳蝻的密度一般采用标志重捕法调查B. 用引诱剂诱杀雄性害虫，破坏的是种群的年龄组成C. 样方法调查适用于植物或活动能力弱，活动范围小的动物D. 调查动物种群密度的方法都是标志重捕法9. 小麦籽粒的颜色由三对独立遗传的基因所控制，只要有一个显性基因存在，就表现红色，只有全隐性为白色。
2023届安徽省宿州市高三第一次模拟考试理综生物试卷(含解析)
2023届安徽省宿州市高三第一次模拟考试理综生物试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________一、单选题1．胶原蛋白是细胞外基质的主要成分之一，其非必需氨基酸含量比蛋清蛋白高。
下列叙述正确的是（）A．胶原蛋白的氮元素主要存在于氨基中 B．皮肤表面涂抹的胶原蛋白可被直接吸收C．胶原蛋白比蛋清蛋白的营养价值高D．胶原蛋白彻底水解的产物是氨基酸2．在细胞分裂间期，不会发生（）A．DNA数目加倍 B．蛋白质大量增加 C．染色体数目加倍 D．细胞形态由小长大3．纯合黄色小鼠（AA）与黑色小鼠（aa）杂交，产生的F1（Aa）出现了不同体色，原因是A基因上的胞嘧啶不同程度的甲基化，该变化不影响DNA复制，但会影响基因表达和表型。
有关分析错误的是（）A．F1体色的差异与A基因的甲基化程度有关B．甲基化可能影响RNA聚合酶与该基因的结合C．DNA碱基的甲基化不影响碱基互补配对过程D．甲基化是引起基因碱基序列改变的常见方式4．为使植物在特定时间开花，园艺工作者需对植株进行处理，常用措施不包括（）A．改变温度B．改变光照时间C．紫外线照射D．施用植物生长调节剂5．下列有关种群、群落、生态系统的叙述，错误．．的是（）A．利用样方法统计种群密度时，应去掉采集数据中最大、最小值后取平均值B．两种生物种群之间存在着的互利共生关系是在群落水平上进行研究获得的C．与灌木阶段相比，草本阶段更易遭受外来物种的入侵而使优势种发生变化D．分解者能够通过分解次级消费者的粪便，获得初级消费者所同化的能量6．某生物兴趣小组完成了“土壤中分解尿素的细菌的分离和计数”的实验，操作流程如图所示。
下列相关叙述正确的是（）A．应采集地面表层土作为土壤样品B．必须在酒精灯火焰旁采集土壤C．振荡可使土壤中的微生物充分稀释到水中D．若根据图示菌落进行计数，则10克土样中的菌株数约为1.6×106个二、实验题7．某实验小组为探究温度对凝乳酶（含有肽键）催化乳汁凝固的影响，获得的实验结果如下表所示。
2020年宿城一中高三英语一模试题及答案
2020年宿城一中高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The opening ceremony for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games was held at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo on July 23, 2021 after a year of waiting due to the pandemic. Let's take a look at the highlights which make this opening ceremony unique.No spectatorsThere are no spectators during the opening ceremony in an effort to prevent the spread of the coronavirus infections. About 950 people, including officials and journalists, will watch in the main stadium, organizers said. Fewer athletes are expected to attend the ceremony because many are not allowed to stay for the entire Games due to COVID-19 restrictions.Male and female flag-bearersThe International Olympic Committee has actively encouraged all delegations toselect two flag-bearers at the opening ceremony, including one woman, as women's participation in the Tokyo Games reaches 48.8 percent, making it the most gender-balanced Olympics in the history of the event.Oath (宣誓) session updatedOne of the most symbolic parts of the opening ceremony—the Olympic oath—has been significantly adapted in order to “highlight the importance of solidarity, inclusion, non-discrimination and equality”. The number of oath-takers is also extended from three to six—two athletes, two coaches and two judges.Simplified ceremonyIn the 30-second video showing the rehearsal of the opening ceremony released to the public, the performances are integrated with dances, scenery and other display elements used in Japanese traditional festival activities.In order to prevent and control the COVID-19 pandemic and manage the cost, the Tokyo 2020 Organizing Committee said that the performances of the ceremony will be greatly simplified, with more light and shadow technology used instead of real decorations at the scene.1.Why isn't there any spectator during the opening ceremony?A.To limit the number of people present.B.To highlight the spirit of the Olympic Games.C.To control the spread of an infectious disease.D.To make room for the athletes all over the world.2.Why is each delegation encouraged to select one woman as a flag-bearer in Tokyo Olympics?A.Women will be in a leading position in sports.B.Women athletes make up a larger percentage than ever.C.Women will play a more important part in society.D.More and more women will take part in the Olympic Games.3.Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A.Oath-takers are made up of six athletes.B.Tokyo uses more real decorations to cut the cost.C.About 950 people watch the entire games in the Tokyo Games.D.The opening ceremony presents the traditional culture of Japan.BAmerican football was the fastest-growing sport for US young players last year, according to a survey sponsored by the sport's governing body.But it was the game's no tackle variety that showed the biggest increase－a finding that may reflect concerns about injury. In American football, a tackle (抢断球) refers to an attempt to stop an opponent by forcing them to the ground.The number of participants in football grew in 2015 while most other sport, except baseball, posted a decline, USA Football said on Monday, citing(引用) the findings of a survey of 30,000 children and teenagers.Participation in flag football (a no-tackle type of football) increased by 8.7 percent among children aged 6 to 14, while tackle football rose by 1.9 percent. For that age group, the only other sport that grew was baseball, with a 3. 3 percent increase.In the 15-to-18 age group, flag football rose by 10. 5 percent, while tackle grew by 2.5 percent.Basketball was the third, with a 1. 1 percent increase. Participation in all other sports declined.Tom Farrey, executive director of the Aspen Institute's Sports & Society Program, said he was surprised that flag football participation rose so much.“The trend suggests that parents aremarching to the beat of a different drummer, in pursuing flagas analternative for their kids," he said.The findings come at a time of increasing concern about the risk associated with youth sports, particularly hockey (曲棍球) and football, where medical researchers have warned about the risk of concussions (damagesto the brain caused by violent blows to the head) and death linked to brain injury.USA Football, anIndianapolis,Indianabased nonprofit funded in part by the National Football League, believed that the increases resulted from better safety and health education."Football participation increases, even modest increases, may signal that programs such as our Heads Up Football program and practice guidelines are making a positive difference," said Scot Hallenbeck, USA Football chief executive, in a statement.Robert Cantu, aBostonUniversityneurosurgery professor and investigator at the school's chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) Center said the increase in fag football participation signaled that more parents were directing children to a safe alternative4. What can we learn about the two age groups?A. Flag football grew the fastest in the 6-to-18 group.B. Tackle football grew he fastest in the 6-to-14 group.C. Participation in baseball declined the most in both groupsD. Participation in tackle football increased the most in both groups.5. The underlined part probably means ________.A working at a different paceB. behaving in a different wayC. ignoring the major differencesD. trying to accept different opinions6. The popularity of flag football is inked with the fact thatA. its rules have been adapted for young playersB. it receives more funds than other varietiesC. tackle football is an old-fashioned gameD. experts worry about children's safety7. What is the cause of football growth according to USA Football?A. Their safety programs are successful.B. More children show interest in the game.C. Football is less likely to cause concussions.D. There are different types of football to choose from.CBack about 20 months ago I started college and just struggled with everything, such as classes and friends. I quickly became depressed and angry at myself for not being about to do better in school, in addition to lack of friends due to poor social and communication skills.This went on for months until my 19th birthday. My parents sent me a cake, which was a great cake. But I remember having this large cake and ly no one to share it with. I ended throwing out the cake after having one piece, with about 90 % of it leftover. That night I was depressed that I decided to go outside to the freezing temperature of the winter and run. I put my earphones in, went outside and ran about 2 miles at 11 p.m. on my birthday.When I got back inside I was content. I was proud of what I was able to do. The next night I did the same. I wasn’t quick or fit but you know that I went outside and did something. This continued for about 2 months until I finally worked up the courage to go to the gym, where I started swimming again as I used to in high school. A month went by and I started lifting weights and continually running.Looking back I can see that exercise helped cure my depression but it didn’t only do that. At the gym I met new friends and back at my dorm I grew confidence to go to the end of the hall seeing people playing Super Smash Brothers and ask if I could join.So go forward to present now. I exercise every day and look forward to that hour and a half I get daily to do what I love with people who love it as well. I hope this helps someone who may be or have been in a similar situation.8. What made the author decide to run at night?A. His l9th birthday.B. His parents’ cake.C. His loneliness.D. His friends.9. Which of the following best describes the author?A. Traditional.B. Determined.C. Humorous.D. Generous.10. What is the biggest benefit of the author’s running?A. Regaining his confidence.B. Losing his weight.C. Playing with his brothers.D. Joining other activities.11. Why do you think the author wrote this passage?A. To recall his life in college.B. To show his gratitude to his parents.C. To emphasize the importance of friendship.D. To share his experience of dealing with hardship.DSpain's tourism industry is looking to Chinese tourists for its high-endmarket, according to Rafael Cascales, president of the Spain-China Tourism Association (ATEC). “It is the kind of tourism that is not only interested in the sun, beach and the “all-included” culture. They enjoy culture, wine, history and nature, and the new Chinese tourists would also want to spend more money in Spain," said Cascales in a recent interview with Xinhua.“They are younger, more women travel and they are more cosmopolitan (见多识广的).They also travel on their own or in couples or in smaller groups. The old-fashioned large groups of visitors have not disappeared, but this new form of traveling is becoming more important,55he said.Speaking of the consumption pattern of the new kind of Chinese tourists, Cascales said, “The money they spend is distributed better because they will book one flight with one airline, the hotel with another company and the restaurant with another.” In his eyes, “Chinese tourists are very important because they combine two things: there are a large number of them and they spend more money than anyone else — almost four times more than tourists from other countries." They not only travel abroad in the summer months when Spain has to compete with the sun and beaches in countries such as Turkey and Egypt, but also travel in the off-peak seasons of a year, according to Cascales.In 2017, Spain is the second most popular tourist destination in the world, only after France. It attracted about 82 million visitors, 700,000 of them from China, a number which is estimated to rise to about 2.2 million by 2022.“We are ready; we have the infrastructure (基础设施) at every level, especially in hotel capacity. Here those visitors can find what they are looking for, including the luxury items which distinguish them,” Cascales noted.12. What are the features of the new Chinese tourists according to Cascales?A. They are cautious about spending money in Spain.B. They are likely to travel in smaller groups now.C. They are only interested in the sun and beach.D. They are mainly male visitors of middle age.13. What can we learn about the consumption pattern of new Chinese tourists?A. They will reserve flights and hotels with different companies.B. They will spend less money than tourists from other countries.C. They will travel abroad only during the off-peak seasons.D. They will spend the money in different cities.14. What is done to meet the demands of Chinese tourists?A. Local cultures in Spain are promoted.B. Well-furnished hotels are provided.C. Best and expensive items are offered for free.D. More shopping sites are constructed.15. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce the tourism industry of Spain.B. To show Spain's desire to attract Chinese tourists.C. To describe the features of Chinese tourists.D. To advertise Spain as a top tourist destination.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2024届安徽省宿州市宿城第一中学高三适应性调研考试生物试题含解析
2024届安徽省宿州市宿城第一中学高三适应性调研考试生物试题注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2．答题时请按要求用笔。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题：（共6小题，每小题6分，共36分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求）1．如图，甲表示某环境的条件变化情况，乙、丙表示该环境中两种动物的种群数量变化曲线，下列有关叙述正确的是（）A．乙、丙两种动物的种间关系最可能是竞争B．环境条件的改变对种群的K 值影响不大C．t3之后，乙种群数量将呈“J”型増长D．t 1～t 2之间，乙、丙种群数量相对稳定，有赖于正反馈调节机制2．科学研究发现有些人可能具有抵抗HIV侵染的能力，原因是其细胞中含有HLAB57基因，能使身体内产生更多功能强大的某种免疫细胞，该种免疫细胞能产生大量可束缚HIV的蛋白质。
下列有关人体免疫调节的说法比较合理的是（）A．被HIV感染的人就是HIV患者B．机体只能依赖浆细胞产生的抗体消灭HIVC．艾滋病病人的直接死因是B细胞被攻击受损D．含有HLAB57基因的某些细胞可能具有识别HIV的能力3．利用不同的处理使神经纤维上膜电位产生不同的变化，处理方式及作用机理如下：①利用药物Ⅰ阻断Na+通道；②利用药物Ⅱ阻断K+通道；③利用药物Ⅲ打开Cl-通道，导致Cl-内流；④将神经纤维置于稍低浓度的Na+溶液中。
上述处理方式与下列可能出现的结果对应正确的是A．甲——①，乙——②，丙——③，丁——④B．甲——④，乙——①，丙——②，丁——③C．甲——③，乙——①，丙——④，丁——②D．甲——④，乙——②，丙——-③，丁——①4．由于细胞中一条14号和一条21号染色体连接形成一条异常染色体，不含重要基因的短片段在细胞分裂中丢失（如图甲），导致某女子的14号和21号染色体在减数分裂时会发生异常联会（如图乙）。
安徽省宿州一中-高三模拟考试数学理科试题
安徽省宿州一中—高三模拟考试数学试题（理工类）本试卷分第I 卷（选择题）和第II 卷（非选择题）两部分. 共150分，测试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共60分）注意事项： 1．答第1卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目写在答题卡上. 2．每小题选出答案后，用HB 或者2B 铅笔把答题卡上的对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.不能答在试题卷上.一、选择题：本大题共12个小题. 每小题5分，共60分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1．若iim -+1是纯虚数，则实数m 的值为 （ ）A ．－1B ．0C ．1D ．22．若以连续掷两次骰子分别得到的点数m ，n 作为点P 的横、纵坐标，则点P 在直线x +y=5下方的概率为 （ ）A ．61B ．41 C ．121 D ．91 3．若⎰⎰⎰===220232,sin ,,则xdx c dx x b dx x a a 、b 、c 大小关系是 （ ） A ．a <c <b B ．a <b <cC ．c <b <aD ．c <a <b4．如图所示给出的是计算201614121++++ 的值的一个程序框图，其中判断框内填入的条件是 （ ）A ．10>iB ．10<iC ．20>iD ．20<i5．如右图，一个空间几何体的主视图和侧视图（左视图）都是边长为1的正三角形，俯视图是一个圆，那么该几何体的侧面积 （ ）A ．4πB ．π42 C ．π22 D ．π216．已知函数]3,3[sin ππω-=在x y 上是减函数，则实数的ω的取值范围是 （ ）A ．]23,(--∞B ．)0,23[-C ．]23,0(D ．),23[+∞7．一船向正北匀速行驶，看见正西方两座相距10海里的灯塔恰好与该船在同一直线上，继续航行半小时后，看见其中一座灯塔在南偏西60°方向上，另一灯塔在南偏西75°方向上，则该船的速度应该是 （ ）A ．10海里/小时B ．103海里/小时C ．5海里/小时D ．53海里/小时 8．函数|2|||ln --=x e y x 的图象大致是（ ）9．已知直线x +y=a 与圆x 2+y 2=4交于A 、B 两点，且||||OB OA OB OA -=+，其中O 为坐标原点，则实数a 的值为 （ ）A ．2B ．±2C ．－2D ．2±10．已知L 、M 、N 是平面α内的三点，点P 在平面α外，有三个命题 ①若PL ⊥α，LN ⊥MN ，则PN ⊥MN ②若PL ⊥α，PN ⊥MN ，则LN ⊥MN ③若LN ⊥MN ，PN ⊥MN ，则PL ⊥α 对这三个命题的正确评价是 （ ） A ．仅①是真命题 B ．仅②是假命题 C ．仅③是假命题 D ．全是真命题11．已知F 1、F 2是两个定点，点P 是以F 1和F 2为公共焦点的椭圆和双曲线的一个交点，并且PF 1⊥PF 2，e 1和e 2分别是上述椭圆和双曲线的离心率，则有 （ ）A ．4112221=+e e B ．2112221=+e e C ．42221=+e eD ．22221=+e e12．设函数)(x f 在定义域为D ，如果对任意的D x ∈1，存在唯一的D x ∈2，使C x f x f =+2)()(21（C 为常数）成立，则称函数)(x f 在D 上的均值为C . 给出下列四个函数：①y=x 3；②y=4sin x ；③y=lg x ；④y=2x ，则满足在其定义域上的均值为2的所有函数是 （ ） A ．①② B ．③④ C ．②④ D ．①③第II 卷（非选择题 共90分）二、填空题：本大题共4个小题，每小题4分，共16分， 13．观察下列式子： ,474131211,3531211,2321122222<+++<++<+，则可以猜想：当2≥n 时，有 .14．若二项式6)sin (x x-θ展开式中的常数项为20，则θ的值为 .15．在两个实数间定义一种运算“#”，规定⎩⎨⎧≥-<=)(1)(1#b a b a b a ，则方程12|#21|=-x 的解集是 .16．给出下列四个结论：①函数)10(log )10(≠>=≠>=a a a y a a a y xa x 且与函数且在其各自定义域上具备相同单调性； ②函数k k y k(3⋅=为非零常数）的图象可由函数y=3x 的图象经过平移得到；③函数)0)(21131()0(12121≠+-=≠-+=x x y x y x x 是奇函数且函数是偶函数； ④函数y=cos|x |是周期函数.其中正确结论的序号是 .（填写你认为正确的所有结论序号）三、解答题：本大题共6个小题，共74分. 解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤. 请 17．（12分）已知△ABC 的面积S 满足.,6,333θ的夹角为与且BC AB BC AB S =⋅≤≤（I ）求θ的取值范围；（2）求函数θθθθθ22cos 3cos sin 2sin )(+⋅+=f 的最大值.18．（12分） 如图，在四棱锥P —ABCD 中，PD ⊥底面ABCD ，底面ABCD 为正方形，PD =DC ，E 、F 分别是AB ，PB 的中点. （I ）求证：EF ⊥CD ；（II ）求DB 与平面DEF 所成角的正弦值；（III ）在平面P AD 内是否存在一点G ，使G 在平面PCB 上的射影为△PCB 的外心，若存在，试确定点G 的位置；若不存在，说明理由.19．（12分） 某班从6名中（其中男生4人，女生2人），选3人参加学校的义务劳动. （I ）设所选3人中女生人数为ξ，求ξ的分布列及E ξ； （II ）求男生甲或女生乙被选中的概率；（III ）在男生甲被选中的情况下，求女生乙也被选中的概率.20．（12分）已知在曲线点项和为的前数列))(1,(,}{,14)(*12N n a a P S n a xx f n n n n n ∈+=+.0,1,)(1>==n a a x f y 且上（I ）求数列{n a }的通项公式n a ；（II ）数列{n b }的首项b 1=1，前n 项和为T n ，且381622121--+=++n n a T a T n n n n ，求数列{n b }的通项公式b n .21．（12分） 设M 是由满足下列两个条件的函数)(x f 构成的集合：①议程0)(=-x x f 有实根；②函数)(x f 的导数)(x f '满足0<)(x f '<1.（I ）若4sin 2)(xx x f +=，判断方程0)(=-x x f 的根的个数； （II ）判断（I ）中的函数)(x f 是否为集合M 的元素；（III ）对于M 中的任意函数)(x f ，设x 1是方程0)(=-x x f 的实根，求证：对于)(x f 定义域中任意的x 2，x 3，当| x 2－x 1|<1，且| x 3－x 1|<1时，有.2|)()(|23<-x f x f22．（14分）过点T （2，0）的直线2:+=my x l 交抛物线y 2=4x 于A 、B 两点.（I ）若直线l 交y 轴于点M ，且,,21BT MB AT MA λλ==当m 变化时，求21λλ+的值； （II ）设A 、B 在直线n x g =:上的射影为D 、E ，连结AE 、BD 相交于一点N ，则当m 变化时，点N 为定点的充要条件是n =－2.参考答案一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分. 1—5CADAD 6—10BACBC 11—12BD二、填空题：本大题共4个小题，每小题4分，共16分. 13．n n n12131211222-<++++14．)(22Z k k ∈-ππ 15．),41(+∞ 16．③④ 三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17．（本小题满分12分） 解：（I ）由题意知.6cos ||||==⋅θBC AB BC AB ……………………1分θθθθtan cos ||||21sin ||||21)sin(||||21BC AB BC AB x BC AB S ==-=.tan 3tan 621ϑθ=⨯=………………………………………………………6分.3tan 1.33tan 33,333≤≤∴≤≤≤≤θθ即S].3,4[],,0[ππθπθ∈∴∈ 又………………………………………………8分（II ）θθθθθθθ222cos 22sin 1cos 3cos sin 2sin )(++=++=f ).42sin(222cos 2sin 2πθθθ++=++=…………………………10分].1211,43[42],3,4[πππθππθ∈+∈)(,4,4342θπθππθf 时即当==+∴最大，其最大值为3.………………12分18．（本小题满分12分）解：以DA ，DC ，DP 所在直线分别为x 轴，y 轴，z 轴建立空间直角坐标系（如图）.设AD =a ，则D （0，0，0），A （a ，0，0），B （a ，a ，0），C （0，a ，0），E （a ，2a，0），P （0，0，a ），F （2a ，2a ，2a）.………………2分 （I ）,0)0,,0()2,0,2(=⋅-=⋅a aa DC EF.DC EF ⊥∴…………………………………………4分（II ）设平面DEF 的法向量为⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅=0),,,(DE n DF n z y x n 由得⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=+=++⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅.02,0)(2,0)0,2,(),,(,0)2,2,2(),,(y a ax z y x aa a z y x a a a z y x 即取x =1，则y=－2，z=1.).1,2,1(-=∴n ………………………………………………6分.6362||||,cos =⋅=⋅>=<∴a a n BD n BD n BD设DB 与平面DEF 所成角为.63sin ,=θθ则……………………………………8分 （III ）假设存在点G 满足题意因为).,0,(,z x G PAD G 点坐标为可设平面∈.0,0)2(2),,0()2,2,2(.2,0)2()0,0,()2,2,2()2,2,2(10.)2,2,2(,,.,0),,0()0,0,(2==-+=-⋅---=⋅==-=⋅---=⋅---=∆∴∆⊥∴=-⋅=⋅z ax a a a a a z a a x CP FG ax a x a a a z a a x CB FG ax a a x FG PBC Rt aa a F PB F PBC Rt PC BC a a a CP CB 得由得由分的外心为中点为中在∴存在点G ，其坐标为（2a，0，0），即G 点为AD 的中点.……………………12分19．（本小题满分12分） 解：（I ）ξ的所有可能取值为0，1，2，依题意得： ;51)2(;53)1(;51)0(3622143612243634=========C C C P C c C P C C P ξξξ…………3分 ∴ξ的分布列为ξ 01 2P51 53 51∴E ξ=0×5+1×5+2×5=1.…………………………………………4分（II ）设“甲、乙都不被选中”的事件为C ，则.51204)(3634===C C C P ……6分∴所求概率为.54511)(1)(=-=-=C P C P …………………………………8分 （III ）记“男生甲被选中”为事件A ，“女生乙被选中”为事件B ，.51)(;212010)(36143625==⋂===C C A B P C C A P ………………………………10分)52104)|(.(52)()()|(2514=====C C A B P A P BA P A B P 或直接得……………12分20．（本小题满分12分）解：（I ）由题意知.141.14122121nn n n a a a a +=∴+=++}1{,4112221nn n a a a 即=-∴+是等差数列.…………………………………………2分.34441)1(411212-=-+=-+=∴n n n a a n.341,0.3412-=∴>-=∴n a a n a n n n 又………………………………5分（II ）由题设知).34)(14()14()34(1-+++=-+n n T n T n n n.1,34.1341411=-=-=--+∴++n n n n n n c c c n Tn T n T 则上式变为设}{n c ∴是等差数列.…………………………………………………………8分.1111111n n b n T n c c n =-+=-+=-+=∴.34)34(.342n n n n T n n T n n-=-==-∴即………………………………10分∴当n =1时，11==T b n ；当.78)1(3)1(434,2221-=-+---=-=≥-n n n n n T T b n n n n 时经验证n=1时也适合上式. ).(78*N n n b n ∈-=∴…………………………12分21．（本小题满分12分） 解：（I ）令.24sin )(,)()(xx x F x x f x F -=-=即 则.0)(,1cos 1.214cos )(≤'∴≤≤--='x F x x x F x x f x F -=∴)()(是单调递减函数.……………………………………2分又取).)((02)(,,02)(,为奇函数或说明取x F F x F x <-==>=--=ππππππ0)(=-∴x x f 方程在其定义域上有唯一实根.……………………………4分（II ）由（I ）知方程0)(=-x x f 有实根（或者由0)(=-x x f ，易知x =0就是方程的一个根），)(x f 满足条件①.………………………………………………5分 .43)(41,1cos 1,4cos 21)(≤'≤≤≤-+='x f x x x f 得由又)(x f ∴满足条件②.故)(x f 是集合M 中的元素.……………………………7分（III ）不妨设)(,1)(0,32x f x f x x 知由<'<<在其定义域上是增函数. ).()(32x f x f <∴………………………………………………………………8分x x f x f -∴<-')(,01)(又是其定义域上的减函数.23233322)()(0,)()(x x x f x f x x f x x f -<-<->-∴即.………………10分 |)()(||||)()(|12132323x x x x x x x f x f ---=-<-∴.211||||1213<+<---≤x x x x …………………………………………12分22．（本小题满分14分）解：（I ）设),(),,(2211y x B y x A由.0844222=--⎩⎨⎧=+=my y xy my x 得.8,42121-==+∴y y m y y ………………………………………………2分又),,2()2,(,),2,0(111111y x my x AT MA n M --=+=-λλ即.21,211111my y m y --=-=+∴λλ得同理，由.21,222my BT MB --==λλ得………………………………4分.1882)(22)11(2221212121-=+-=+--=+--=+∴mmy my y y y y m λλ…………6分 （II ）方法一：当m =0时，A （2，22），B （2，－2），D （n ，22），E （n ，－22）.∵ABED 为矩形，∴直线AE 、BD 的交点N 的坐标为（).0,22+n ………………8分当),,22(),,22(),,(),,(,021121y n NE y x n AN y n E y n D m -=--+=≠ 时(*))2(28)2(2)(2222)222(22)22(2112121121n m m n m y my y y n y n y my n y n y x n +=+-=-+-=-+--+=-+-+则同理，对BN 、ND 进行类似计算也得（*）式.………………………………12分 即n =－2时，N 为定点（0，0）.反之，当N 为定点，则由（*）式等于0，得n =－2.…………………………14分方法二：首先n =－2时，则D （－2，y 1），A （),,2(),,2(),,222211y my B y E y my +-+)2(4:2121++-=-x my y y y y l DB ①)2(4:1212++-=-x my y y y y l EA ②…………………………………………8分①－②得,).4141)()(2(12121212y y my my y y x y y ≠+++-+=-.04884241411222121212=+-=++=-+++=∴my m m my y my y y m my my x.)0,0(为定点N ∴…………………………………………………………10分反之，若N 为定点N （0，0），设此时),,(),,(21y n E y n D则).,2(),,(221y my NB y n ND +==由D 、N 、B 三点共线，.022121=-+∴ny y y my ③同理E 、N 、A 三点共线，.021221=-+∴ny y y my ④………………12分 ③+④得,0)()(22212121=+-++y y n y y y my即－16m +8m －4m =0，m (n +2)=0.故对任意的m 都有n =－2.……………………………………………………14分。
2021年宿城一中高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析
2021年宿城一中高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Middlerby Kirsty ApplebaumEleven-year-old Maggie lives in Fennis Wick, enclosed and protected from the outside world. Her brother Jed is the eldest, a hero. Her younger brother is Trig—everyone loves Trig. But Maggie's just a middler；she is left behind. In this book, we experience the sadness of being the forgotten middle child, the child with no voice, even in her own family.Dennis in Jurassic Barkby Nigel AuchterlounieBeanotown is in trouble again, and this time the danger is Jurassic! Dennis，latest adventure is filled with fun, including Vikings, Victorians and soon, along with puzzles for you to finish. Can you help Dennis save Beanotown from the prehistoric invasion?Little Book for Big Changesby Karen Ng and Kirsten LiepmannIncluding more than 100 activities, try-outs, games, puzzles and tips,Little Book for Big Changesoffers fun and creative ways to bring people together to help change the world. Understand more about big problems in the world such as inequality and climate change, and be empowered to help make the world a better place.The Saga of Erik the Vikingby Terry JonesIn this illustrated story, Erik the Viking sets out with his trusty team of men in search of the land where the Sun goes at night. On his journey, he will meet adventures that will put his courage to the test.1. Who told a story about an unseen child in a family?A. Terry Jones.B. Kirsty Applebaum.C. Nigel Auchterlounie.D. Karen Ng and Kirsten Liepmann.2. Which book is proper for kids who love prehistoric-related stories?A.The Middler.B.Little Book for Big Changes.C.Dennis in Jurassic Bark.D.The Saga of Erik the Viking.3. What is special aboutLittle Book for Big Changes"!A. It is about two people.B. It is an adventure book.C. It has picturesinside to help kids read.D. It teaches kids to care for the world.BTexas has been one of the most restrictive gun-rights states in America.Thanks to a new law,however,the state will be one of the most relaxed,to the degree that police are discouraged from even asking about someone's guns. And if they do, they may not have much power to do anything if the person refuses to show a license.To be sure, the law is strict in its own way,offering a model for regulation. Under the law, open-carry citizens have to be licensed, a process that includes safety and shooting tests. They also have to show no prior psychological problems, and they have to be at least 21 years old.It is true that gun violence dropped sharply after restrictive laws were put in place in countries like Great Britain and Australia. However,the US public seems more interested than ever in weapons and the power they convey,despite gun control groups' concern over the increase of violence. Most states in America have steadily expanded gun rights since the end of a 10-year assault(攻击)weapons ban in 2004. Black Friday this year saw the biggest gun cache(贮存)ever purchased in one day.Considering those trends,there's a heated debate about whether the new Texas law is a model piece of legislation(立法)for a changing America,or a walking disaster just begging for trouble. As the law doesn't provide any punishment for those who refuse to show a license to a police officer, critics fear that officers may find it tough to handle potentially deadly situations. After all, armed citizens will no longer be considered suspicious, even though a lot of people might be alarmed by the sight. Most police in Texas have been told to not engage gun carriers unless they are doing something questionable or appear drunk.For sure,New Year's Day will be an exciting one for Texas gun owners. What's not yet known is how the rest of Texas will respond.4. All of the following are required in the new Texas law for open carry EXCEPTA. age limitB. mental conditionC. online registrationD. gun-operating skills5. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A. The reason for putting forward the new Texas law.B. The present situation of gun possession in America.C. The impact of the assault weapons ban in 2004.D. The inaction of the US government as to gun control.6. What do critics think the new Texas law will probably lead to?A. Heavier workload for policemen.B. Disrespect for officers.C. Lack of trust among citizens.D. Difficulty in crime prevention.7. What is the author's attitude towards the new Texas law?A. Negative.B. Cautious.C. Indifferent.D. Approving.CBob, a Burroughs junior high school football player, always had his mom cheering him on. He didn’t play exciting positions. He played as a linebacker(中后卫球员). Sadly, he often found himself at the bottom of the piles, where everyone would jump onto each other at the end of every play. Bob's mom realized it was hard for her son to hear her cheering. She hadto find a solution, but couldn't find one.Then one day the coach from the school team asked him if he wanted to join the team. Bob wasecstatic, because he was only a ninth grader. His mom was also excited, since she loved football and especially loved watching her son play. She kept considering a way for him to hear her. A cowbell! That was it. Now from the bottom of the piles Bob would hear his mom shaking her cowbell crazily, knowing she was there for him.Bob's team finally made it to the state championship game. What exciting time to play at Busch Stadium under the lights! This experience made Bob appreciate all the years that his mom had sacrificed everything to get him to practice every day, to wash his uniforms, and to never miss a game. He had to do something.On the night of the state championship game, the loudspeakers introduced Bob, and as he walked onto the field his mom shook the cowbell, hard. However, it didn’t sound right. She looked its inside, and found a note saying,”Thank you, Mom.” Bob had left her a note expressing his appreciation for always being with him, filling her heart with warmth.Finally Burroughs claimed the title of State Champion. While others were cheering and admiring the state championship cup, Bob' s mom clutched(紧握) her cowbell happily.Years later, Bob’s mom died. While digging through her belongings, he found the cowbell with the note. Bob took it to his mom's funeral and rang it, whispering, "Thank you, Mom.”8. What does the underlined word "ecstatic” mean in Paragraph 2?A. CuriousB. DisappointedC. AnxiousD. Delighted9. Why did Bob's mom want to get a cowbell?A. To amuse her cow.B. To teach her cowC. To attract his attention.D. To make him hear her10. What can be learned from Paragraph 3?A. Bob's mom devoted much time to himB. Bob was the best player in his teamC. Bob owed his success to his coachD. Bob's mom was a football player at college11. Why didn’t the cowbell sound as usual that night?A. The mother was very weak.B. Bob had put a note inside the bell.C. The weather became terrible suddenlyD. The bell had been broken deliberates.DAbout a month after I joined Facebook, I got a call from Lori Goler, a highly regarded senior director of marketing at eBay. She made it clear this was a business call. “I want to apply to work with you at Facebook,” she said. “Instead of recommending myself, I want to ask you: What is your biggest problem, and how can I solve it?”My jaw hit the floor. I had hired thousands of people over the previous decade and no one had ever said anything remotely like that. People usually focus on finding the right role for themselves, with the implication that their skills will help the company. Lori put Facebook’s needs front and center. It was a killer approach. I responded, “Recruiting is my biggest problem. And, yes, you can solve it.”Lori never dreamed she would work in recruiting, but she jumped in. She even agreed to trade earnings for acquiring new skills in a new field. Lori did a great job running recruiting and within months was promoted to hercurrent job, leading People@Facebook.The most common metaphor for careers is a ladder, but this concept no longer applies to most workers. As of 2010, the average American had eleven jobs from the ages of eighteen to forty-six alone. Lori often quotes Pattie Sellers, who came up with a much better metaphor: “Careers are a jungle gym, not a ladder.”As Lori describes it, there’s only one way to get to the top of a ladder, but there are many ways to get to the top of a jungle gym. The jungle gym model benefits everyone, but especially women who might be starting careers, switching careers, getting blocked by external barriers, or reentering the workforce after taking time off. The ability to create a unique path with occasional dips, detours (弯路), and even dead ends presents great views of many people, not just those at the top. On a ladder, most climbers are stuck staring at the butt of the person above.12. Why did Lori make the call?A. She helped Facebook to solve the biggest problem.B. She wanted to make a business deal with Facebook.C. She tried to ask for a pay rise in Facebook.D. She wanted to become an employee in Facebook.13. What impressed “I” by Lori?A. Lori was good at running recruiting.B. Lori attached great importance to Facebook’s needs.C. Lori jumped in Facebook with no adequate experience.D. Lori was skilled in marketing at eBay.14. What can we infer from the passage?A. Now all people don’t tend to climb the ladder.B. None on the ladder can enjoy the great views.C. Jungle gyms offer limited exploration for employees.D. A pregnant woman, jobless, benefits little from the jungle gyms.15. What is the best title of the passage?A. It’s a Jungle Gym, Not a Ladder.B. Facebook’s Biggest Problem.C. Applying for a Job in Facebook.D. A Jungle Gym is Better than a Ladder.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届宿城一中高三语文模拟试题及参考答案
2020届宿城一中高三语文模拟试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一陈寅恪说：“所谓真了解者，必神游冥想，与立说之古人，处于同一境界始能批评其学说之是非得失，而无隔阂肤廓之论。
”这表明学术研究还需借助于历史的想象力，但历史想象与艺术想象有所不同，我们切不可拿“想象”作“证据”，“误认天上的浮云为天际的树林”。
这也是治学者应当牢记的“信条”。
治学须以历史学为根基。
李大钊说：“纵观人间的过去者便是历史，横观人间的现在者便是社会。
”也就是说，要洞察现实的社会，就不能不研究过去的历史。
胡适之则把这种认识的思路，比作“祖孙的方法”。
这一方法从来不把事物看作一个孤立的东西，而把它视为“历史”的一个“中段”：“上头有他的祖父，下头有他的孙子。
捉住了这两头，他再也逃不出去了。
但历史也不是单纯事件的条块铺陈，它的背后还有“思想”，“有一个思想的过程所构成的内在方面”。
因此，我们只有通过“想象”，才能把握它内在的“思想”，才能从一堆枯燥无生命的原材料中发现有血有肉的生命。
事实上，对许多研究者来说，研究对象与他个人经历并无直接关系。
研究政治史的人，并不一定就是政治家，如果没有历史想象力的参与，他们的研究工作可以说是难以开展的。
历史想象应是“构造性”的。
这一点和艺术想象确有相似之处。
钱钟书也认为，“史学家追叙真人真事，每须体人情，悬想事势，设身局中，潜心腔内，忖之度之，以揣以摩，庶几入情合理。
盖于小说、剧本之臆造人物、虚构境地，不尽同而可相通”。
这很容易让人联想到司马迁他在《史记》中创立的记史方法。
比如刘邦之母大泽遇蛇、韩信下邳遇黄石公等，就具有艺术想象的意味。
这仅是问题的一个方面。
另一方面，我们所赖以说明问题的一些“凭借”，如民族、国家、政党等，虽然是一种历史的具体的“存在”，但要把握它们，也要依赖于人的想象。
按照安德森的话说叫作“想象的共同体”。
比如，研究民族，即便是最小的民族的成员，也不可能认识他的全部同胞，或者和他们相遇，而是一种相互连接的意象让他们作为一个整体而存在。
2019-2020学年宿城一中高三生物一模试题及答案
2019-2020学年宿城一中高三生物一模试题及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 以下关于物质或结构的比喻正确的是（）①蛋白质----生命活动的蓝图①线粒体----养料制造车间①叶绿体----能量转换站①溶酶体----消化车间①细胞膜----系统的边界①细胞核----遗传信息库A.①①①①B.①①①①C.①①①①D.①①①①2. 选取长度相同的幼苗，实验装置如图甲所示，给予光照，在不同时间测定胚芽鞘伸长的长度，结果如图乙。
能正确表示对照组、实验组光照侧和背光侧胚芽鞘伸长长度的曲线依次是A. ①①①B. ①①①C. ①①①D. ①①①3. 一块弃耕的农田，很快会杂草丛生，几年后，草本植物开始减少，各种灌木繁茂起来，最后演变成一片森林，成为一个相对稳定的生态系统。
在此演变过程中，相关变化趋势正确的是（）A. ①①B. ①①C. ①①D. ①①4. 有关生态系统的信息传递，正确的叙述是A.生态系统中物理信息的来源只能是无机环境B.动物的特殊行为对于同种或异种生物能够传递信息C.生态系统中的信息传递和能量流动一样，都是单向的D.利用昆虫信息素诱捕有害动物属于化学防治5. 鳞翅目昆虫黄粉蝶的性别决定方式为ZW型，其幼体的黑斑和白斑受Bb基因的控制，皮肤不透明和透明受E、e基因的控制。
一对幼体皮肤不透明而有黑斑的雌雄个体交配，F1中黑斑个体与白斑个体的比例为3①l，皮肤不透明与透明个体的比例为2①1，且皮肤透明的幼体全为雌性。
下列有关叙述错误的是（）A.B、b和E、e两对等位基因遵循自由组合定律B.E、e基因位于性染色体上，且基因型Z E Z E致死C.F1中皮肤不透明而有白斑的雄性幼体所占的比例为1/8D.F1中皮肤透明的幼体全为雌性，则雄性亲本基因型为BbZ E Z e6. 人类活动导致岩羊栖息地碎片化，形成大小不等的区域。
对狭小的甲区域和较广阔的乙区域长期研究发现，在若干年间甲区域的岩羊数量急剧减少，并出现了多种疾病。
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宿城一中高三第一阶段模拟试卷语文试题一、（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
瑞典文学院10月11日宣布，将2012年诺贝尔文学奖授予中国作家莫言。
消息一出，所有华人无不为之振奋，一扫中国文学与诺贝尔奖无缘的尴尬。
与此同时，引发了中国民众对诺贝尔文学奖的进一步深入了解。
诺贝尔文学奖的审美标准是“具有理想主义倾向的杰出文学作品”。
虽然瑞典文学院始终以“理想主义”作为最高标准来评选作品，但是，在各个不同的历史阶段，对“理想主义”的理解有所不同。
自19世纪中叶起，欧洲资本主义进入稳定发展时期，社会矛盾虽然日益尖锐，但人们仍然对生活和未来充满信心。
受此影响，诺贝尔文学奖最初十几年多关注那些透过温和的人道主义显现出真、善、美的文学作品。
光明、崇高、热情、高雅是此时获奖作品的共同风格。
例如，1910年德国作家海泽的获奖是因为他的作品“所达到的充满理想主义光辉的、完美的艺术境界”。
不难发现，此时欧洲人的文学审美观念趋向于追求古典式的和谐之美，而人与现实的和谐是这种古典美的核心，它折射出当时欧洲人对人与现实关系的向往与期待。
第一次世界大战的爆发使人类遭到空前的浩劫，欧洲人古典的乌托邦梦想随着战火灰飞烟灭。
西方知识分子开始了对世界的全面反思，用更加冷峻的目光来审视人与现实的关系。
传统文学观念受到严重的冲击，乐观主义倾向开始淡出20世纪西方文学的舞台，文学的视角转移到从人生的悲剧性体验中发现美与善。
如果说战前的西方文学多从美的角度来审视人与现实的关系，从而建立起对人类未来的美好幻想，那么，此时的西方文学更多地从丑的角度来反思现实对人类心灵的扭曲与异化。
这一时期的诺贝尔文学奖更多地表彰那些具有浓厚悲剧意识的作家。
如1919年瑞典文学院将文学奖颁给瑞士作家施皮特勒，正是因为他的史诗《奥林匹斯的春天》“表达了人类在强加于自身的各种欲望搏斗时表现出的自由意志、各种理想、各种想象以及人类的痛苦、绝望等等”。
接踵而来的第二次世界大战以及战后的冷战和全球核威胁，使人类的精神从悲观走向了绝望。
在这片思想的荒原上，存在主义哲学思想开始风靡世界。
存在主义哲学认为，人的存在是荒诞与痛苦的，人生的意义终将化为虚无。
存在主义哲学对二战后世界文学影响深远，文学的审美重心由对人与现实的关系的反思上升到对人的本质的反思。
西方现代作家以文学为手段来探究人类存在的价值，不再努力去描绘外在于人的社会现实，而是尽可能地去表现人在被异化的社会中所体验到的压抑、焦虑、孤独和虚无。
传统的现实主义文学观念受到西方文学界的普遍质疑，现代主义文学反传统、反理性、反艺术的倾向开始得到主流批评界的普遍认同。
20世纪70年代末以来，西方马克思主义、女权主义、后殖民主义、新历史主义等后现代主义理论盛行，诺贝尔文学奖的评价标准开始向意识形态评价方向倾斜，更多地关注文学中的阶级、种族、性别、殖民、文化等问题，呈现出一种多元化的审美标准。
文学批评不再抽象地对人进行形而上学的反思，而更注重在具体的历史语境中对人进行现实的反思，这与后现代文学批评反对形而上学、反对普遍性，突出差别性、个别性的文学观念相关。
1. 下列对“诺贝尔文学奖”的阐释，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．诺贝尔文学奖始终以“理想主义”作为最高标准来评选作品，但不同历史阶段对“理想主义”的理解有所不同。
B．诺贝尔文学奖最初多关注那些透过温和的人道主义显现出真、善、美的文学作品，使人们在尖锐的社会矛盾下仍然对生活和未来充满信心。
C．20世纪70年代末以来，诺贝尔文学奖的评价标准开始向意识形态评价方向倾斜，呈现出一种多元化的审美标准。
D．从百年诺贝尔文学奖对获奖作品的文学主题关注重心的变迁，我们可以窥见19世纪中叶以来西方文学批评的审美观念的变化态势。
答案：B（因果倒臵，应是“社会矛盾虽然日益尖锐，但人们仍然对生活和未来充满信心。
受此影响，诺贝尔文学奖最初十几年多关注那些透过温和的人道主义显现出真、善、美的文学作品”。
）2. 下列解释和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是（）（3分）A．自19世纪中叶起，欧洲人在反思人与现实的关系时，开始追求以人与现实的和谐为核心的古典式的和谐之美，它折射出当时欧洲人对人与现实关系的向往与期待。
B．传统文学观念因第一次世界大战的爆发而受到严重的冲击，于是，从人生的悲剧性体验中发现美与善开始取代乐观主义倾向。
C．第一次世界大战爆发前的西方文学更多地从丑的角度来反思现实对人类心灵的扭曲与异化。
这一时期的诺贝尔文学奖更多地表彰那些具有浓厚悲剧意识的作家。
D．第二次世界大战以及战后的冷战和全球核威胁，使人类的精神从悲观走向了绝望，存在主义哲学思想开始流行。
答案：2. C（张冠李戴，应是“第一次世界大战爆发后的西方文学”。
）3. 根据原文内容，下列理解和分析不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．后现代文学批评反对形而上学、反对普遍性，突出差别性、个别性的文学观念使文学批评更注重在具体的历史语境中对人进行现实的反思。
B．从19世纪中叶起，经两次世界大战，进入20世纪以来，诺贝尔文学奖的审美标准也在不断进步和完善，由原来的低层次不断上升，最终呈现一种多元化的审美标准。
C．二战后，西方现代作家不再努力去描绘外在于人的社会现实，而是由对人与现实的关系的反思上升到对人的本质的反思。
D．二战后，现代主义文学尽可能表现人在被异化的社会中所体验到的压抑、焦虑、孤独和虚无，反传统、反理性、反艺术的倾向开始得到主流批评界的普遍认同。
答案：B（无中生有，“原来的低层次”的说法不正确）二、（33分）阅读下面的文言文，完成4～7题。
《金石录》后序右《金石录》三十卷者何？赵候德甫①所著书也。
取上自三代，下迄五季，凡见于金石刻者二千卷，皆是正讹谬，去取褒贬，上足以合圣人之道，下足以订史氏之失者，皆栽之，可谓多矣。
余建中辛巳，始归赵氏。
侯年二十一，在太学作学生。
赵、李族寒，素贫俭，每朔望谒告出，质衣取半千钱，步入相国寺，市碑文归，相对展玩咀嚼，自谓葛天氏②之民也。
尝记崇宁间，有人持徐熙《牡丹图》求钱二十万。
当时虽贵家子弟，求二十万钱岂易得耶？留信宿，计无所出而还之。
夫妇相向惋怅者数日。
后屏居乡里十年，仰取俯拾，衣食有余。
连守两郡，竭其俸入以事铅椠③。
每获一书，即同共勘校，整集答题。
余性偶强记，每饭罢，坐归来堂烹茶，指堆积书史，言莱事在某书某卷第几叶第几行，以中否角胜负，为饮茶先后。
中即举杯大笑，至茶倾覆怀中，反不得饮而起。
甘心老是乡矣！故虽处忧患困穷，而志不屈。
收书既成，归来堂起书库，大橱簿甲乙，臵书册。
如要讲读，即请钥上簿，关出卷帙。
或少损污，必惩责揩完涂改，不复向时之坦夷也。
余性不耐，始谋食去重肉，衣去重采，首无明珠翡翠之饰，室无涂金刺绣之具，遇书史百家字不刓阙④、本不讹谬者，辄市之，储作副本。
于是几案罗列，枕席枕藉，意会心谋，目往神授，乐在声色狗马之上。
今日忽阅此书，如见故人。
因忆侯在东莱静治堂，装卷初就，芸签缥带，柬十卷作一帙。
今手泽如新而墓木已拱，悲夫！昔萧绎江陵陷没，不惜国亡而毁裂书画；杨广江都倾覆，不悲身死而复取图书。
岂人性之所著，死生不能忘之欤？或者天意以余菲薄，不足以享此尤物耶？抑亦死者有知，犹斤斤爱惜，不肯留在人间耶？何得之艰而失之易也？然有有必有无，有聚必有散，乃理之常。
所以区区记其终始者，亦欲为后世好古博雅者之戒云。
绍兴二年玄黓岁壮月朔甲寅，易安室题。
（节选自李清照《（金石录>后序》）译文：以上《金石录》三十卷是谁的著作呢？是先夫赵德甫所撰的呀。
上自三代，下至五代之末，凡是铸在钟、鼎、甗、鬲、盘、彝、尊、敦上的题记，以及刻在高大石碑上的显要人物和山林隐士的事迹——这些见之于金石镂刻的文字共二千卷，都校正了错字异文，进行了汰选和品评。
上足以合圣人的道德标准，下能够订正史官失误的，这里都记载了，可以称得上内容丰富了！唉，自从唐代的王涯与元载遭到杀身之祸以后，书画跟胡椒几乎是一样的货色；而晋人和峤所患的钱癖跟杜预所患的《左传》癖，也似乎没有什么区别。
名义虽不相同，但各自受到的迷惑则是一样的呀。
徽宗建中靖国元年，我才嫁给赵氏。
当时先父在做礼部员外郎，丞相公公在做礼部侍郎，我夫明诚年方二十一岁，正在太学做学生。
赵、李两家本是寒族，向来清贫俭朴。
每月初一、十五，明诚都请假出去，把衣服押在当铺里，取五百铜钱，走进大相国寺，购买碑文和果实。
回到家中，我们面对面地坐着，一边展玩碑文，一边咀嚼果实，自己觉得很象远古时代葛天氏的臣民那样自由和快乐。
后二年，明诚出仕做官，便立下即使节衣缩食，也要游遍辽远的地方，把天下的古文奇字全部搜集起来的志愿。
日积月累，资料越积越多。
丞相在政府工作，亲戚故旧中也有人在秘书省的，常常有《诗经》以外的佚诗、正史以外的逸史，以及从鲁国孔子旧壁中、汲郡魏安釐王墓中发掘出来的古文经传和竹简文字，于是就尽力抄写，渐渐感到趣味无穷，以至欲罢不能。
后来偶而看到古今名人的书画和夏、商、周三代的奇器，也还是脱下衣服把它买下来。
曾记得崇宁年间，有一个人拿来一幅南唐徐熙所画的《牡丹图》，要二十万钱才肯卖。
当时就是贵家子弟，要筹备二十万铜钱，谈何容易啊！我们把它留了两夜，终于因为想不出法子而还给了他。
我们夫妇俩为此惋惜怅惘了好几天。
后来我们回青州故乡闲居了十年。
仰有所取，俯有所入，衣食有了富裕。
明诚又接连做了莱州和淄州的太守，把他的全部薪俸拿出来，从事书籍的刻写。
每得一本，我们就一起校勘，整理成集，题上书名。
得到书画和彝、鼎等古代酒器，也摩挲把玩或摊开来欣赏，指摘上面的毛病。
每晚以烧完一枝蜡烛为准。
因此所收藏的古籍，都能做到纸札精致，字画完整，超过许多收藏家。
我天性博闻强记，每次吃完饭，和明诚坐在归来堂上烹茶，指着堆积的书史，说某一典故出在某书某卷第几页第几行，以猜中与否决定胜负，作为饮茶的先后。
猜中了，便举杯大笑，以至把茶倒在怀中，起来时反而饮不到一口。
甘心在这个环境中过一辈子了！所以我们虽处于忧患贫穷之中，而胸中的志愿从没有屈服过。
收书的任务既已完成，就在归来堂中建起书库，把大橱编上了甲乙丙丁的号码，中间放上书册。
如需讲读，就拿来钥匙开橱，在簿子上登记，然后取出所要的书籍。
我有时把书籍损坏或弄脏了一点，他定要给以批评，并责令揩完涂改，不再象过去那样平易和蔼了。
收藏书籍本为寻求适意，如今反而弄得一场不愉快。
我性子实在忍耐不住，就想办法不吃第二道荤菜，不穿第二件绣有文彩的衣裳，头上没有明珠翡翠的首饰，室内没有镀金刺绣的家具。
遇到诸子百家的书籍，只要字不残缺、版本不假的，就马上买下，储存起来作为副本。
向来家传的《周易》和《左传》，原有两个版本源流，文字最为完备。
于是罗列在几案上，堆积在枕席间，我们意会心谋，目往神授，这种乐趣远远超过声色狗马之上。
到了钦宗靖康元年，明诚做了淄州太守，听说金军进犯京师汴梁，一时间四顾茫然，只见满箱满笼都是书籍，一边恋恋不舍，一边怅惘不已，心知这些东西必将不为己有了。