01_科技英语_科学研究&基本特点
科技英语的特点及翻译技巧
一、科技英语的特点
1、词汇特点
科技英语词汇具有专业性、精确性和简洁性。专业性指的是科技英语中大量使 用专业术语，这些术语通常具有明确的科学含义。精确性是指科技英语词汇的 选用力求准确，避免产生歧义。简洁性则是指科技英语倾向于使用复合词和缩 略词，以减少语言表达的冗余。
2、句法特点
科技英语句子结构通常较为复杂，多使用长句和被动语态。长句能够详细阐述 科学概念和原理，而被动语态则强调了客观性和准确性。此外，科技英语还经 常使用名词化结构（Noun Phrases）和定语从句（Adjective Clauses）等 语法结构，以增加信息的密度和清晰度。
科技英语的特点及翻译技巧
目录
01 一、科技英语的特点
03 参考内容
02
二、科技英语的翻译 技巧
随着全球化的加速和科技的发展，科技英语在当今社会中扮演着越来越重要的 角色。科技英语是一种专门用途英语（ESP），其特点主要表现在词汇、句法 和语境等方面。在翻译科技英语时，了解这些特点并掌握相应的翻译技巧是准 确传达信息的关键。
1、理解专业术语
科技文本中经常出现专业术语，因此理解这些术语是非常重要的。在翻译之前， 你应该了解相关的专业背景知识，以避免误解或误译。如果遇到不确定的术语， 可以查阅相关的专业词典或寻求专业人士强调客观事实。在翻译成中文时，应该尽量保 持这种被动语态的感觉，比如用“被”、“由”等词语来表达。同时，也应该 注意避免使用过多被动语态，以免使文本显得生硬不自然。
总之，科技英语的翻译需要结合其特点，灵活运用各种翻译技巧，以确保信息 的准确传递。通过不断提高自身的专业素养和语言能力，译者可以更好地服务 于读者，促进不同语言之间的科技交流与合作。
参考内容
科技英语翻译是一项重要的语言技能，它需要准确、客观、精练地表达原始信 息。由于科技文本的特殊性，如专业术语、长句、被动语态等，给翻译工作带 来了一定的挑战。以下是一些有用的技巧，可以帮助大家更好地进行科技英语 翻译：
科技英语的重要性
Importance of technology english科技英语的重要性Technology English is essential for you . it is to necessary to communicate any new findings,achievements, ideas and predictions to other scientists, governments and general public .this need has led to a huge range of the literature being dedicated to science. results of scientific research are often documented and communicates through international journals ,a vast majority of which are in English. In fact, more than 90% of scientific articles are written in English, even though only half of them come from authors in English-speaking countries. this means nearly all scientific research is communicated through English regardless of the nationality of the researchers. certainly the most reputable international journals are in English ,therefore if you want to read the best science articles ,you must know how to read in English ,and if you want to write the results of your research to an international audience, then your article must be in English .publishing in an English-language journal allows a broader readership and better recognition. if you publish your article in Chinese, then only Chinese people can read your work. if you are an active scientist who wants to either develop or retain a reputation in your area of research ,you have a greater chance of achieving this if you can present, write and discuss your topic in English. Even if you are not directly involved in research, it is likely that in your work you will encounter books written in English. If you are a graduate student ,you would be required to summarize your thesis or dissertations in English .科技英语对于你来说是必要的。
关于科技的英语作文精选5篇
关于科技的英语作文精选5篇科学技术是社会发展的原动力。
没有他们，人类社会的发展永远无法从原始社会到现代社会。
下面给大家分享一些关于科技的英语作文，希望对大家有帮助。
关于科技的英语作文1In the modern time, the growth of technology is increasingly developed. More and more people don’t use their brains when there is no need to use other instruments. Too much people use technology so that people are lazier and less healthy than before. They rely on technology too much.Some believe that modern technology shorten the distance of human. For instance, people all use cellphone to call friends or family, or computer to search information, or use QQ, MSN, twitter, blog etc. These modern instruments shorten the distance between human.However, others think that it’s just the reverse. Technology makes people use less face-to-face communication. The contact in real life is less and less. People do less interaction to each other. In the long term, people will get depressed without enough communication.As far as I’m concerned, modern tec hnology provides convenience to people. It makes people easily to get information. Only could we use it correctly, it does much contribution to us.关于科技的英语作文2Science and technology have been bringing human beings tremendous benefits. Thanks to science and technology, we now live comfortably and conveniently in houses furnished with air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and televisions etc. Thanks to science and technology, we can eat fresh vegetables atthe year round. Thanks to science and technology, we can travel long distances in the fraction of a second on planes, trains and cars. Thanks to science and technology, we wear clothes with synthetic materials which can not easily be worn out.However, science and technology have atso brought us a lot of disasters. First, because of the many breakthroughs in the field of medicine, people are now living much longer than they used to. As a result, the population of the world is increasing, causing lots of problems. Second, because of the development of industry, lots of the wastes from factories pour into the air and rivers, causing pollution of all kinds. Third, some terrorists are using science and technology against mankind. They use biological, chemical and unclear weapons to threaten world peace...So it's urgent that we find ways to solve these problems. But we should not stop the development of science and technology because of these disasters they bring, just as we should not give up eating for fear of choking. In addition, we should make some rules to regulate our actions. As long as we use science and technology in a proper way, they may bring us even more benefits.关于科技的英语作文3Here is a difference between science and technology.Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools,techniques, and procedures for implementing the findings of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth with the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay heed to their own or other people's likes or dislikes, or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people--as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the option of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology;we do not have the option of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft-flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air. Unlike science, progress in technology must be our slave and not the reverse. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve peopie--people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.We are all familiar with the abuses of technology. Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion and even social decay in general--so much so that the promise of technology is obscured. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will?关于科技的英语作文421st century is the century of technology. Nowadays, technology is everywhere around us. The development of technology has a significant affact toward the society. Several technologies that we usually use are the internet, computer, and cellphone. These new technologies make our life much easier and better.First, the development of computer changes our life. Decades ago, people needed to do lots of complex calculation on hand because they did not have computer, and more obvious, they did not have the software for calculation. As the result of that, people spent hours on the equations that a computer can solve in just a minute. Since the development of computer, people are able to use some kind of software to compute lots of complex functions and mathematical calculation. Computer becomes the most helpful equipment for the sciencists because they can use their time more efficiently.Also, internet is another useful tool for us today. The development of internet brings a great impact toward the society. Instead of going to library and fliping all the books to figure out some information, we can just simply use a mouse and click on the website to do research. The internet leads us to a place where we can find unlimited information and resources. It makes our life much easier and better.The last technology is cellphone. Nowadays, many people have a cellphone. But it just appears on the market for about 10 years. It is very convenience to the users because we can talk to anyone we want with a phone as small as a wallet. Also, we can communicate with others by making a phone call instead of sending letters. It is very fast and useful way to communicate.In conclusion, I believe the development of technology brings significant impact to our life. It is very helpful to us and I believe technology will keep improving in future.关于科技的英语作文5The advent of modern technology brings a substantial impact on the whole world. It not only boosts the economy, but also changes the people’s conception on the world. It alsoincreases global communication among countries. In my opinion, modern technology is creating a single world culture in that such technology as computer and internet is bringing people together and making the world get smaller.First of all, modern technology promotes the globe to frequently use one language. The invention of computers and Internet promotes English to be a global language and dominate in the communication worldwide. Since language is the agent of culture, the worldwide use of English fosters more and more minds thinking alike.Beside s, the development of the internet brings people’s life style into uniform. The availability of Internet makes people have a lot in common, such as access to information, online shopping or payment. People from all over the world are doing the same thing each day on the Internet, and their living habit is becoming closer and closer with each passing day.Based on the points discussed above, it is obvious that modern technology is creating a single world culture.。
学科专业代码名称研究方向
04青年心理学040203应用心理学01学校心理咨询02健康心理学03营销心理学5①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③314普通心理学、实验心理学④403咨询心理学、健康心理学或404咨询心理学、营销心理学含计划外3人营销心理学方向招跨学科考生，仅限经济类。
同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①人格心理学②社会心理学复试科目：发展心理学120403教育经济与管理01学校管理的理论与实践02教育行政与政策法规03教育经济学04教育评价理论与实践11①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③315教育学原理、管理学原理④405教育管理学含计划外6人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国教育史②外国教育史复试科目：教育评价学、教育经济学102政法学院010101马克思主义哲学01社会哲学研究02文化哲学研究03西方马克思主义哲学研究04科学技术哲学研究05逻辑学研究7410①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③316马克思主义哲学原理及其经典著作④406中国哲学与外国哲学含计划外5人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①伦理学②现代西方哲学复试科目：马克思主义认识论010102中国哲学01中西哲学比较02中国生命哲学研究03中国政治哲学研究04中国现当代哲学研究4①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③317中国哲学④407马克思主义哲学与西方哲学含计划外2人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①伦理学②中国古代史复试科目：马克思主义认识论010105伦理学01伦理学原理02西方伦理思想研究03生命伦理学研究04经济伦理学研究2①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③318伦理学原理④406中国哲学与外国哲学含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①马克思主义哲学原理②现代西方哲学复试科目：马克思主义认识论030103宪法学与行政法学01行政法理论与实务02经济行政法03宪法与法律制度10①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③319行政法与行政诉讼法④408法学综合（宪法、民法、经济法）含计划外5人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①法理学②法学概论复试科目：比较行政学030201政治学理论01中国社会主义政治研究02比较政治学03国外政治思潮研究10①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③320政治学原理④409中国政治制度含计划外5人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①邓小平理论概论②法学基础理论复试科目：国际政治学030203科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动01当代世界社会主义运动2①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③321科学社会主义原理④410邓小平理论概论含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①法学基础理论②政治学原理复试科目：国际政治学030204★中共党史01毛泽东思想、邓小平理论研究02当代中国史研究03中国政党与中国政治研究04中共对外关系史研究10①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③322中国现代史④411毛泽东与邓小平理论含计划外5人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①政治学原理②马克思主义哲学复试科目：中共党史030205马克思主义理论与思想政治教育01思想政治教育研究4①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③323哲学与政治经济学（资本主义部分）④412当代中国马克思主义与思教含计划外2人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①政治学原理②马克思主义思想政治教育著作复试科目：思想政治教育原理030206国际政治01国际政治理论研究02国际关系史研究6①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③320政治学原理④413战后国际关系史含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①法学基础理论②邓小平理论概论复试科目：国际政治学030301社会学01社会学基本理论与方法02传播社会学03教育社会学04女性社会学05城市社区管理06城市社区管理研究8①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③324社会学原理④414中西社会思想史含计划外4人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①马克思主义哲学②伦理学复试科目：马克思主义认识论040102课程与教学论01思想政治学科教学论2①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③325思想政治学科教学论④415教学论（含课程）含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①邓小平理论②德育原理复试科目：思想政治教育原理120401行政管理01行政管理理论与实践02公共政策研究03公共人力资源管理6①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③326行政管理学④416管理学理论含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①人事行政学②行政法学复试科目：公共管理学103经济学院020101政治经济学01中国市场经济理论与实践02马克思主义经济学的发展03现代企业制度构建与企业管理04经济运行与宏观调控05《资本论》与当代经济346①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③304数学四④417西方经济学、政治经济学含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①西方经济学说史②发展经济学复试科目：市场经济理论020105世界经济01东亚经济02国际货币制度03国际贸易理论与实务04国际金融理论8①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③304数学四④418国际贸易、国际金融、西方经济学含计划外4人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①西方经济学说史②发展经济学复试科目：世界经济概论020202区域经济学01区域经济理论与实践02区域金融研究03中国东北地区经济发展研究04国际区域经济05城市经济研究6①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③304数学四④419发展经济学、西方经济学含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①西方经济学说史②财政学复试科目：区域经济概论020203财政学（含税收学）01财政理论与实务02税收理论与实务03国际税收理论与实务6①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③304数学四④420财政学、中国税制、国际税收学含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①政府预算②税收学复试科目：财税基础理论020204金融学（含保险学）01国际金融学02中央银行理论与实务03商业银行经营管理理论04保险学理论与实务05金融市场理论8①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③304数学四④421货币银行学、国际金融学含计划外4人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①西方经济学说史②社会主义市场经济理论复试科目：保险学、证券投资学104文学院040102课程与教学论01中学语文教学论706①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③327语文教育学④415教学论（含课程）含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①现代汉语②文学概论复试科目：写作050101文艺学01文艺美学02文艺批评03西方文论04文学创作理论05文学文体论06文艺传播12①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③328文学理论④422美学含计划外6人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①写作②中国现当代文学史复试科目：中国文学史（中国古代文学史、中国现当代文学史）050103汉语言文字学01汉字学02汉语史03现代汉语12①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③329现代汉语（含语言学概论）④423古代汉语含计划外6人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国现当代文学史②中国古代文学史复试科目：古代文献阅读050105★中国古代文学01先秦两汉文学02唐宋文学03元明清文学12①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③330中国古代文学史④423古代汉语含计划外6人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①文学理论②中国现当代文学史复试科目：文学理论050106★中国现当代文学01中国现代文学思潮研究02中国现代文学流派研究03中国现代各体文学研究12①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③328文学理论④424中国现当代文学史含计划外6人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国古代文学史②外国文学复试科目：中国现当代作家研究050108比较文学与世界文学01比较文学理论02欧美文学研究03日本文学、中日比较文学04中俄比较文学研究8①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③331比较文学理论④425外国文学史含计划外4人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国文学史（古代文学史、现当代文学史）②西方文论复试科目：当前比较文学理论探讨050302传播学01新闻传播理论与实务02新媒体传播03传媒与舆论04编辑出版05广告传播8①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③332传播理论④426新闻理论与实务含计划外4人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①新闻学②新闻写作与作品分析复试科目：新闻理论105历史文化学院060101★史学理论及史学史01史学理论及西方史学史02史学理论及中国史学史746①101政治②201英语或202俄语③333西方史学史④427世界通史（二战以前）①101政治②201英语或202俄语③334中国史学史④428中国通史（鸦片战争以前）含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国通史②世界通史复试科目：与报考方向一致060102★考古学及博物馆学01文化遗产研究02自然博物馆研究4①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③335博物馆学基础④429普通生物学基础或430中国古代简史含计划外2人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国历史要籍或自然科技发展史选一②世界古代史或生态学选一复试科目：中国考古学、进化生物学060103历史地理学01历史人文地理02城市历史地理2①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③336中国历史要籍及选读④431中国古代史（先秦到明清）含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国近代史②世界古代史复试科目：中国历史地理060105★专门史01东北亚国际关系史02东北地方史03东亚思想史04日本史6①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③337中国近现代史④432世界近现代史（含当代史）或433中国古代史含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①东北亚国际关系史②东北地方史或中国古代思想史复试科目：与报考方向一致060106★中国古代史01先秦史02秦汉史03魏晋南北朝史04唐宋金元史05明清史18①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③336中国历史要籍及选读④431中国古代史（先秦到明清）含计划外9人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国近现代史②世界近现代史复试科目：与报考方向一致060107★中国近现代史01中国近代史02中国现代史03中国近现代文化史14①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③338中国近现代史（含国史）④432世界近现代史（含当代史）含计划外7人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国古代史（明清部分）②中国近现代史料学复试科目：与报考方向一致060108★世界史01世界上古史02世界中古史03世界近代史04世界现代史05美国史24①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③339世界史（到1945年）④435中国简史含计划外12人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①中国近代史②中国古代史复试科目：与报考方向一致106外国语学院040102课程与教学论01英语教学论70106①101政治②222二外俄语或223二外日语或224二外德语或225二外法语③340英语实践基础④415教学论（含课程）含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①英语语言学/文学②写作复试科目：口语、学科教学论02俄语教学论2①101政治②221二外英语或223二外日语或224二外德语或225二外法语③341俄语实践基础④415教学论（含课程）含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①俄语语法/文学②写作复试科目：口语、学科教学论03日语教学论2①101政治②221二外英语或222二外俄语或224二外德语或225二外法语③342日语实践基础④415教学论（含课程）含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①日语语学/文学②写作复试科目：口语、学科教学论050201★英语语言文学13①101政治②222二外俄语或223二外日语或224二外德语或225二外法语③340英语实践基础④436英语专业基础含计划外7人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①英美文学②写作复试科目：口语、英美文学050202俄语语言文学8①101政治②221二外英语或223二外日语或224二外德语或225二外法语③341俄语实践基础④437俄语专业基础含计划外4人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①俄语语法/文学②写作复试科目：口语、俄语语言文学050205★日语语言文学18①101政治②221二外英语或222二外俄语或224二外德语或225二外法语③342日语实践基础④438日语专业基础含计划外9人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①日语语学/文学②写作复试科目：口语、日语语言文学050211外国语言学及应用语言学21①101政治②222二外俄语或223二外日语或224二外德语或225二外法语③343英语实践基础或394商务英语④436英语专业基础含计划外10人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①英语语言学②写作复试科目：口语、英语语言学107音乐学院050402音乐学01歌唱艺术与教学研究02钢琴演奏与教学研究03音乐教育理论与教学研究04和声理论研究与教学05电脑音乐制作与教学研究06视唱练耳教学研究07中国音乐史论与教学研究08外国音乐史论与教学研究09民间音乐学与教学研究3229①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③344中外音乐史④439和声与曲式含计划外15人不招收同等学力、跨学科考生复试科目请在网上查询050408舞蹈学01舞蹈编导理论与技法研究3①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③345中外舞蹈史④440舞蹈理论与作品分析含计划外1人不招收同等学力、跨学科考生复试科目：命题编舞；编导理论（笔试）108美术学院050403美术学01油画02水彩画03国画04雕塑05版画06美术学3422①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③346美术史论④441素描、色彩含计划外11人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①素描肖像②色彩肖像复试科目：创作（命题）050404设计艺术学01平面设计艺术02环境设计艺术12①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③346美术史论④441素描、色彩含计划外6人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①图案设计②速写复试科目：设计（命题）109商学院020207劳动经济学01劳动力市场与人力资源配置02劳动就业与工资收入分配研究03失业与社会保障问题研究04劳资关系研究3010①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③304数学四④442市场经济理论、组织行为学、西方经济学含计划外5人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①人力资源开发与管理②财政学复试科目：劳动经济学120201会计学01财务会计理论02审计理论03财务管理10①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③304数学四④443财务会计、财务管理、审计含计划外5人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①基础会计学②成本会计学复试科目：财务会计实务120202企业管理01企业战略管理02现代市场营销理论与实务03财务管理10①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③303数学三④444管理学、市场营销学含计划外5人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①微观经济学②财政学复试科目：企业管理概论110马克思主义研究院010101马克思主义哲学01社会哲学02文化哲学404①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③316马克思主义哲学原理及其经典著作④406中国哲学与外国哲学含计划外2人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①马克思主义认识论②现代西方哲学复试科目：马克思主义哲学原理010108科学技术哲学01科学思想方法研究02可持续发展哲学研究03科学技术与社会研究4①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③347数学或348物理或349化学或350生物或351地理④446科学技术史含计划外2人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①马克思主义认识论②现代西方哲学复试科目：自然辨证法020101政治经济学01社会主义市场经济理论2①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③304数学四④447西方经济学原理、政治经济学（资）含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①西方经济学说史②发展经济学复试科目：社会主义经济理论020106人口、资源与环境经济学01人口、资源与环境经济协调发展研究02人口、资源与环境经济制度创新研究03中外行政管理制度研究2①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③304数学四④448政治经济学、发展经济学含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①社会主义经济理论②人力资源开发与管理复试科目：社会主义经济理论030202中外政治制度01中外代议制度研究02中外政党制度研究03中外行政管理制度研究2①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③320政治学原理④449当代中国政治制度含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①马克思主义哲学②当代世界经济与政治复试科目：比较政治制度030203科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动01当代世界社会主义运动02社会主义国家外交战略4①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③321科学社会主义原理④410邓小平理论概论含计划外2人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①法学基础理论②政治学理论复试科目：国际共产主义运动030204中共党史01国共关系与台湾问题研究02毛泽东思想与邓小平理论研究03当代中国史研究2①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③322中国现代史④411毛泽东与邓小平理论含计划外1人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①政治学理论②马克思主义哲学复试科目：中共党史030205★马克思主义理论与思想政治教育01中国共产党的基本理论研究02邓小平理论研究03国际关系理论与实践研究04哲学理论教育研究05思想政治教育研究06现代经济理论研究16①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③323哲学与政治经济学（资本主义部分）④412当代中国马克思主义与思教含计划外8人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①政治学理论②政治经济学（社会主义部分）复试科目：邓小平理论概论030206国际政治01战后日本政治02当代国际政治理论与实践4①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③352国际政治经济学④450国际关系史含计划外2人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①政治学理论②法学基础复试科目：国际政治121数学与统计学院040102课程与教学论706①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③353数学分析、高等代数④415教学论（含课程）含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①数学教育学②数学分析复试科目：数学教育学070101基础数学8①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③354数学分析④451高等代数与解析几何（100分）、实变函数（50分）含计划外4人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①数学分析②线性代数与解析几何复试科目：泛函分析、近世代数、点集拓扑070103★概率论与数理统计22①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③354数学分析④451高等代数与解析几何（100分）、实变函数（50分）含计划外11人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①概率论（第一册）②实变函数复试科目：概率论与数理统计070104★应用数学22①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③354数学分析④451高等代数与解析几何（100分）、实变函数（50分）含计划外11人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①常微分方程②泛函分析复试科目：泛函分析、常微分方程070105运筹学与控制论12①101政治②201英语或202俄语或203日语③354数学分析④451高等代数与解析几何（100分）、实变函数（50分）含计划外6人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①泛函分析②实变函数复试科目：泛函分析、偏微分方程122物理学院040102课程与教学论01中学物理教育02高等物理教育688①101政治②201英语或202俄语③355基础物理（量子力学、普物电磁学）④415教学论（含课程）含计划外4人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①理论力学②原子物理复试科目：力学、物理教学论070201理论物理01现代量子理论02群论在物理中的应用03非线性可积问题04非线性系统复杂性的研究05低维量子体系及物性研究14①101政治②201英语③356理论物理（热力学与统计物理、量子力学）④452普通物理（光学和电磁学）含计划外7人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①电动力学②原子物理复试科目：量子力学、电动力学070202粒子物理与原子核物理01实验核物理02核电子学03辐射技术04高电压技术6①101政治②201英语③357原子物理与电动力学④452普通物理（光学和电磁学）含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①电动力学②原子物理复试科目：量子力学、电动力学070205凝聚态物理01纳米材料物性02固体发光03薄膜物理04凝聚态理论8①101政治②201英语③358量子力学④452普通物理（光学和电磁学）含计划外4人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①固体物理②原子物理复试科目：固体物理、量子力学080501材料物理与化学01紫外发射材料与器件02功能纳米薄膜材料与物性03功能纳米纤维材料04信息功能材料10①101政治②201英语③302数学二④452普通物理（光学和电磁学）或453有机化学含计划外5人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①固体物理②无机化学复试科目：固体物理、无机化学080902电路与系统01非线性电路与系统02电子电路在生物医学中的应用03语音与图象信号高速处理的理论及应用04智能计算05功率电子学及应用18①101政治②201英语或203日语③359高等数学④454电子线路（模拟电路、数字电路）含计划外9人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①微机原理②接口技术复试科目：信号与系统、C程序设计082703核技术及应用01中子源物理及中子管技术02中子射线应用03核电子学04高电压技术05真空技术06信号及图象处理技术4①101政治②201英语③301数学一④452普通物理（光学和电磁学）含计划外2人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①力学②原子物理复试科目：量子力学、电动力学123化学学院040102课程与教学论01化学教学论786①101政治②201英语或203日语③360无机化学④415教学论（含课程）含计划外3人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①有机化学，②化学实验教学论复试科目：化学新课程概论070301★无机化学01多酸化学02丰产元素化学03功能配合物化学04无机催化25①101政治②201英语③360无机化学④453有机化学含计划外12人同等学力、跨学科考生加试：①物理化学②分析化学复试科目：无机化学实验070302分析化学01色谱分析02光谱化学分析03电化学分析10①101政治②201英语③361物理化学④455分析化学含计划外5人不招收同等学力考生。
高中英语-阅读理解(科技类)01
阅读理解〔科技类〕Passage OneThe computer is a useful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. The oldest kind of computer is the abacus(算盘), used in China centuries ago, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1946. A computer then could do maths problems quite fast.Today computers are used in many ways and can do many kinds of work. In a few years the computer may touch the life of everyone, even people in faraway villages.In the last few years, there have been great changes in computers. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster, Many scientists agree that computers can now do many things, but they cannot do everything. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be like? Will computers bring good things or bad things to people? The scientists of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow.1. The computer is a _______ machine.A. helpfulB. strangeC. largeD. dangerous2. The first large, modern computer was built about _______ years ago.A. a fewB. fortyC. sixtyD. eighty3. The computers of today are _______ than before.A. biggerB. fewerC. smallerD. taller4. Computers can do _______.A. everythingB. anythingC. nothingD. lots of things5. The scientists of today _______ how to use the computers of tomorrow.A. may decideB. must decideC. can makeD. needn’t makePassage TwoWarm water freezes more quickly than cold water. Sir Francis Bacon said that almost four hundred years ago. But few people believed him until 1970. In that year a Canadian scientist George Kill proved the English professor was right. Dr Kill filled an open oil pail(桶) with cold water. He filled another with warm water. He put both in the same low temperature. The warm water froze first. The lack of covers on the pails is the secret. Some of the warm water changed into vapor. This meant that less of the warm water was left to be frozen. And so the warm water froze faster than the cold water even though it had a greater temperature drop to make.1. Hundreds of years ago, Sir Francis Bacon found _______.A. the temperature of warm water drops faster than that of cold waterB. warm water is heavier than cold waterC. warm water has the same temperature as cold waterD. warm water is not as useful as cold water2. What Sir Francis Bacon said was right, but people didn't believe him until _______.A. late in the 20th centuryB. early in the 20th centuryC. three years agoD. late in the 19th century3. Leave a pail with warm water and another pail with cold water in the same low temperature, you’ll find that _______.A. cold water freezes firstB. warm water turns into ice before cold waterC. warm water and cold water freeze at the same timeD. much of cold water is changed into air.4. Why does warm water freeze first in the same freezing weather?A. Because some of the warm water turns to vapor, the amount(数量) becomes less than that of cold water.B. Because warm water is lighter than cold water.C. Because the temperature of warm water is lower than that of cold water.D. Because cold water freezes with more difficulty than warm water.Passage ThreeIf you do not use your arm or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.1. The main reason for one is poor memory is that _______.A. his father or mother may have a poor memoryB. He does not use his name or legs for some timeC. his memory is not often usedD. he can’t read or write2. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time _______.A. you can’t use them any moreB. they will become strongerC. they become weak and won’t become strong until you use them again.D. they will become neither stronger nor weaker3. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.B. Your memory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don’t give it enough chance for practice.C. Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to h ave a better memory.D. A good memory comes from more practice.4. Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _______.A. they have save much troubleB. they have saved much time to remember thingsC. they have to use their memories all the timeD. they can’t write everything in a little notebook5. Which is the best title for this passage?A. Don’t Stop Using Your Arms Or LegsB. How To Have a Good MemoryC. Strong Arms And Good MemoriesD. Learn From the PeoplePassage FourWhen Johnson called again, the manager received him very politely. “That is a most remarkable oil you brought us, Mr Johnson,” he said. Johnson nodded his smooth, dark head. That was something he knew very well. “I’ve never seen anything like it,” the manager admitted. Johnson nodded again. “No?” he said politely. Then he added, “But I think you will, sir. A very great deal of it.” He appeared to think for a moment. “I think you will find it will be on sale seven, perhaps, eight years from now.” He smiled.The manager thought that was uncertain. He said, “It is better than our fish oils. I admit that.”“So I am told, sir,” agreed Johnson.“Have you any plans to produce it yourself, Mr Johnson?”“Would I be showing it to you if I had?” Johnson smiled again.“We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils,” said the manager. “It would be expensive to do that, even if you could,” Johnson said gently. “Besides,” he added, “I am told that this oil will be much cheaper th an your best fish oils. Cheaper than any vegetable oil, in fact.”“Perhaps,” said the manage. “Well, I suppose you want to make an arrangement, Mr Johnson. Shall we discuss it?”“Of course,” said Johnson. “There are two ways of dealing with a situation o f this sort. The usual one is to prevent it altogether or at least to delay it as long as possible. That is, of course, the best way.” The manager nodded. He knew plenty about all that.“But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time.” The manager had his doubts, but all he said was an inquiring(asking), “Oh?”“The other way,” continued Johnson, “is to produce yourself before the trouble starts.”1. The manager thought of adding chemicals to the fish oil to make it _______.A. cheaper than the new oilB. more quicklyC. more expensiveD. as good as the new oil2. Johnson’s new oil would be _______.A. more expensive than fish oil, but betterB. less expensive, and betterC. less expensive, but not goodD. more expensive, and not so good3. Johnson expressed his regret that the manager _______.A. could not stop the new oil being madeB. would never know how to make itC. had spent a lot of money on itD. d idn’t know enough about it4. Johnson showed his new oil to the manager because he wanted _______.A. to produce it himselfB. to prevent it being producedC. to be paid not to produce itD. the manager to produce itPassage FiveCan you remember the first time you learned to ride a bike or drive a car? Learning these skills changed your life forever and opened up new horizons. Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car. Once you have invested the time to master the skills, you will never go back to the old days. The new technology is simply too convenient and too powerful.Technological developments through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. We have continuously looked for better ways of doing things. Each invention and new development has allowed us to extend our capabilities. Today we see one of the most dramatic technologies ever developed—the computer. It extends the capabilities of our minds.Computers have saved organizations millions of dollars. Furthermore, these same computer systems have opened up new opportunities that would have gone undiscovered or neglected. The computer may multiply what we can do, and the return on investment is high. The growth of computer usage is surprising. On the other hand, the computer can do serious damage. Invasion of privacy(侵犯隐私), fraud(欺诈), and computer-related mistakes are just a few shocking examples.The computer is like a double-edged sword. It has the ability to cut us free from some activities, but it can also cut deep into profits, personal privacy, and our society in general. How it is used is not a function of technology. It is strictly a function of how people decide to use or misuse this new technology. The choice is yours, and only through a knowledge of computer systems will you be able to avoid the dangers while enjoying the many, many benefits of the computer age.1. The writer thinks learning about computers is like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car because _______.A. it is simple and practicalB. it needs a lot of practiceC. it leads people to new life experiencesD. it takes much time to master the skills2. According to the passage, computers bring people the following benefits except _______.A. avoiding mistakesB. saving moneyC. making moneyD. opening up opportunities3. According to the writer, the bad effects of computers can be avoided if we _______.A. have sound knowledge of computer systemsB. tell people not to misuse computersC. have strict rules over the use of computersD. make more investments in the technology4. This passage is probably written for _______.A. computersB. computer producersC. computer learnersD. computer programmersPassage SixPerhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it, do you know? The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computers together around the world.Maybe that doesn’t sound very interesting. But when you’ve joined to the Internet, there are lots and lots of things you can do. You can send E-mails to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web (WWW).There are many different kinds of computers now. They all can be joined to the Internet. Most of them are small machines sitting on people’s desks at home, but there are still many others in schools, offices or large companies. These computers are owned by people and companies, but no one really owns the Internet itself.There are lots of places for you to go into the Internet. For example, your school may have the Internet. You can use it during lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the Internet. You are welcome to use it at only time.Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information you need. You can buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet. But do you know 98% of the information on the Internet is in English? So what will English be like tomorrow?1. What is the passage mainly about?A. Internet.B. Information.C. Computers.D. E-mails.2. Which is the quickest and cheapest way to send messages to your friends?A. By post.B. By E-mail.C. By telephone.D. By satellite.3. Which may be the most possible place for people to work in tomorrow?A. In the office.B. At school.C. At home.D. In the company.4. Whose the owner of the Internet?A. The headmaster.B. The officer.C. The user.D. No one.5. What does the writer try to tell us with the last two sentences?A. English is important in using the Internet.B. the Internet is more and more popular.C. Most of the information is in English.D. Every computer must have the Internet.Passage SevenIn most towns today, you can see teenagers standing over electronic machines with flashing lights, shooting at spaceships from other planets and dropping bombs on strange monsters(恶魔). The machines have names like Space Warrior, Dark Invader and so on. It used to be believed that damage was done only to those strange visitors from outer space, but now it seems that they are striking back.Many teenagers like electronic games so much that they can’t stop playing. They spend hours tightly holding the joystick controls and constantly pressing buttons marked “fire”. They develop pains on their fingers because of the constant pressure. They play and play that the pains have no chance to cure properly. The rapid wrist movement required to guide the spaceship across the screen causes another problem: The muscles of the wrist and arm become so inflamed and swollen(充血红肿) that they press against the bones. This condition is what doctors now call “Space Warrior’s Wrist”.Other strange aches and pains also are likely to affect the elbows and shoulders.Another even more alarming problem is shown by the case of a 17-year-old girl which was recently reported in the British Medical Journal. She had been playing various kinds of electronic games for more than two hours a day. Her father repaired games and machines and she could use the cassettes and systems in his workshop as often as she liked. One day, after playing a game called Dark Invader, she lost consciousness(晕倒) and fell to the floor.Doctors who examined her found she was suffering from an unusual illness caused by lights flashing at a particular frequency.1. Electronic games are found very popular with _______.A. people living in townsB. students studying in high schoolsC. girls wo rking in their father’s workshopsD. young people2. “Space Warrior’s Wrist” is caused by _______.A. constantly pressing the buttonsB. rapidly moving across the screenC. tightly holding the joystick controlsD. inflamed and swollen muscles of the wrist3. The case of a 17-year-old girl given by the writer shows that the writer _______.A. supports playing electronic gamesB. feels very sorry for the girlC. disagreed with young people’s playing electronic gamesD. feels worried about young people’s poor health4. From the passage we can conclude that playing electronic games is _______.A. enjoyable and helpful to the studyB. exciting but harmful to the health and studyC. interesting but harmless to the eyesD. amusing and satisfyingPassage EightExperiments aboard the spaceship Columbia have disproved a theory on the human nervous system which won an Austrian professor a Nobel prize 79 years ago.West German astronaut Ulf Merbold disproved the theory during tests aboard the spaceship yesterday. His discovery is connected with the workings of the inner ear, the body’s balance mechanism(机制).In l914 Professor Robert Barany won the Nobel prize for Physiology(生理学) and Medicine when he announced that temperature differences affected the inner ear and caused the eyes to blink(眨眼). Histheory was accepted by scientists.But Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct and shocked himself and space officials when he proved it wrong.According to Barany’s theory the eyes would blink when cold air was blown into one ear and hot air blown into the other.But if this theory was correct such a movement would be impossible in zero gravity.Both Merbold’s eyes cont inually blinked when the test was carried out.1. Tests were carried out in outer space in order to _______.A. find what causes the eyes to blinkB. shock the worldC. prove the theoryD. disprove the theory2. Barany’s th eory declared to prove _______.A. how our hearing mechanism worksB. why we constantly move our eyesC. that eye movement is affected by temperatureD. how hearing reacts(反应)3. Barany’s theory was proved incorrect in space by the effects of _______.A. having no weightB. having no airC. the pull of gravityD. hot and cold air streamsPassage NineScientists are developing a new kind of machine to take the place of humans. These machines can do jobs in places that are too dangerous for humans. For example, they are being developed to work in nuclear power center, deep under the oceans and in outer space.John Marrit, a psychologist(心理学家) in Williamsburg Massachusetts, helped develop the new machine. This is how they work. A machine is placed in an area far away from the person who operates it. The person wears special hard hat with television screens and sound equipment. The screens and sound equipment let the person see and hear exactly what the machine is seeing and hearing. Mr. Marrit says this gives the person the feeling of being in the same place as the machine. The idea, he says, is being there without going there. The person uses an electronic control to make the machine move. The machine copies the person’s m ovements exactly. If the person raises his right arm, the machine raises the right arm, too. This means an expert can do a dangerous job while staying in the safe place. For example, a person can direct the machine to destroy a bomb without going near the bomb himself.1. The new kind of machine being introduced in the passage is _______.A. in existenceB. only an ideaC. being tried outD. being researched and developed2. The machine _______.A. follows the perso n’s orderB. is controlled by a computerC. does exactly what the person doesD. is controlled by a television on the person’s head3. The difference between such a new machine and a robot is that _______.A. the new machine is more difficult to make than a robotB. the new machine is more difficult to be controlledC. a robot is controlled by man indirectlyD. a robot can’t be used in places too dangerous or farawayPassage Ten. HoneybeesHoneybees can do three kinds of jobs.The honeybee is one of the most unusual insects in the world. Bees are special because they divide up their work. Each bee has a certain job to do.The busiest bee is the worker. Workers build the nest, called a hive. Inside the hive, workers make a honeycomb from wax(蜂蜡). They store honey there for food. Workers are always cleaning and fixingthe hive. They even stand at the opening and fan their wings to cool the hive. Worker bees will attack anything—even people—to keep their hive safe.Another kind of bee is the drone(雄蜂). Drones are male bees, and their job is to fly with the queen bee and mate with her. After the queen mates, the worker bees drive the drones away. The drones then starve to death.The third kind of bee is the queen. Each hive needs only one queen, and her job is laying eggs. She can lay as many as 2, 000 eggs a day.1. The bee’s nest is called a _______.A. droneB. honeycombC. hiveD. wax2. Wax is used to make the _______.A. nestB. honeycombC. fanD. hive3. Which jobs do workers do?A. They lay 2, 000 eggs each day and build a nest.B. They mate with the queen bee and then starve.C. They clean the hive and keep it cool.D. They attack the queen bee.4. According to the story, bees _______.A. are very dangerous insectsB. will attack anything or anyone to protect the hive, if necessaryC. are like any other insect that fliesD. eat each other as food5. The drone is driven away when its job is finished, because _______.A. it attacked the workersB. it is no longer needed in the hiveC. the queen bee has diedD. it ate the queen beePassage ElevenAmerican doctors say that mothers who smoke cigarettes before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies’ lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause the babies to suffer breathing problems and lung disease later in life. Doctors in Boston, Massachusetts studied 1 100 children. The mothers of some of the children smoked, the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke, and that the children whose mothers smoked developed 20% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life.Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of developing lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of lung cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father’s smoking did not affect a child’s chance of developing lung cancer.1. Mother who smokes before her child is born may _______.A. slow the growth of her baby’s lungB. cause her baby to suffer breathing problems and lung disease later in lifeC. make her child develop lung cancerD. All of above are right2. Doctors in Boston studied 1 100 children to _______.A. examine whether these children were healthyB. find out whether their mothers had smokedC. find why these children suffered breathing problems and lung diseaseD. look into the effect that mother’s smoking had on their children3. Suppose John’s father was a heavy smoker, so was Mary’s mother. According this passage, _______.A. John is more likely to develop lung cancerB. Mary is more likely to develop lung cancerC. John and Mary have the same chance to develop cancerD. neither John nor Mary has the chance to develop cancer4. This passage is to _______.A. warn us of the danger of smoking before childrenB. warn people with breathing problems not to smokeC. warn us that mothers who smoke may affect their children’s healthD. warn us that fathers who smoke may affect their children as mothersPassage TwelveYou can not see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes. Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examples that can be seen by their own light. Such things are luminous. Most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own. They are simply reflecting light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous bodies. The moon, for example, does not give off any light of its own. It is non-luminous. You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of it reflects in our direction. So moon light is only second hand sunlight.When you look at a book, it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it, and you see the book. If light could be kept out from where you are so that there would be no light for the book to reflect, then you could not see the book even with your eyes wide open.Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all. Light reaches us from the moon, which is about 380 000 kilometers away, in only a little more than a second.1. You can see the book because_______.A. your eyes are close to itB. it reflects some of the sunlightC. it has light of its ownD. your eyesight can get to it2. The underlined word “luminous” means_______.A. visibleB. all colorsC. giving off lightD. sunlight3. ________ have light of their own.A. The sun and the moonB. The stars and the earthC. The sun and the starsD. The moon and the earth4. Which of the following is true?A. All the things you can see give off light.B. Light from the book is much shorter than that from the moon.C. The moment you open your eyes the light from the book travels to your eyes.D. Light travels so fast that there is no time for you to read.Passage ThirteenAs people continue to grow and age, our body systems(系统) continue to change. At a certain point in your life your body systems will begin to weaken. Your strength may become weaker. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this change that leads us toward the end of our lives.Many factors(因素) decide your health. A good diet plays an important role. the amount and type of exercise you get is another factor. Your living condition is yet another. But scientists studying agingproblem want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by studying the aging medical science they may be able to make the length of life longer.There is nothing to be afraid of as old age comes. Many consider the later part of life to be the best time for living. Physical activity may become less, but often you get better understanding of yourself and the world.What we consider old age now may only be middle-aged some day soon. Who knows, with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life length may one day be measured in centuries, rather that in years!1. When people become aging, they will lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury, “bounce back” here means _______.A. to escape from disease and injuryB. to improve one’s health after one’s disease and injuryC. to jump backwardD. to run fast2. Many consider the later part of life to be the best time of living because ______.A. they consider their life has been a successful oneB. they have come through the battle of life safelyC. they have less misunderstanding of themselves and the outside worldD. they have nothing to do all day long only to watch their grandchildren growing up around them高一英语阅读理解试题〔科技类〕答案：A【答案与解析】本文讲电脑的发展历史。
科技英语文体词汇特征
科技英语文体词汇特征
一、引言
科技英语（Scientific English）是一种专门用于描述科学研究和技术的语言。
它具有独特的词汇特征，这些特征使得科技英语更加准确、客观地表达复杂的科学概念。
本文将详细介绍科技英语的词汇特征。
二、专业术语
科技英语中使用了大量的专业术语，这些术语是科学领域特有的词汇，具有精确的含义和用法。
例如，生物化学中的DNA、RNA，物理学中的重力、加速度等。
这些术语的使用使得科技英语更加精确地表达科学概念。
三、缩略词
科技英语中经常使用缩略词，这些缩略词是科学术语的简写形式，方便快捷地表达复杂的科学概念。
例如，DNA可以简写为“脱氧核糖核酸”，ATP可以简写为“腺苷三磷酸”。
四、名词化
科技英语中大量使用名词化结构，即将动词或形容词转化为名词，以表达更为客观、准确的概念。
例如，“反应”可以名词化为“reaction”，“热”可以名词化为“heat”。
五、被动语态
科技英语中经常使用被动语态，以强调客观事实和实验结果。
例如，“实验结果被发现”、“数据被分析”等。
六、长句和复杂句
科技英语中经常使用长句和复杂句，以表达复杂的科学概念和逻辑关系。
这些句子通常包含多个从句、短语和修饰语，以准确地描述科学现象和实验结果。
七、总结
科技英语的词汇特征包括专业术语、缩略词、名词化、被动语态以及长句和复杂句的使用。
这些特征使得科技英语更加准确、客观地表达复杂的科学概念。
了解这些词汇特征有助于更好地理解和运用科技英语。
科技英语简介课件
information tranmbiguity
To avoid ambiguity and misunderstandings, science and
technology English of uses specific and clear vocabulary to
describe concepts and phenomena
The use of admissions and symbols
Abbreviations
Abbreviations are commonly used in science and technology English to simplify complex terms and concepts, making them easier to understand and remember
Technical jargon
In addition to specialized vocabulary, science and technology English also includes technical jargon, which refers to the language used by experts or professionals in a specific field
Terminology Evolution
With the development of science and technology, new terms and concepts are consistently emerging, requiring continuous learning and updating of vocabulary
科技英语的翻译——01 科技英语的语法特点
科技英语的语法特点科技英语作为一种揭示客观外部世界的本质和规律的信息传递工具，具有准确、简明扼要和客观正式等特点。
科技文章文体的特点是：语言简练、结构严谨，逻辑性强，原理概念清楚，重点突出，段落章节分明。
具体而言，科技英语在用词、语法结构及表达方式上有其自身的特点，下面分别予以介绍。
1.词汇1）大量使用专业词汇和半专业词汇，例如calculus（微积分学）, vector（矢量）, matrix （矩阵）等是专业词汇，而power, work等是半专业词汇，在不同的学科领域含义有所不同；2）大量使用词缀和词根，例如，上海科学技术出版社出版的《英汉现代科学技术词汇》中以tele-构成的词有177个；3）较多使用缩略词，如PCM(pulse-coded modulation，脉冲编码调制), VLSI(very large scale integration，超大规模集成), DSP(digital signal processing，数字信号处理)等；4）词性变换多，例如function一词常用作名词，作“函数、功能、作用”等解，但在例句Robots can withstand radiation, heat, cold, and can function without an atmosphere中则用作动词，表示“起作用，行使职责”之意。
2．词法1) 常用一般现在时态表示真理或客观规律的普遍陈述。
[例句]Vector and matrix techniques provide the framework for much of the developments in modern engineering.[译文]矢量和矩阵方法为现代工程学的发展提供了框架。
2) 广泛使用被动语态科技英语句子有三分之一用被动语态，为的是强调所论述的客观事物。
[例句] A characteristics feature of semiconductor is that their low electric conductivity can be substantially modified by the addition of minute quantities of impurities.[译文] 半导体的特征是：加入微量杂质可明显改变其低导电率。
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5. Communications
It is very important to communicate
Help you clarify what your idea really is Get constructive feedback Help you build critical skills
Source: Orna, E (1995). Managing Information in Research, Allen & Unwin.
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But ...
• Nobody can tell you how to do research.
• It is difficult enough just to define what research is, or define how to “separate the wheat from the chaff”.
Find sympathetic ears
Force your friend/cooperator to listen Listen to your colleagues
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“Among three persons, there is a master.” 三人行, 必有我师.
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6. Use Internet in your research
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科学研究是一门艺术！
[澳大利亚] W.I.B.贝弗里奇，1953
Topic Selection
Research Question(s)
Research Design
Literature Reading
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Report Writing
Scientific Paper Writing
Neither too big nor too trivial Solid theoretical work, or Good experimental results Or both
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2. How to master the state of the art?
Query senior researchers International communication
attend conferences, personal communications
Reading
about 20 papers for a new area
……
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Happy Read
Need to know the state-of-the-art Read a lot Read selectively Books by leading experts Classic papers Very related papers Find the key ideas in the paper Understand the motivation of the paper Learn how to write a good paper
Байду номын сангаас
2. Master the state of the art
3. Good idea 4. Sound supports 5. Communications 6. Use Internet 7. ……
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1. What is a good topic?
A real problem, not a toy problem
课程负责人：
为方便联系，确定2名课程负责人，男女生各1 人。
课程简介和要求
论文上传：
在课程结束后2周内将2篇原始论文（pdf格式， 文件名为其英文题目）的压缩包email至： cjgsau@ 文件名为：学号＋中文 姓名。
On Research
If we knew what we were doing, it would not be called research. - Albert Einstein
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Thank You
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The Research Process
Process is not a linear one； It is not a series of stages that are completed in order, one after another； The stages are part of a cycle that are returned to and repeated at various points
林学院硕士专业外语
崔建国
Email: cjgsau@
College of Forestry
Shenyang Agricultural University (SYAU)
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课程简介和要求
总学时：20 学分：1
教学目的：了解本学科的主要英文期刊，学 习英文科技文献的阅读和科技论文的写作。 适用的专业范围：林木遗传育种、森林培育、 森林保护学、森林经理学、园林植物与观赏 园艺等专业硕士研究生。
A good idea is the core of good research.
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4. What are sound supports?
Solid theoretic analysis Solid experiments
• • • • Well-defined experiments Benchmark(基准的) tests Data sets available of other researchers Repeatable results
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About Reading
Breadth-first: 棍扫一大片。 Depth-first: 枪扎一条线。
学会批判地阅读！
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3. What is a good idea?
Original Useful Reasonable Feasible A real progress instead of trivial improvement ……
Topic connected to existing research Topic related to products You have interests in Potentially useful Not outdated
Significant, yet manageable
Research
Main Process of Research - TPIC：
Topic -> Problem -> Idea -> Concrete work (theoretical analysis, experiments, etc.) -> Paper writing -> Submit
课程简介和要求
课程教学内容：
第一部分 第二部分 第三部分 第四部分 第五部分 第六部分 科学研究及其基本特点； 科技英语阅读； 学术会议科技英语； 科技写作； 科技论文结构； 论文投稿。
由于专业差异和学时限制，只能讨论一些共 性问题，难以讨论具体的专业问题。
课程简介和要求
考核要求：
翻译所在学科1篇近期（近2年内）科技期刊论 文（原文不少于5页），50分；写1篇大摘要 （1页，原文不少于5页），50分。在课程结 束后2周内，将考核资料由课程负责人送至学 院办公室授课教师信箱内。
• This leads to a process of trial and error. • It is hard to know if you are making progress or not.
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How to do research?
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How to do research?
1. Choose a good topic
The Internet can be a great tool for research, but finding quality web materials and using them to your advantage in your writing can be challenging.
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