PHARMACOLOGICALTREATMENTOFNEUROPATHICPAIN神经病理性疼痛的药
阿立哌唑的功能主治是

阿立哌唑的功能主治是什么是阿立哌唑?阿立哌唑(Alprazolam),属于苯二氮䓬类药物,是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂。
它主要通过增加γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的活性,从而影响神经传递,具有镇静、催眠、抗焦虑、抗抑郁及抗癫痫等药理作用。
阿立哌唑的功能主治阿立哌唑可用于多种疾病的治疗。
下面是阿立哌唑的常见功能主治:1.抗焦虑:阿立哌唑是一种广泛使用的抗焦虑药物。
它通过增加GABA的活性来减轻焦虑症状,改善焦虑相关的情绪和行为。
阿立哌唑对各类焦虑障碍,如广泛性焦虑症、恐惧症、社交焦虑症等都可用作治疗。
2.镇静催眠:阿立哌唑具有镇静催眠作用,可用于治疗失眠和其他相关睡眠障碍。
它可缩短入睡时间、延长睡眠时间,并提高睡眠质量。
3.抗抑郁:阿立哌唑在抗抑郁治疗中也有一定的应用。
它可改善抑郁状态,减轻抑郁症状,并提高患者的情绪和心理状态。
4.抗癫痫:阿立哌唑可用于治疗某些类型的癫痫。
它通过对神经传递的调节和抑制,减轻癫痫发作的频率和强度。
5.镇痛:阿立哌唑对某些类型的疼痛也有一定的缓解作用。
它可通过改善神经传递和抑制痛觉信号,减轻疼痛感。
6.防止戒断综合征:由于阿立哌唑具有中枢神经系统抑制作用,它可以用于预防某些物质依赖的戒断综合征,如酒精和苯二氮䓬类药物的戒断症状。
总的来说,阿立哌唑在神经系统疾病和心理相关疾病的治疗中发挥着重要的作用。
然而,它仅可在医生的指导下使用,并需按照医生的建议进行剂量和疗程的控制。
滥用阿立哌唑可能会带来严重的副作用,如依赖、上瘾和药物滥用等问题。
References: - Maggiora M, Reggiani A, Molinaro G, et al. Sexualitat Und Psychopharmaka: Eine Interdisziplin?re Herausforderung [disordered Hypersexual Behavior and Paraphilic Disorders in Patients With Neurological, Psychiatric, and Addiction Disorders When Taking Dopamine Agonists and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (dri)]. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2019, 51(3): 223–8. - Malik P, Singh J, Sharma V, et al. Pharmacotherapy in Opioid Dependence: A Clinician’s Perspective. Annals of Neurosciences, 2018, 25(4): 209–13.。
艾司西酞普兰与喹硫平联合治疗首发抑郁症的效果分析

DOI:10.16662/ki.1674-0742.2021.33.089艾司西酞普兰与喹硫平联合治疗首发抑郁症的效果分析杨晓江泉州市第三医院精神科,福建泉州362121[摘要]目的探讨艾司西酞普兰与喹硫平联合治疗首发抑郁症的效果。
方法方便选取2018年1月—2020年12月在该院就诊的116例首发抑郁症患者为研究对象,以随机数表法将其划分为两组。
对照组58例患者应用艾司西酞普兰治疗,研究组58例在此基础上联合喹硫平治疗。
比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后的神经因子水平[髓鞘间隙蛋白(MBP)与神经营养因子(BDNF)],治疗前、治疗4周与8周时的认知功能[以重复性成套神经心理状态测验(RBANS)评价]以及不良反应情况。
结果研究组治疗的总有效率为94.83%较对照组79.31%高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.202,P<0.05)。
治疗后,研究组MBP(4.52±0.85)ng/mL较对照组(5.79±0.69)ng/mL低,BDNF(27.52±4.03)ng/mL较对照组(24.33±5.00)ng/mL高,差异有统计学意义(t=8.834、3.783,P<0.05)。
治疗4周与8周时,研究组RBANS评分(73.52±10.00)分、(78.62±10.40)分较对照组高(68.03±8.46)分、(71.32±9.05)分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.192,4.033,P<0.05)。
研究组不良反应发生率为10.34%,对照组不良反应发生率为8.62%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.100,P>0.05)。
结论首发抑郁症患者应用艾司西酞普兰与喹硫平联合治疗能够提高临床疗效,改善神经因子水平与认知功能,安全性佳,具有临床推广价值。
[关键词]艾司西酞普兰;喹硫平;首发抑郁症[中图分类号]R5[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1674-0742(2021)11(c)-0089-04. All Rights Reserved.Analysis of the Effect of Escitalopram and Quetiapine in the Treatment ofFirst-episode DepressionYANG XiaojiangDepartment of Psychiatry,Quanzhou Third Hospital,Quanzhou,Fujian Province,362121China[Abstract]Objective To explore the effect of escitalopram and quetiapine in the treatment of first-episode depression.Methods Conveniently selected the116first-episode depression patients who visited the hospital from January2018toDecember2020for research.They were divided into two groups using a random number table.58patients in the controlgroup were treated with escitalopram,and58patients in the study group were treated with quetiapine on this basis.Compared the clinical efficacy of the two groups of patients,the levels of neurological factors[myelin interstitial protein(MBP)and neurotrophic factor(BDNF)]before and after treatment,and the cognitive function[in a repetitive set ofneuropsychological status test(RBANS)evaluation]before and after treatment,4weeks and8weeks of treatment,andadverse reactions.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was94.83%higher than79.31%in thecontrol group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=6.202,P<0.05).After treatment,MBP(4.52±0.85)ng/mL in thestudy group was lower than that in the control group(5.79±0.69)ng/mL,and BDNF(27.52±4.03)ng/mL was higher thanthat in the control group(24.33±5.00)ng/mL,the difference was statistically significant(t=8.834,3.783,P<0.05).In thetreatment of4weeks and8weeks,the RBANS score of the study group was(73.52±10.00)points and(78.62±10.40)pointshigher than that of the control group(68.03±8.46)points and(71.32±9.05)points,the difference was statistically significant(t=3.192,4.033,P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was10.34%,and the incidence of adversereactions in the control group was8.62%,the difference was not statistically significant(χ2=0.100,P>0.05).Conclusion Thecombined treatment of escitalopram and quetiapine in patients with first-episode depression can improve the clinicalefficacy,improve the level of neurological factors and cognitive function,with good safety and clinical promotion value.[Key words]Escitalopram;Quetiapine;First episode depression[作者简介]杨晓江(1978-),男,本科,主治医师,研究方向为精神病。
盐酸度洛西汀临床应用研究进展

tj医药综述‘MEDICALANDPHARMACEUTICALSUMMARIES中图分类号:R971盐酸度洛西汀临床应用研究进展马培奇文献标识码:A文章编号:1006—1533(2009)06—0254—03盐酸度洛西汀(duloxetinehydroehloride/Cymbaha,以下简称为度洛西汀)是EliLilly公司开发的一个5一羟色胺和去甲肾上腺索再摄取抑制剂…。
5一羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素均属中枢神经递质,在调控情感和对疼痛的敏度方面起着重要作用。
度洛西汀能够抑制神经元对5一羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素的再摄取,由此提高这两种中枢神经递质在大脑和脊髓中的浓度,故可用于治疗某些心境疾病如抑郁症和焦虑症以及缓解中枢性疼痛如糖尿病外周神经病性疼痛和妇女纤维肌痛等。
度洛西汀也能作用于尿道中的5一羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素受体,从而增强尿道括约肌的神经性紧张程度和收缩能力,所以对妇女应激性尿失禁症治疗也有效。
度洛西汀为口服肠溶胶囊制剂,2004年8月首次在美国获得批准后,现已在70余个国家上市。
度洛西汀2006年的全球销售额即超过13亿美元,2007年和2008年的销售额又分别大幅增至2l亿和27亿美元,是近年世界范围内销售额增长最快的药物之一。
本文介绍度洛西汀的临床应用研究进展。
1成人严重抑郁症急性和维持治疗2004年8月和12月,美国和欧盟分别批准度洛西汀治疗成人严重抑郁症。
这是度洛西汀正式获准临床应用的第一个适应证。
两项总计包括512例受试者的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照关键研究心j1显示,度洛西汀一日1次60nag治疗9wk能较安慰剂显著降低《17项目汉密尔顿抑郁评级量表(tlDRS一17)》总得分,且用药1wk后即显著改善抑郁症状。
另一项对478例中国、韩国等国严重抑郁症患者进行的研究”’证实,度洛西汀一日1次60mg治疗减轻抑郁症状的疗效至少类于目前最常用的选择性5一羟色胺再摄取抑制荆之一帕罗西汀(paroxetine/Paxii)20mg/d,同时副反应更少(小),且不会引起患者体重增加和性功能障碍。
丙戊酸钠联合卡马西平致横纹肌溶解肝肾损害一例

丙戊酸钠联合卡马西平致横纹肌溶解肝肾损害一例发表时间:2015-12-15T14:56:24.947Z 来源:《航空军医》2015年6期供稿作者:许映华李伟王明伟李曙光[导读] 南通大学附属南通市第三人民医院放疗科临床医师应熟知其代谢特性及相互作用,并动态监测肝肾功能和血药浓度.南通大学附属南通市第三人民医院放疗科 226001 【关键词】丙戊酸钠;卡马西平;横纹肌溶解1、病例介绍患者,男,64岁,2014年2月因“肺癌伴颅内转移”于我科行颅内转移灶放射治疗。
治疗期间多次出现四肢强直抽搐伴大小便失禁,持续约30秒后自行缓解,考虑症状性癫痫,予加用丙戊酸钠片剂(湖南湘中制药批号130118 生产日期:2013.12.06)(0.4 tid)口服控制癫痫发作。
定期随访肝功能及血常规均正常,未再有癫痫发作,出院后未停用丙戊酸钠。
2014年7月7日患者因“腰骶椎转移引起神经病理性疼痛”再次来院治疗。
查肝肾功能均正常。
入院当日即予“盐酸羟考酮缓释片、卡马西平片(齐鲁制药批号:4100372LA 生产日期:2014.03.14)”镇痛治疗,为保证镇痛疗效,卡马西平逐渐加量致0.4 tid。
治疗后第9天起患者再次出现癫痫发作,同前相仿;次日出现“乏力伴四肢肌肉酸胀”,尿色明显加深。
体检:生命体征平稳,巩膜轻度黄染,四肢肌肉轻度肿胀。
相关检查:肝功能ALT 344U/L、AST 718U/L、ALB 36.7g/L、TBIL 65 umol/L、DBIL 48.4umol/L、IBIL 16.6umol/L,血常规:WBC 22.09 *10^9/L、NEUT%:88.2%、RBC:3.99、HGB118g/L、PLT 206*10^9/L,PT 17.8S。
肾功能UREA 27.3mmol/L、CREA 286.4umol/L。
尿常规提示血红蛋白尿。
结合患者病情,血常规红细胞水平正常,不考虑溶血,高度怀疑横纹肌溶解。
药理学常用术语和常用药物英文名

药理学常用术语和常用药物英文名药理学常用术语和常用药物英文名药理学pharmacology药物效应动力学pharmacodynamics药物代谢动力学pharmacokinetics被动转运passive transport简单扩散simple diffusion离子障iontrapping载体转运carrier-mediated transport选择性selectivity饱和性saturability竞争性抑制competitive inhibition主动转运active transport易化扩散facilitated diffusion吸收absorption首关消除first pass elimination分布distribution游离型药物free drug再分布redistribution血脑屏障blood-brain barrier胎盘屏障placental barrier药物的转化transformation药物代谢metabolism细胞色素P450 crytochrome P450 , CY P450开放性一室模型one-compartment open model开放性二室模型 tow-compartment open model一级消除动力学first-order elimination kinetics消除速率常数elimination rate constant零级消除动力学zero-order elimination kinetics峰浓度peak concentration , Cmax达峰时间peak time ,T max曲线下面积area under curve , AUC半衰期half life , t1/2清除率clearance,CL表观分布容积apparent volume of distribution,Vd生物利用度bioavailability药物作用drug action药理效应pharmacological effect兴奋excitation抑制inhibition疗效therapeutic effect对因治疗etiological treatment对症治疗symptomatic treatment不良反应adverse reaction药源性疾病drug-induced disease副反应side reaction毒性反应toxic reaction后遗效应residual effect停药反应withdrawal reaction变态反应allergic reaction剂量-效应关系dose-effect relationship量反应graded response最小有效量minimal effective dose最大效应maximal effective, Emax效能efficacy效价强度potency质反应quantal response半数有效量median effective dose , ED50 治疗指数therapeutic index, TI半数致死量median lethal does, LD50药物的作用机制mechanism of action配体ligand自体活性物质autacoid灵敏性sensitivity特异性specificity可逆性reversibility亲和力affinity内在活性intrinsic activity完全激动药full agonist部分激动药partial agonist竞争性拮抗药competitive antagonist非竞争性拮抗药noncompetitive antagonist 受体脱敏receptor desensitization受体增敏receptor hypersensitization药物相互作用drug interaction特异质反应idiocyncrasy安慰剂placebo耐受性tolerance耐药性drug resistance依赖性dependence生理依赖性physiological dependence躯体依赖性physical dependence精神依赖性psychological dependence停药症状withdrawal symptoms停药综合征withdrawal syndrome自主神经系统autonomic nervous system 胆碱能神经cholinergic nerve去甲肾上腺素能神经noradrenergic nerve乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase ,AchE单胺氧化酶mono-anine oxidase,MAO胆碱受体激动药cholinoceptor agonists乙酰胆碱acetylcholine毛果芸香碱pilocarpine新斯的明neostigmine吡斯的明pyridostigmine碘解磷定pralidoxime iodide,派姆,PAM氯解磷定pralidoxime chloride,PAM-ClM胆碱受体阻断药cholinoceptor blocking drugs阿托品atropine山莨菪碱anisodamine东莨菪碱scopolamine后阿托品homatropine溴丙胺太林propantheline bromide肾上腺素受体激动药adrenoceptor agonists去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline, NA; norepinephrine, NE 肾上腺素adrenaline,epinephrine多巴胺dopamine,DA异丙肾上腺素isoprenaline肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenoceptor blocking drugs酚妥拉明phentolamine哌唑嗪prazosin普萘洛尔propranolol普鲁卡因procaine利多卡因lidocaine丁卡因tetracaine镇静催眠药sedative-hypnotics地西泮diazepam三唑仑triazolam水合氯醛chloral hydrate苯巴比妥钠phenibarbital sodium异戊巴比妥amobarbital苯妥英钠phenytion sodium卡马西平carbamazepine乙琥胺ethosuximide硫酸镁magmesium sulfate抗精神病药antipsychotic drugs抗躁狂症药antimanic drugs抗抑郁症药antidepressants氯氮平clozapine利培酮risperidone氯丙嗪chlorpromazine米帕明imipramine吗啡morphine哌替啶pethidine度冷丁dolantin美沙酮methadone丁丙诺啡buprenorphine镇痛药analgesics解热镇痛抗炎药antipyretic- analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs 阿司匹林aspirin对乙酰氨基酚acetaminophen吲哚美辛indomethacin钙通道阻滞药calcium channel blockers钙拮抗药calcium antagonists硝苯地平nifedipine尼群地平nitrendipine氨氯地平amlodipine地尔硫卓diltiazem维拉帕米verapamil心律失常arrhythmia胺碘酮amiodarone肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensin system, RAS卡托普利captopril依那普利enalapril氯沙坦losartan依白沙坦erbesartan利尿药Diuretics呋塞米furosemide布美他尼bumetanide氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氯噻嗪chlorothiazide吲哒帕胺indapamide螺内酯spironolactone脱水药dehydrant agents甘露醇manmitol硝普钠sodium nitroprusside充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure, CHF地高辛digoxin毛花苷丙cedilanide毒毛花苷K strophanthin K安力农armrinone心绞痛angina pectoris硝酸甘油nitroglycerin抗凝血药anticoagulants肝素heparin双香豆素dicoumarol链激酶streptokinase尿激酶urokinase氨甲苯酸aminomethylbenzoic acid, PAMBA双嘧达莫dipyridamole维生素K vitamin K硫酸亚铁ferrous sulfate右旋糖酐铁iron dextran叶酸folic acid维生素B12 vitamin B12右旋糖酐dextran苯海拉明diphenhydramine异丙嗪promethazine扑尔敏chlorpheniramine阿司咪唑astemizole平喘药antiasthmatic drugs镇咳药antitussives祛痰药expectorants沙丁胺醇salbutamol特布他林terbutaline氨茶碱aminophylline异丙托溴铵ipratropium bromide色甘酸二钠disodium cromoglycate,SCG西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine奥美拉唑omeprazole替仑西平telenzepine米索前列醇misoprostol恩前列素enprostil缩宫素oxytocin地诺前列酮dinoprostone地诺前列素dinoprost, PGF2α麦角新碱ergometrine, ergonovine糖皮质激素glucocorticoids泼尼松prednisone泼尼松龙prednisolone甲基泼尼松meprednione曲安西龙triamcinolone地塞米松dexamethasone倍他米松betamethasone允许作用permissive action丙硫氧嘧啶propylthiouracil, PTU甲巯咪唑thiamazole卡比马唑carbimazole复方碘溶液liguor iodine Co糖尿病diabetes mellitus正规胰岛素regular insulin, RI低精蛋白锌胰岛素neutral protamine Hagedorn, NPH精蛋白锌胰岛素protamine zinc insulin, PZI罗格列酮rosiglitazone吡格列酮pioglitazone格列本脲glyburide格列吡嗪glipizide格列齐特gliclazide甲福明metformin苯乙福明phenformin阿卡波糖acarbose化学治疗chemotherapy抗菌药物antibacterial drugs抗生素antibiotics抗菌谱antibacterial spectrum抗菌活性antibacterial activity最低抑菌浓度minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC 最低杀菌浓度minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC 化学指数chemotherapeutic index抗菌后效应post-antibiotic effect, PAEβ-内酰胺类抗生素β-lactam antibiotics青霉素结合蛋白penicillin-binding proteins, PBPs青霉素G penicillin G青霉素V penicillin V苯唑西林oxacillin双氯西林dicloxacillin氨苄西林ampicillin阿莫西林、amoxicillin羧苄西林carbenicillin头孢唑啉cefazolin头孢氨苄cefalexin头孢呋辛cefurocime头孢孟多cefamandole头孢噻肟cefotaxime头孢曲松ceftriaxone头孢他定ceftazedime头孢匹罗cefpirome头孢吡肟cefepime红霉素erythromycin克拉霉素clarithromycin罗红霉素roxithromycin乙酰螺旋霉素acetylspiramycin克林霉素clindamycin万古霉素yancomycin多粘菌素B polymyxin B链霉素streptomycin庆大霉素gentamicin奈替米星netilmicin阿米卡星amikacin四环素tetracycline土霉素tetramycin多西环素doxycycline氯霉素chloramphenicol诺氟沙星norfloxacin环丙沙星ciprofloxacin氧氟沙星ofloxacin司氟沙星sparfloxacin磺胺嘧啶sulfadiazine, SD磺胺甲噁唑sulfamethoxazole,SMZ甲氧苄啶trimethoprim,TMP甲硝唑metronidazole齐多夫定zidovudine阿苷洛韦aciclovir碘苷idoxuridine利巴韦林ribavirin两性霉素B amphotericin B酮康唑ketoconazole伊曲康唑itraconazole氟康唑fluconazole异烟肼isoniazid利福平rifampicin乙胺丁醇ethambutol对氨基水杨酸钠sodium para-aminosalicylate全国医学英语统考医学英语词汇表(精选)mammal/'maemal/n.哺乳动物augment/o:g 'ment/V.扩大;增长hypotenson /,haipeu 'pleizj9/n.低血压decubitus/dr kju:bites/n.褥疮gangrene/'geerjgri'n/n.坏疽muscle/'mAS(9)I/n.肌肉;体力v.用力挤着,真诚indication /indi'kei』an/n.指示;指出;表示;指征;暗示迹象;适应证myopia/mai'aupie/n.近视naprapathy/ndpreepeBi/n.推拿疗法;矫正疗法chromosome/'kreumaseum/n.染色体preparation 4prepa'rei,an/n.准备,预备;制剂,制备品deform/di:'fo:m/v.损坏…的形状,使…变形narcotic/na:'kotik/a.麻醉的immunodeficiency /,irajunoudi'fi』ansi/n.免疫缺陷;免疫缺损cholesterol/ke'lestereul,一roy n.胆固醇gallstone/'go:lsteun/n.胆石mothball/'moB,bo:l,n.卫生球;樟脑球premature/prematjua/a.早熟的;不到期的n.早产的婴儿cosmetic/koz'metik/n.化妆品a.化妆用的,美容的molecule/moli kju:mau-/n.分子;克分子;微小颗粒preoperative/'pri:'operativ/a.手术前的cerebellum/,seri'belam/n.小脑mortal/'mo:tl/a.致命的;终有一死的;人世问的,凡人的n.凡人immunolocjy /,imju'nolad3 i/n.免疫学nausea/’no:Sj9/n.恶心;晕船isotope /'aiseuteup/n.同位素gynecology /g ain i ' k o l a d 3 i/n.妇科学defecate/’defikeit/v.澄清,净化;排粪,通大便ginger/'d3ind3e/n.生姜;活力ileum /iliam/n.回肠narcotherapy以na:kau"8erepi/n.麻醉疗法;睡眠疗法infarct /in'fa:kt/n.梗死imbalance /im'baelens/n.不平衡;失调metastasis Ima'taestasis/n.转移;转移灶;转移瘤gland/glaend/n.腺medicolegal I',medikau'li:gal/a.法医学的deformation/di:fo:’meifan/n.形状损坏;变形;畸形medial/'mi:djal/a.中间的;内侧的;近中的glossal/'glo:seI/a.舌的nasal/'neizal/a.鼻的;鼻音的strut/'strAt/v.肿胀,鼓起;大摇大摆地走;炫耀;支撑;撑开n.高视阔步;支柱,撑杆vaccine/'vaeksi:n/a.牛痘的;痘苗的n.牛痘苗;疫苗closure/'klau3e/n.关闭罩子stethoscope/'steeeskaup/n.听诊器workup/'wa'k^p/n.病情的检查genital/'d3enitl/a.生殖的;生殖器的varix/'vseriks/n.静脉曲张deferent/'deferent/a.输送的;输出的;输精的ileus /ilias/n.肠梗阻genus /'d3i:nasl n.类;属inertia /i'ne:na/n.惯性;不活动;无力defervescence /, d i f a ' v e s n s/n.退热embolism/'embalizem/n.栓塞medicine/'medsin,一disin/n.内服药;医药;医学;医术;内科学v.给…用药giddy/'gidi/a.头晕的;眼花缭乱的;轻浮的miscarriage/mis'k~erid3/n.失败;误投;小产;流产,堕胎globular/'glo bjula/a.球状的;有小球的m i s b i r t h/' m i s ' b a:日/n.堕胎;流产geriatric/Jd3eri'aetrik/a.老年病学的;老年的,衰老的mitigate/'mitigeit/V.缓和;镇静;安慰;减轻gorge/g0d3/n.咽喉;胃;暴食;山峡v.塞饱;狼吞虎咽地吃hallucination/halu:si'nei f an/n.幻觉hatch/heatJ/v.孵,孵化;策划,图谋n.孵化,结果n.舱口,小门germ Id3a:ml n.细菌;病菌;胚芽germicide/'d3e:misaid/n.杀菌剂molten/'maultan/a.熔化的;熔融的numb/ham/a.麻木的;失去感觉的obesitv/au'bisiti/n.肥胖症heat-stroke /' h i:t ' s t r a u k/n.中暑gram—negative/graem’negetiv/a.革兰阴性isolation /aisau'lei,an/v.隔离;孤立;脱离;分离groove /g r u:v/n.槽,沟,纹v.开槽occult/。
右佐匹克隆片作用机理

右佐匹克隆片作用机理1. 引言右佐匹克隆片(Risperidone)是一种抗精神病药物,属于第二代抗精神病药物。
它主要用于治疗精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和自闭症等精神障碍。
本文将详细介绍右佐匹克隆片的作用机理,包括其药理学特点、受体亲和性以及对大脑功能的影响。
2. 药理学特点右佐匹克隆片是一种多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂,同时也具有5-羟色胺2A(5-HT2A)受体拮抗作用。
它通过调节多巴胺和5-羟色胺的水平来产生治疗效果。
2.1 多巴胺D2受体拮抗作用多巴胺是一种神经递质,与精神分裂症的发生密切相关。
在正常情况下,多巴胺通过与多巴胺D2受体结合,传递信号并调节神经活动。
而在精神分裂症患者中,多巴胺水平过高,导致神经传递过程异常增强。
右佐匹克隆片通过与多巴胺D2受体结合并拮抗其作用,降低多巴胺信号的传递效果。
这种拮抗作用可以减少多巴胺的过度活跃,从而改善精神分裂症的症状。
2.2 5-羟色胺2A受体拮抗作用5-羟色胺是另一种重要的神经递质,与情绪调节和认知功能密切相关。
在精神分裂症患者中,5-羟色胺水平也存在异常。
右佐匹克隆片具有5-羟色胺2A受体拮抗作用,可以调节5-羟色胺信号的传递。
这种拮抗作用有助于恢复5-羟色胺系统的平衡,从而改善情绪和认知功能。
3. 右佐匹克隆片的受体亲和性右佐匹克隆片对不同受体具有不同程度的亲和力,在临床上起到了治疗精神障碍的效果。
3.1 多巴胺D2受体右佐匹克隆片对多巴胺D2受体具有高亲和力,这是其主要的作用机制之一。
通过拮抗多巴胺D2受体,右佐匹克隆片可以减少多巴胺信号的传递,从而改善精神分裂症的阳性症状。
3.2 5-羟色胺2A受体右佐匹克隆片对5-羟色胺2A受体也具有高亲和力。
这种亲和力使得右佐匹克隆片能够调节5-羟色胺系统的功能,并改善情绪和认知功能。
3.3 其他受体除了多巴胺D2受体和5-羟色胺2A受体,右佐匹克隆片还对其他多巴胺和5-羟色胺受体具有一定的亲和力,如多巴胺D1、D3、D4、5-羟色胺1A、1B、6等。
神经妥乐平治疗痛性糖尿病神经病变的疗效分析

神经妥乐平治疗痛性糖尿病神经病变的疗效分析孔凡明济宁市兖州区铁路医院神经内科,山东济宁272100[摘要]目的探究神经妥乐平治疗痛性糖尿病神经病变的疗效。
方法选取济宁市兖州区铁路医院2020年1月—2022年6月收治的60例痛性糖尿病周围神经病变(painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, PDPN)患者作为研究对象。
采取随机数表法分为对照组、研究组,每组30例。
对照组予以口服卡马西平片治疗,研究组在基础治疗基础上加用神经妥乐平静脉注射治疗。
对比两组临床疗效。
结果研究组治疗效果、神经传导速度均优于对照组,且TSS评分低于对照组,疼痛缓解时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗过程中均无明显不良反应发生。
结论神经妥乐平治疗DPN疗效确切、安全性较高,可改善患者神经传导速度及疼痛程度、缓解时间。
[关键词] 神经妥乐平;痛性糖尿病神经病变;疗效[中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-4062(2023)04(b)-0178-04 Efficacy of Neurotropin in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy KONG FanmingDepartment of Neurology, Yanzhou District Railway Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, 272100 China [Abstract] Objective To explore the efficacy of Neurotropin in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy.Methods 60 patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) who were admitted to Yanzhou District Railway Hospi‐tal from January 2020 to June 2022 are selected as the study objects. Random number table method was used to di‐vide 30 cases into control group and 30 cases into study group. The control group was treated with oral carbamazepine tablets, while the study group was treated with intravenous injection of neurotropin on the basis of basic treatment. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared.Results The treatment effect and nerve conduction velocity of the study group were better than those of the control group, and the TSS score was lower than that of the control group, and the pain relief time was shorter than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); no obvious adverse reactions occurred in the two groups during the treatment.Conclusion Neurotropin has a definite therapeutic effect and high safety in the treatment of DPN, which can improve the patient´s nerve conduction velocity, pain level, and relief time.[Key words] Neurotropin; Painful diabetic neuropathy; Curative effect糖尿病神经病变发生率约占糖尿病的20%,痛性糖尿病周围神经病变(painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, PDPN)发病率为13%~26%。
丁苯酞辅助治疗对老年痴呆症患者的疗效

国际精神病学杂志JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL PSYCHIATRY 2021年第48卷第1期丁苯酞辅助治疗对老年痴呆症患者的疗效库丽【摘要】目的探讨丁苯酞辅助治疗对老年痴呆症患者的疗效及其可能的机制。
方法本研究 对象为2018年1月〜2019年8月我院收治的88例老年痴呆症患者,按照数字表法随机均分为两组,每组44人,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在此基础上联合丁苯酞治疗:比较两组患者治疗前后病理 行为评分表(BEHA V E-A D)、生活能力量表(A D1J、简易精神状况检查表(MMSE )等量表,检测 和比较血清淀粉样蛋白(A0)水平,血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(G S H-P x)、丙二醛(M D A)、超氧 化物歧化酶(S O D)等氧化应激指标,内皮素(ET-丨)、血管内皮生长因子(V E G F)等血管内皮功能 指标结果治疗后两组A D L评分、M M SE评分均升高,血清A)3水平、BEHA V E-A D评分均降低,且治疗后观察组各项指标均优于对照组(尸<0.05);治疗后两组血清G S H-P x、S O D水平升高,MDA 水平降低,且治疗后观察组各项指标均优于对照组(P<〇.〇5 );治疗后两组血清E T-1水平均降低,V E G F水平均升高,且治疗后观察组各项指标均优于对照组(/5<0.05)结论 丁苯酞辅助治疗能够 更有效的提升老年痴呆症患者的认知及生活能力,可能与其促进血清水平降低,减轻氧化应激,提升血管内皮功能有关,【关键词】丁苯酞;老年痴呆症;血清淀粉样蛋白;氧化应激;血管内皮功能【中图分类号】R742.5【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1673-2952 ( 2〇21) 01-0〇62-〇4The effect of butylphthalide in patients with senile dementiaKLJ Li.Department o f Pharm acy,Xinyang Central Hospital^Xinyang464000, China【Abstract 】Objective To explore the effect of butylphthalide in patients with senile dementia and its mechanism.Methods Eighty-eighl patients with senile dementia in our hospital from January2018 to August2019 were selected and randomly divided into tw o groups by the number table method,44 case in each group.The control group was given conventional treatment,and the observation group was added butylphthalide.Pathological behavior score scale (BEHA VE-AD),living ability scale (ADL),simple m ental status checklist (MMSE)and other scales were com- pareri between the tw o groups before and after treatment.Serum amyloifl/3 (A j3 )level,detection of semm Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide rlismutase (SOD)and other oxidative stress indicators, Endothelin (ET—1 ),vascular endothelial growth factor (VE(j F)and other indicators of vascular endothelial function were were compared between the tw o groups before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the ADL score and MMSE score of the tw o groups were significantly increased,and the serum A/3level and BEHA VE-AD score were significantly reduced,and the observation group was better than the control group (P<0.05 ) .After treatment,the serum CSH-Px and SOD levels in the tw o groups increased,while the M DA level decreased,the observation group was better than the control group(P<0.05 ) .After treatment,the serum ET-1levels of the two groups were significantly redurerl,and the VEGF levels were significantly increased,the observation group was better than the control group(P<0.05 ). Conclusion Butylphthalide adjuvant treatment can effectively improve the cognition and life ability in patients with senile dementia,whirh may he related to promoting the redurtion o f‘s erum Aj3 level,reducing oxidative stress,and irri|)roving vascular endothelial function.【Key words 】Butylphthalide;Senile dementia;Semni B-A m yloi(i protein;Oxidative stress;Vascular endothelial function[作者工作单位]信阳市中心医院药学科(信阳,464000 )。
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• Maintenance period of 3 weeks, longer if suggested by RCTs
• Drug specific • Poorly related to drug half-life • Challenge in neuropathic pain
Treatment Paradigm
• Drug classes proven by RCT
TCA SNRI Alpha-2-delta ligands Opioids Topical lidocaine Sodium channel blockers
• Monotonous (single drug)
peripheral blocks or ablative procedures • Motor cortex stimulation
Pain Relief
• 30-50% pain relief may not correlate with Patient Global Impression of change (PGIC)
Dosage
• Tolerable dose vs therapeutic dose (serum levels vs empiric recommendations)
• Combinations may reduce the tolerable dose
Duration
• Maximum tolerable dose and duration of time to see maximum benefit
Tools for Neuropathic Pain
• Neuropathic pain questionnaire, Leeds assessment of neuropathic signs and symptoms Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory
• Definite NP, possible NP, unlikely NP • Definite NP had greater pain intensity • Definite NP had greater opioid escalation
index
Mercadante 2009
Differences Between Peripheral and Central Neuropathic Pain
• Less evidence for central pain syndromes • Differences in drug classes (cannabinoids) • Central pain syndromes do not respond to
Attal 2006 Dworkin 2007
Despite advances in research and clinical trials, a considerable number of individuals do not get relief
NNT- 3-5 for most drugs
Management of Neuropathic Pain
Mellar P Davis MASCC ,June 2009
Pharmacological treatment of neurologic pain relies on evidence from large randomized controlled trials
TCA contraindication
no
TCA (SNRI)
Gabapentin / pregabalin
Tramadol, oxycodone
‘Numbers Need to Treat’ Calculated for Various Drug Classes in the Treatment of Painful Nepathic pain
yes Postherpetic neuralgia no and focal neuropathy
Lidocaine patch
yes
Gabapentin / pregabalin
TCA
yes
contraindication
no
TCA (SNRI)
Baron 2006 Farrar 2001
Pain Relief
• Not “all or none” but continuous • Balance of pain relief, medication
burden, side effects, QOL, function • Artifact to use binomial outcomes
Baron 2006 Woolf 1998
It is unclear which laboratory pain responses are most strongly associated with the experience of pain in daily life
Edwards 2003
Response is defined as a “30-50% reduction in pain severity
empiric drug trials – “trial and error” choices based on mechanism gulf between empiricism and mechanistic drug choices
• Analgesia vs. function • Differential response on the several pain
mechanisms found in a single individual – Allodynia – Burning C fiber pain – Spontaneous pain