2012届静安区高三一模物理
2012年上海市静安区中考物理一模试卷
2012年上海市静安区中考物理一模试卷参考答案与试题解析满分：100分一、单项选择题（共16分）下列各题均只有一个正确选项，请将所选选项的代号用2B铅笔填涂在答题纸的相应位置上，更改答案时，用橡皮擦去，重新填涂．1．（2分）（2011•静安区一模）我国家庭电路的电压为（）A．110伏B．180伏C．220伏D．380伏【考点】电压、电压表PH313【难易度】容易题【分析】解答本题需要我们结合生活常识，我们可以知道家用电器的额定电压为220V，即我国家庭电路的电压为220伏；故C选项正确。
【解答】C．【点评】解决本题需要我们平时在日常生活中注意观察，多积累一些基础知识，要知道我国家庭电路的电压为220V、生活中常用的一节干电池两端的电压为1.5V等等，此题可以根据我们的生活常识来得出正确答案。
2．（2分）（2016•青浦区一模）下列实例中，属于利用大气压的是（）A．吸尘器B．船闸 C．温度计D．订书机【考点】大气压强PH238【难易度】容易题【分析】（1）吸尘器工作时，他可以通过头部的电动抽风机高速转动来除尘，它的工作原理是：抽风机会以高速转动，使空气高速排出，内部压强减小，外部压强不变，内外产生压强差，就可以把含灰尘的空气吸入。
利用了大气压，故A选项符合题意；（2）船闸的原理是：外面的船可以开进船闸，是因为船闸先打开一端，船闸里的水位逐渐与外面相等，应用了连通器原理，然后把这一端船闸关闭，打开另一端的船闸，船闸里的水位逐渐与外面相等，船就可以开到另一端去，又一次应用了连通器，故B选项不符合题意；（3）温度计是用液泡中液体的液柱的高度显示被测物体的温度，是利用热胀冷缩条件制成的，故C选项不符合题意；（4）订书机用到的了比较多的物理知识，如：底座和压柄做得宽大有利于减小压强等等，但是都不是利用大气压的，故D选项不符合题意。
【解答】A.【点评】解决本题需要我们明确知道一些生活中常见物品的工作原理，如：船闸是运用了连通器，温度计是利用了热胀冷缩等等，生活中有很多事情都是利用大气压来完成的：吸管喝饮料、钢笔吸墨水等等，将物体带入了生活中的实例，体现了物理来源于生活。
精编2012届静安区一模,附答案
2012届静安区一模英语试卷2012. 1第I卷（共 105 分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 3 o‘clock. B. At 4 o‘clock. C. At 5 o‘clock. D. At 6 o‘clock.2. A. Ask the store to fix the skirt. B. Get her money back.C. Shop at another store.D. Exchange the shirt.3. A. In a movie studio. B. In a department store.C. In a publishing house.D. In a research laboratory.4. A. Waiter and diner. B. Customer and salesgirl.C. Classmates and teachers.D. Husband and wife.5. A. To try his luck at another restaurant.B. To book a table for Tuesday.C. To book a smaller table.D. To cancel his dinner plan.6. A. She thinks the explanations are difficult.B. The explanations will be added in a later edition.C. She thinks the book should include more information.D. The book includes an explanation of all the answers.7. A. Chicken is tasty. B. Roast beef is tasty.C. Not very satisfactory.D. Very satisfactory.8. A. The cinema is nearby.B. He doesn‘t know there is a cinema nearby.C. He doesn‘t understand the question.D. He doesn‘t want to go to the cinema.9. A. It is unfair that the man‘s wife should stay home.B. It is impossible to repair the pipes again.C. It is not the first time that the pipes have leaked.D. It is a pity that the man‘s wife can‘t go to the co ncert.10. A. The price for rent is beyond their reach.B. The neighbourhood is too far away.C. They don‘t need a new apartment.D. He hopes that they can rent it as soon as possible.Section B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A special CD. B. A photograph of the mystery star.C. Two concert tickets.D. A latest record.12. A. After a tragic accident happened.B. When he formed the habit of using drugs.C. When his wife left him.D. After he succeeded in the late 90‘s.13. A. A free concert. B. Life of a pop star.C. A famous guitar player.D. A sad song Tears in Heaven.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. The amount and pattern of sleep. B. Sleeping problems of old people.C. The relationship between sleep and health.D. The importance and necessity of sleep.15. A. About 1.5 hours. B. About 40 minutes.C. About 12 hours.D. About 120 minutes.16. A. About 6 hours. B. About 7 hours.C. About 8 hours.D. About 10 hours.Section C Longer conversationsDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you will be required to fulfill the task by filling in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Should people pursue their own happiness _______ the expense of others?A. byB. throughC. forD. at26. Surprisingly, Susan‘s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_______almost anovercoat for her.A. themB. herC. itselfD. herself27. According to some scientists, global warming ______ the survival of the whole human race.A. threatenB. threatensC. are threatenedD. is threatened28. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.A. the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times than the price29. A very sharp increase ______ some Fed officials to push for higher rates to restrain inflation.A. need have persuadedB. might have persuadedC. must have been persuadedD. might have been persuaded30. Eating sensibly and taking regular exercise is a fairly reliable method of losing weight,______?A.is itB. are theyC. aren‘t theyD. isn‘t it31.In recent years much more emphasis ______ on developing the students productive skills.A. puts B has put C. has been put D. is put32. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.A. she caredB. she may careC. may she careD. did she care33. People are not allowed to enter the garden to prevent the flowers______.A. being destroyedB. destroyingC. destroyD. to destroy34. ______ you‘ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. BeforeB. Though`C. Now thatD. Until35. You should allow two weeks for your visa application ______.A. to processB. to be processedC. processedD. to be processing36. I kept getting mysterious phone calls______ the caller would hang up as soon as I answered.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that37. The modern carpenter would be just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fiftyyears ago if ________ proper tools and materials.A. to be givenB. being givenC. giving himD. given38. Steve Jobs had been fighting against cancel for eight years ______ he died on October 5.A. so thatB. beforeC. in caseD. after39. Some one else defines who they are and ______ they stand for as public figures.A. whetherB. thatC. whatD. how40. It should be obvious to everyone ______ we need to make some changes.A. thatB. howC. whatD. whereSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. expandB. developingC. restD. slipE. measureF. annualG. fightingH. domesticI. proveJ. doubledNEW YORK (Reuters) - U.S. factories shrugged off weakness in the global economy in November as manufacturing activity rose to its highest level in five months, a fresh sign the __41__economy was accelerating.Recent data on consumer spending and private-sector job creation has also boosted optimism on the pace of growth."The economy seems finally to be __42__real momentum," said Ian Shepherdson, an economist at High Frequency Economics in Valhalla, New York.Also pointing to growth, automakers reported U.S. sales rose 13.9 percent in November from a year earlier, Autodata Corp said.The Institute for Supply Management said on Thursday its index of national factory activity rose to 52.7 from 50.8 the month before, beating analysts' expectations and showing the sector continues to__43__.The added momentum, also apparent in the report's details, reduces the chances the U.S. economy will __44__into a new recession, even with an expected contraction in the euro zone.Compared to a dismal first half of the year, the pace of U.S. growth more than __45__in the third quarter to a 2 percent __46__rate. While that remains subpar, economists believe activity will __47__even stronger in the final three months of the year.The ISM __48__of new orders rose to its highest level since April, and the export index also improved, although modestly."That should keep some momentum going," said Sean Incremona, an economist at 4Cast in New York. "It is good to see things are not getting worse now."Much of the __49__ of the world, however, is getting worse, especially in Europe where policy-makers are fighting a raging sovereign debt crisis.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Fifty years ago, most people‘s daily levels of activity were equivalent to walking three to five miles a day. Today, the average person fails to __50__that distance in a week. It is __51__the ratio of fatness has soared — with serious implications for health.What we have__52__in convenience from labour-saving devices over the past half-century, we have paid for __53__a sharp decline in physical activity. We use cars, buses or trains to get to work; our children are__54__to schools; elevators and lifts have replaced conventional stairs in shopping centers, offices and apartment blocks. Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, dishwashers and electric mowers all reduce the effort required to __55__a clean and tidy home. Almost one third of adults spend over ten hours sitting down every day, __56__up to a staggering of average 32years and four months over a lifetime. __57__surprising, then, that researchers __58__this lifestyle for our weight gain.Of course, our diets have changed, too, __59__the fact is that we consume fewer calories now than in the 1960s. So what is the __60__? The secret is integrated exercise. This__61__ going about your __62__ daily life—but doing it with enthusiasm. It might mean standing to answer the phone and tapping your feet on the floor as you work. It means never taking the car when you could walk; it means standing on short train and bus __63__, or walking at a pace where you feel you might __64__a run if you were to go any faster.50. A. take B. walk C. include D. cover51. A. no doubt B. no wonder C. no use D. no matter52. A. gained B. received C. accepted D. acquired53. A. in spite of B. instead of C. in terms of D. in the place of54. A. delivered B. taken C. driven D. accompanied55. A. protect B. maintain C. preserve D. stay56. A. saying B. taking C. targeting D. adding57. A. Nearly B. Almost C. Hardly D. Rarely58. A. criticize B. scold C. accuse D. blame59. A. so B. but C. and D. as60. A. solution B. approach C. application D. method61. A. concerns B. relates C. explains D. involves62. A. various B. normal C. proper D. local63. A. journeys B. tours C. voyages D. activities64. A. come into B. burst into C. break into D. get intoSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Beat the Burglar Don‘t invite crime—take basic, sensible precautions. Your house and property are valuable and must be properly protected. When you buy a lock, you buy time—and this is the one thing a burglar can‘t afford. Most thieves are casual opportunists to whom the best deterrents are delay and noise which could mean discovery.When you leave it –lock it!First of all, fit security locks to all doors and windows and a safety chain on the front door. Secondly, use them! And use them every time you go out, even if it‘s only for a short time. If you have any ladders or tools, don‘t leave them lying about in the garden, lock them away or at least immobilise them.Don‘t rely on ―safe‖ or ―secret‖ places for keys and valuables –nine times out of ten, they are the first place a thief will look.When you move house .…..When you move into a new house, even if it is fitted with security locks, change them. You don‘t know who may have duplicate keys. When you are new to a district, you are particularly vulnerable. Never let anyone that you don‘t know into your house. An official-looking cap is not enough, ask for proof of identity and look at it carefully—if you are still not satisfied, don‘t let the person in.Valuables need special protectionReally valuable items such as jewellery, should be given special protection –preferably by leaving them with your bank. But a small security safe, properly installed, should protect you against all but the most determined burglar. It is also most important to maintain an up-to-date list of valuables and their descriptions. In the case of fine art, paintings, ceramics or jewellery, color photographs can sometimes be of assistance to the police should you be unfortunate enough to have them stolen. Enter the details on the back of the pictures. But don‘t keep such documents in your house, keep them at the bank or with your insurance company.Going on holiday?Don‘t advertise the fact that your home is empty. Do remember to cancel the milk and newspapers and also to draw curtains back. Don‘t leave notes for tradesmen and try not to talk about your holidays and future plans loudly in public.Operate a‖Good Neighbour‖scheme to ensure that mail is taken in, the house checked regularly and that lights are put on. If you plan to be away for a long time, make sure that your lawn is cut.Call at your local police station and tell them you are going away. Make sure that they know who has your spare key and how you can be contacted in case of trouble.Especially at holiday time, don‘t leave cash or valuables in the house –take them with you or lodge them with the bank.65. According to the document which is issued by the Metropolitan Police, London, which of thefollowing does not belong to valuables?A. jewelleryB. fine artC. newspapersD. paintings66. The word duplicate in When you move house ….is closest in meaning to______.A. originalB. copyC. copperD. delicate67. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Call at your local police station and tell them you are going away.B. Do remember to cancel the milk and newspapers when you are going on holiday.C. When you move into a new house, you must change security locks.D. Do leave any ladders or tools lying about in your garden.68. The document tells the residents how to _______.A.deal with their personal properties properlyB.invite anyone that you don‘t know into your houseC.advertise the fact that your house is emptyD.keep valuable items at home（B）The inhabitants of the earth are divided not only by race, nation, religion or ideology, but also, in a sense, by their position in time. Examining the present population of the globe, we find a tiny group who still live, hunting and food-foraging, as men did millions of years ago. Others, the vast majority of mankind, depend not on bear-hunting or berry-picking, but on agriculture. They live, in many aspects, as their ancestors did centuries ago. These two groups taken together compose perhaps 70 percent of all living human beings. They are the people of the past.By contrast, somewhat more than 25 percent of the earth‘s population can be found in the industrialized societies. They lead modern lives. They are products of the first half of the twentieth century, moulded by mechanization and mass education, brought up with lingering memories of their own country‘s agricultural past. They are, in fact, the people of the present.The remaining 2 or 3 percent of the world‘s population, however, are no longer people of either the past or the present. For within the main centers of technological and cultural change, in Santa Monica, California and Cambridge, Massachusetts, in New York and London, and Tokyo, are millions of men and women who can already be said to be living in the way of life of the future. Trend-makers often without being aware of it, they live today as millions will live tomorrow. And while they account for only a few percent of the global population today, they already form an international nation of the future in our midst. They are the advance agents of men, the earliest citizens of the world-wide super-industrial society now in the throes of(正在做) birth.What makes them different from the rest of mankind? Certainly, they are richer, better educated, more mobile than the majority of the human race. They also live longer. But what specifically marks the people of the future is the fact that they are already caught up in a new, stepped-up pace of life. They ―live faster‖ than the people around them.69. The main argument in this passage is that ______.A a small percent of the world‘s population is already ―living in the future‖B.the majority should see what the future will be likeC.the new ―pace of life‖ is actually nothing newD.however we live, we must all face an increased pace of life70. The ― people of the present‖ here refers to those who ______.A.rely on their county‘s agricultural pastB.spend their time examining different racesC.have been shaped by industrialization and mass educationD.are constantly trying to change life as they see it71. From what the author says, ―trend-makers‖ are people who ______.A.live in large cities all over the worldB.dream about the futureC.set the pattern of life for the futureD.make changes in culture and technology（C）For several days I (Jane Eyre) saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighourhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, ―Do you think I‘m handsome, Miss Eyre?‖The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: ‗No, sir.‖―Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.‖―Sir, I‘m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn‘t matter, or something like that,‖―N o, you shouldn‘t! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab（刺）me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance（抵消）your few good points.I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly, ―Y es, you‘re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn‘t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you‘re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you‘re sympathetic and give them hope.‖It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn‘t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.―Don‘t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.‖ He continued. ―Y ou don‘t relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You‘re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you‘ll fly very high. Good night.‖72. At the beginning Miss Eyre 's impressions of Mr. Rochester were all EXCEPT _______.A. busyB. sociableC. friendlyD. changeable73. Why did Mr. Rochester say" . . . and then you stab me in the back!" (in para. 7)?A. Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife.B. Because Jane had intended to be more critical.C. Because Jane had regretted having talked to him.D. Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.74. From what Mr. Rochester told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to _______.A. tell her all his troublesB. tell her his life experienceC. change her opinion of himD. change his circumstances75. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded_______.A. rudeB. coldC. friendlyD. encouragingSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.An Iowa high school counselor gets a call from a parent protesting the ―C ‖ her child receivedon an assignment. ―The parent argued every point in the essay, ‖recalls the counselor, who soon realized whythe mother was so disappointed about my grade. ―It became apparent that she‘d written it. ‖77. a priority at their school, but only 25％described their experience working with parents as ―very satisfying.‖ When asked to choose me biggest challenge they fac e, 31％ of them quoted involving parents and communicating with them as their top choice. 73％ of new teachers said too many parents treat schools and teachers as enemies.78. At a time when competition is rising and resources are limited, when battles over testing force schools to adjust their priorities, when cell phones and e-mail speed up the information flow and all kinds of private ghosts and public quarrels slip into the parent-teacher conference, it‘s harder for both sides to step back and breathe deeply and look at the goals they share.79 Everyone says the parent-teacher conference should be pleasant, civilized, a kind of dialogue where parents and teachers build partnership. But what most teachers feel, and certainly what all parents feel, is anxiety and panic.80. When a teacher asks parents to be partners, he or she doesn't necessarily mean Mom or Dad should be camping in the classroom. Research shows that though students benefit modestly from having parents involved at school, what happens at home matters much more. According to research based on the National Education Longitudinal Study, a sample of nearly 25,000 eighth graders, among four main areas of parental involvement(home discussion, home supervision. school communication, and school participation), home discussion was the most strongly related.Section ＤDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers urged, "Barbara, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience."How right they were. Enthusiastic people can turn a boring drive into an adventure, extra work into opportunity and strangers into friends."Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm," wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is the paste that helps you hang in there when the going gets tough. It is the inner voice that whispers, "I can do it!" when others shout, "No, you can't."It took years and years for the early work of Barbara McClintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn't let up on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping.We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder as anyone knows who has ever seen an infant's delight at the jingle of keys or the scurrying of a beetle.It is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such a youthful air, whatever their age.At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach. As the music flowed through his fingers, his stooped shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes. Music, for Casals, was a medicine that made life a never ending adventure. As author and poet Samuel Ullman once wrote, " Years wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul."How do you rediscover the enthusiasm of your childhood? The answer, I believe, lies in the word itself. "Enthusiasm" comes from the Greek and means "God within." And what is God within is but an abiding sense of love -- proper love of self (self-acceptance) and, from that, love of others.Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money or title or power. If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can as a part-time avocation, like the head of state who paints, the nun who runs marathons, the executive who handcrafts furniture.Elizabeth Layton of Wellsville, Kan, was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended bouts of depression that had plagued her for at least 30 years, and the quality of her work led one critic to say, "I am tempted to call Layton a genius." Elizabeth has rediscovered her enthusiasm. We can't afford to waste tears on "might-have-been." We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after "what-can-be."We need to live each moment wholeheartedly, with all our senses -- finding pleasure in the fragrance of a back-yard garden, the crayoned picture of a six-year-old, the enchanting beauty of a rainbow. It is such enthusiastic love of life that puts a sparkle in our eyes and smoothes the wrinkles from our souls.（Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.）81. What is this passage mainly about?82. "Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm," means we can achieve nothing.83. ―God within‖( in para.8 ) means .84. The last sentence (in para.10) We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after"what-can-be." means .第II卷（共 45 分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我们在国外旅游时应遵守当地的风俗。
2024届上海市静安区高三上学期高考一模物理试题
2024届上海市静安区高三上学期高考一模物理试题一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题如图所示，某透明材料制成的三棱镜截面为正三角形，，一束单色光从中点O射入三棱镜，入射光线与的夹角为，在O点发生折射后的光线与平行，已知光在真空中的传播速度为c，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A．三棱镜对该单色光的折射率为B．该单色光从边射出时的方向与从边入射时的方向的夹角为120°C．该单色光在三棱镜中的传播速度为D．该单色光在三棱镜中的传播时间为第(2)题一定质量的理想气体在某一过程中，外界对气体做功7.0×104 J，气体内能减少1.3×105 J，则此过程（ ）A．气体从外界吸收热量2.0×105 JB．气体向外界放出热量2.0×105 JC．气体从外界吸收热量6.0×104 JD．气体向外界放出热量6.0×104 J第(3)题在现代杂技类节目中，以高空绸吊为代表的高空杂技正在逐渐受到观众的追捧。
某杂技演员的手抓着长长的绸带，在空中做着精彩的表演。
杂技演员的运动可以等效为圆锥摆，如图所示，长为L的细绳一端固定，另一端系一质量为m的小球，给小球一个合适的初速度，小球便可在水平面内做匀速圆周运动，这样就构成了一个圆锥摆。
设细绳与竖直方向的夹角为，不计空气阻力，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．小球受重力、绳的拉力和向心力共三个力的作用B．细绳的拉力是小球做圆周运动的向心力C．越大，小球运动的周期越小D．越大；小球运动的线速度越小第(4)题一群处于第4能级的氢原子，向低能级跃迁过程中能发出6种不同频率的光，将这些光分别照射到图（a）电路阴极K的金属上，只能测得3条电流随电压变化的图像如图（b）所示，已知氢原子的能级图如图（c）所示，则下列推断正确的是（ ）A．只有b光照射时，仅增加其强度，则对应的遏止电压增大B．阴极金属的逸出功可能为C．图（b）中的a光是氢原子由第2能级向基态跃迁发出的D．图（b）中的c光光子能量为10.2eV第(5)题跳台滑雪运动员的动作惊险而优美，其实跳台滑雪运动可抽象为物体在斜坡上的平抛运动。
2012年上海市静安区高考物理一模试卷(含详解)
2012年上海市静安区高考物理一模试卷一．单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分．每小题只有一个正确选项）1．（2分）平均速度定义式为，当△t极短时可以表示物体在t时刻的瞬时速度，该定义应用了下列哪种物理方法（）A．等效替代法B．微元法C．控制变量法D．极限思想法2．（2分）如图所示的逻辑电路中，当A端、B端分别输入电信号为“1”、“0”时，C端和D端输出的电信号分别为（）A．“0”和“0”B．“1”和“0”C．“0”和“1”D．“1”和“1”3．（2分）如图，电梯与水平地面成θ角，一人静止站在电梯水平梯板上，电梯以匀加速度a启动过程中，水平梯板对人的支持力和摩擦力分别为N 和f．若电梯启动加速度改为2a，则下面结论正确的是（）A．水平梯板对人的支持力变为2NB．水平梯板对人的摩擦力变为2fC．水平梯板对人的摩擦力和支持力之比为D．水平梯板对人的摩擦力和支持力之比为4．（2分）如图所示，abc为质量均匀的直角等边曲杆，曲杆可绕c端的光滑铰链，在竖直平面内转动。
若施加在a端的力F始终竖直向上，在曲杆顺时针缓慢转动90°（从实线转到虚线）的过程中，力F的力矩M大小的变化情况是（）A．一直M减小B．M一直增大C．M先减小后增大D．M先增大后减小5．（2分）如图所示，一定质量的空气被水银封闭在静置于竖直平面的U型玻璃管内，右管上端开口且足够长，右管内水银面比左管内水银面高h，下列那个措施可以让h变小的（）A．环境温度升高B．大气压强升高C．沿管壁向右管内加水银D．U型玻璃管自由下落6．（2分）关于电场线，下列说法中正确的是（）A．电场线就是初速度为零的正电荷在电场中的运动轨迹B．电场线的分布情况可以等效替代电场的分布C．电场线是为了研究电场而引入的物理模型D．电荷间的相互作用是通过电场线而产生的7．（2分）边长为L的正立方体区域内存在着匀强电场，电场强度为E，a、b为正方体的两个顶点，则a、b两点的电势差U ab不可能的是（）A．U ab=﹣1.5EL B．U ab=0C．U ab=2EL D．U ab=EL 8．（2分）如图所示，导热性能良好的钢瓶内装有高压氧气，打开阀门氧气迅速从瓶口喷出，此时握钢瓶的手明显感觉变冷（）A．变冷是因为瓶内氧气喷出时带走了钢瓶的热量B．变冷是因为氧气喷出时外界对瓶内气体做功C．氧气喷出时瓶内气体分子的平均动能增大D．当钢瓶内外气压相等时立即关闭阀门，几分钟后，瓶内压强大于瓶外大气压二．单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分．每小题只有一个正确选项）9．（3分）下列关于气体的说法中正确的是（）A．气体温度升高时，分子的平均动能增大，撞击器壁的平均作用力增大，气体压强一定增大B．气体体积变小时，单位体积的分子数增多，单位时间内撞击到器壁单位面积上的分子数增多，气体压强一定增大C．气体吸收热量，同时对外界做功，气体分子平均动能一定增加D．分子a从远外接近分子b的过程中，忽略其它分子对a的作用，a受b的作用力为零时，a的动能一定最大10．（3分）图中MN、GH为足够长光滑平行金属导轨，金属棒AB、CD垂直放在两导轨上，整个装置在同一水平面内．匀强磁场垂直于导轨所在的平面，方向如图．若给CD杆一个水平向右的速度，则（）A．AB、CD最终都处于静止状态B．AB、CD最终以相同的速度保持匀速直线运动状态C．AB、CD最终保持匀速直线运动状态，但v CD＞v ABD．AB、CD不断做往复运动11．（3分）如图所示，将一条形磁铁沿闭合线圈中心轴线以不同速度匀速穿过线圈，第一次所用时间为t1，第二次所用时间为t2．则（）A．两次通过电阻R的电荷量相同B．两次电阻R中产生的热量相同C．每次电阻R中通过的电流方向保持不变D．磁铁处于线圈左侧时受到的磁场力向左，处于线圈右侧时受到的磁场力向右12．（3分）甲、乙两物体在同一直线上运动，它们在0～4s时间内的v﹣t图象如图所示．若仅在两物体之间存在相互作用，则物体甲与乙的质量之比和图中时间t1分别为（）A．和3s B．3和3s C．和2.8s D．3和2.8s 13．（3分）如图所示，在x轴上的两点分别放有﹣Q和+4Q两个点电荷，位置坐标分别为0和1．反映沿x轴电势分布情况的图线，正确是（）A．B．C．D．14．（3分）如图所示的电路中，电池的电动势为E，内阻为r，电路中的电阻R1、R2和R3为定值电阻．在电键S1处于闭合状态下，若将电键S2由位置1切换到位置2，则（）A．电压表的示数变大B．电池内部消耗的功率变大C．电阻R3的功率变小D．电池的效率变大15．（3分）R1为定值电阻，R2为滑动变阻器，2个电阻采用如图（a）方式接在电动势为E，内阻为r的电源上，利用电压传感器和电流传感器研究R2上的电压与电流变化关系．当自上向下滑动R2上的滑片时，通过数据采集器将电压与电流信号输入计算机后，在屏幕上得到的U﹣I图象应为右图中的（）A．B．C．D．16．（3分）如图所示，为中学物理课上一种演示气体定律的有趣仪器﹣﹣哈勃瓶，它是一个底部开有圆孔，瓶颈很短的平底大烧瓶．在瓶内塞有一气球，气球的吹气口反扣在瓶口上，瓶底的圆孔上配有一个橡皮塞．在一次实验中，瓶内由气球和橡皮塞封闭一定质量的气体，在对气球缓慢吹气过程中，当瓶内气体体积减小△V时，压强增大20%．若使瓶内气体体积减小2△V，则其压强增大（）A．20%B．30%C．40%D．50%三．多项选择题（共16分，每小题4分．每小题有二个或三个正确选项．全选对的，得4分；选对但不全的，得2分；有选错或不答的，得0分）17．（4分）某同学在利用斜面研究加速度与力的关系，得到拉力F与小车加速度的a的关系如图所示，若当地的重力加速度为g，不计斜面的摩擦阻力，则根据图象可以求出（）A．小车的质量B．小车运动的时间C．斜面倾斜角D．小车运动的位移18．（4分）如图1所示，高空滑索是一项勇敢者的游戏，一个人用轻绳通过轻质滑环悬吊在倾角为θ=30°的足够长的钢索上运动，在下滑过程中可能会出现如图2和如图3所示的两种情形，不计空气阻力，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．图2的情形中，人可能匀速下滑B．图2的情形中，钢索对轻环的作用力小于人的重力C．图3的情形中，钢索对轻环可能无摩擦力D．图3的情形中，若轻环突然被卡而停止，则在此瞬间轻绳对人的拉力一定大于人的重力19．（4分）如图1所示为热敏电阻的R﹣t图象，图2为用此热敏电阻R和继电器组成的一个简单恒温箱温控电路，继电器线圈的电阻为10Ω，当线圈中的电流大于或等于20mA时，继电器的衔铁被吸合．为继电器线圈供电的电池电动势E=9.0V，内阻不计．图中的“电源”是恒温箱加热器的电源，则（）A．应该把恒温箱内的加热器接在“A、B端”B．应该把恒温箱内的加热器接在“C、D端”C．如果要使恒温箱内的温度保持50℃，可变电阻R′的值应调节到350ΩD．如果要使恒温箱内的温度保持50℃，可变电阻R′的值应调节到360Ω20．（4分）AB是一条平直公路边上的两块路牌，一辆匀速行驶的小车由右向左经过B路牌时，一只小鸟恰自A路牌向B匀速飞去，小鸟飞到小车正上方立即折返，以原速率飞回A，过一段时间后，小车也行驶到A．它们的位置与时间的关系如图所示，图中t2=2t1，由图可知（）A．小鸟的速率是汽车速率的两倍B．相遇时小鸟与汽车位移的大小之比是3：1C．小鸟飞行的总路程是汽车的1.5倍D．小鸟和小车在0﹣t2时间内位移相等四．填空题（共20分，每小题4分．答案写在答题纸的指定位置．）21．（4分）因测试需要，一辆汽车在某雷达测速区沿平直路面从静止开始匀加速一段时间后，又接着做匀减速运动直到最后停止．下表中给出了雷达每隔2s记录的汽车速度数值．时刻（s）0 2.0 4.0 6.08.010.012.014.016.018.020.022.0速度（m/s）0 4.08.012.016.016.513.510.57.5 4.5 1.50由表中数据可知：汽车在测试过程中的最大速率为m/s；汽车在该区域行驶的总位移为m．22．（4分）如图1所示，某汽车以不变的速率驶入一个狭长的圆弧弯道，弯道两端与两直道相切，有人在车内测量汽车的向心加速度大小随时间的变化情况，其关系图象如图2所示，则汽车经过弯道的时间为s；汽车过弯道时的速率为m/s23．（4分）带有活塞的汽缸内封闭一定量的理想气体．气体开始处于状态a，然后经过过程ab到达状态b或经过过程ac到状态c，b、c状态温度相同，如V ﹣T图所示．设气体在状态b和状态c的压强分别为P b、和P C，在过程ab和ac中吸收的热量分别为Q ab和Q ac，则P b P C，Q ab Q ac（均选填“＞”、“=”或“＜”）．24．（4分）如图所示，U形管右管内径为左管内径的倍，管内水银在左管内封闭了一段长为26cm、温度为280K的空气柱，左右两管水银面高度差为36cm，大气压为76cmHg．现向右管缓补充水银，保持左管内气体的温度不变，当左管空气柱长度变为20cm时，左管内气体的压强为cmHg；若给左管的气体加热，使管内气柱长度恢复到26cm，则管内气体的温度为K．25．（4分）如图所示，在一次救灾工作中，一架离水面高为H，沿水平直线飞行的直升机A，用悬索（重力可忽略不计）救护困在湖水中的伤员B，已知伤员B的质量为m，不计空气阻力，在直升机A和伤员B以相同的水平速度水平匀速运动的同时，悬索将伤员吊起．A、B之间的距离l随时间t的变化规律为：l=H﹣kt2（SI制单位，k为给定常数），则在时间t 内伤员的机械能增加了；t 时刻悬索拉力的瞬时功率为．五．实验题（共24分．答案写在答题纸的指定位置．）26．（4分）在研究电磁感应现象和磁通量变化时感应电流方向的实验中，所需的实验器材已用导线连接成如图所示的实验电路（1）将线圈A插入线圈B中，闭合开关的瞬间，线圈B中感应电流与线圈A 中电流的绕行方向（填“相同”或“相反”）．（2）（多选）某同学设想使一线圈中电流逆时针流动，另一线圈中感应电流顺时针流动，可行的实验操作是（A）抽出线圈L1（B）插入软铁棒（C）使变阻器滑片P左移（D）断开开关．27．（6分）如图所示，物块A和B，分别系在一条跨过定滑轮的软绳两端，放手后，A向下B向上加速运动，现要利用此装置验证机械能守恒定律．（1）若选定物块A从静止开始下落的过程中进行测量，则需要测量的物理量有．（选填下面的序号）①物块A和B的质量；②物块A下落的距离及下落这段距离所用的时间；③绳子的长度．（2）为提高实验结果的准确程度，某小组同学对此实验提出以下建议：①绳的质量要轻；②尽量保证物块只沿竖直方向运动，不要摇晃；③两个物块的质量之差要尽可能小．以上建议中确实对提高准确程度有作用的是．（3）写出一条上面没有提到的对提高实验结果准确程度有益的建议．28．（6分）某探究小组设计了“用一把尺子测定动摩擦因数”的实验方案。
2024年上海市静安区高三一模物理试题(期末)
2024年上海市静安区高三一模物理试题（期末）一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题一列沿x轴正向传播的简谐波，t=0时刻的波形如图所示，t=7s时d质点第二次位于波峰位置，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．波上各质点的起振方向向上B．波的传播速度大小为4m/sC．0~7s内a、b两质点运动路程均为1.4mD．b质点的振动方程为第(2)题一列简谐横波沿x轴传播，图甲是t=2s时刻该简谐横波的波形图；图乙是平衡位置在x=3m处的质点P的振动图像，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．简谐横波沿x轴正方向传播B．简谐横波的频率为2HzC．简谐横波的波速为1m/s D．t=1.5s时质点P在波峰第(3)题如图所示，匝数不同的两线圈分别位于条形磁铁的左侧与下方，线圈均与阻值为R的电阻连接，轴线在同一平面内且相互垂直。
两线圈到其轴线交点O的距离相等，条形磁铁的中心也在O点且绕O点在该平面内匀速转动，不计线圈电阻、自感及两线圈间的相互影响，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．两线圈中均产生恒定电流B．两线圈中磁通量变化率的最大值相等C．两线圈产生的电动势同时达到最大值D．条形磁铁转动一圈电阻的发热量相同第(4)题一列简谐横波沿x轴传播，时刻波的图像如图甲所示，处的质点M的振动图线如图乙所示。
下列说法正确的是（）A．时质点M位于波峰B．在0~11s内质点M通过的路程为2.2mC．在0~8s内波传播的距离为16mD．质点M的振动方程是第(5)题如图所示，一定质量的理想气体从a状态开始，经历b、c状态再次回到a状态。
b到c过程气体放热，c到a过程气体吸热。
则下列说法正确的是（ ）A．c→a过程相同时间内撞到单位面积上的分子数减少B．a→b过程气体温度先减小后增大C．a→b过程气体吸热3.75JD．经过一个循环，气体对外界做的总功为第(6)题水平桌面上放置着两个用同一根均匀金属丝制成的单匝线圈1和线圈2，半径分别为和（俯视图如图1所示）。
竖直方向有匀强磁场，磁感应强度随时间变化的关系如图2所示。
静安区2012学年高三年级第一学期期末教学质量检测文理合并
静安区2012学年高三年级第一学期期末教学质量检测数学试卷（文理科合并）（试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟） 2013.1一、填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14题，考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1．已知函数)722sin(21)(π+=ax x f 的最小正周期为π4，则正实数a = .2．等比数列{}n a （*N n ∈）中，若1612=a ，215=a ，则=12a .3．（理）两条直线0943:1=+-y x l 和03125:2=-+y x l 的夹角大小为 .（文）求和：n n n n n n C C C C 32793321++++ = .（*N n ∈）4．（理）设圆过双曲线116922=-yx的一个顶点和一个焦点，圆心在此双曲线上，则圆心到双曲线中心的距离是 . （文）同理35．（理）某旅游团要从8个风景点中选两个风景点作为当天上午的游览地，在甲和乙两个风景点中至少需选一个，不考虑游览顺序，共有 种游览选择． （文）设x ，y 满足条件⎩⎨⎧≤+≤-≤-≤,11,31y x y x 则点),(y x 构成的平面区域面积等于 .6．（理）求和：n n n n n nC C C C ++++ 32132= .（*N n ∈）（文）设y x ,满足约束条件⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≤≤≤≤≤+≤+,40,30,1223,5y x y x y x 使目标函数y x z 56+=的值最大的点),(y x 坐标是 .7．（理）设数列{}n a 满足当2n a n >（*N n ∈）成立时，总可以推出21)1(+>+n a n 成立．下列四个命题：（1）若93≤a ，则164≤a ．（2）若103=a ，则255>a ．（3）若255≤a ，则164≤a ． （4）若2)1(+≥n a n ，则21n a n >+．其中正确的命题是 .（填写你认为正确的所有命题序号） （文）设圆过双曲线116922=-yx右支的顶点和焦点，圆心在此双曲线上，则圆心到双曲线中心的距离是 .8．（理）已知曲线C 的极坐标方程为θρsin 4=．若以极点为原点，极轴为x 轴的正半轴建立平面直角坐标系，直线l 的参数方程为⎩⎨⎧+⋅=⋅=23,2t y t x （t 为参数），则此直线l 被曲线C 截得的线段长度为 . （文）同理59．（理）请写出如图的算法流程图输出的S 值 .（文）已知0<a ，关于x 的不等式04)1(22>++-x a ax 的解集是 . 10．（理）已知α、β为锐角，且2si nco ss i n 1si nc o s si n 1=-+⋅-+βββααα，则βαtan tan = . （文）已知α、β为锐角，且2)2tan1)(2tan1(=++βα，则βαt a n t a n = .11．（理）机器人“海宝”在某圆形区域表演“按指令行走”．如图所示，“海宝”从圆心O 出发，先沿北偏西1312arcsin方向行走13米至点A 处，再沿正南方向行走14米至点B 处，最后沿正东方向行走至点C 处，点B 、C 都在圆O 上．则在以圆心O 为坐标原点，正东方向为x 轴正方向，正北方向为y 轴正方向的直角坐标系中圆O 的方程为 .南理第11题理第9题（文）数列{}n a 的前n 项和为22n S n =（*N n ∈），对任意正整数n ，数列{}n b 的项都满足等式022121=+-++n n n n n a b a a a ，则n b = .12．（理）过定点)0,4(F 作直线l 交y 轴于Q 点，过Q 点作QT FQ ⊥交x 轴于T 点，延长TQ 至P 点，使QP TQ =，则P 点的轨迹方程是 . （文）同理1113．（理）已知直线0)1(4)1()1(=+-++-a y a x a （其中a 为实数）过定点P ，点Q 在函数xx y 1+=的图像上，则PQ 连线的斜率的取值范围是 .（文）设P 是函数xx y 2+=（0>x ）的图像上任意一点，过点P 分别向直线x y =和y 轴作垂线，垂足分别为A 、B ，则PB PA ⋅的值是 .14．（理）在复平面内，设点A 、P 所对应的复数分别为i π、)32sin()32cos(ππ-+-t i t （i 为虚数单位），则当t 由12π连续变到4π时，向量AP所扫过的图形区域的面积是 .（文）设复数i a a z )sin 2()cos (θθ-++=（i 为虚数单位），若对任意实数θ，2≤z ，则实数a 的取值范围为 .二、选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，填上正确的答案，选对得5分，否则一律得零分. 15．（理）若复数021≠z z ，则2121z z z z =是12z z =成立的（ ）(A) 充要条件 (B) 既不充分又不必要条件 (C) 充分不必要条件 (D) 必要不充分条件 （文）某地区的绿化面积每年平均比上一年增长10.4%，经过x 年，绿化面积与原绿化面积之比为y ，则y=f(x)的图像大致为 （ ）16．（理）等差数列}{n a 中，已知10573a a =，且01<a ，则数列}{n a 前n 项和n S （*N n ∈）中最小的是（ ）(A) 7S 或8S (B) 12S (C)13S (D)14S （文）同理15 17．（理）函数])5,3[(2126)(2∈-+-=x x x x x f 的值域为（ ）(A) ]3,2[ (B) ]5,2[ (C) ]3,37[ (D) ]4,37[（文）函数])3,1[(42)(2∈+-=x xx x x f 的值域为 （ ）(A) ]3,2[ (B) ]5,2[ (C) ]3,37[ (D) ]4,37[18．（理）已知O 是△ABC 外接圆的圆心，A 、B 、C 为△ABC 的内角，若AO m AC BC AB CB ⋅=+2sin cos sin cos ，则m 的值为 （ ）(A) 1 (B) A sin (C) A cos (D) A tan（文）已知向量a 和b 满足条件：a b ≠且0≠⋅b a .若对于任意实数t ，恒有-≥-，则在a 、b 、b a +、b a -这四个向量中，一定具有垂直关系的两个向量是（ ）(A) a 与b a - (B) b 与b a - (C) a 与b a + (D)b 与b a +三、解答题（本大题满分74分）本大题共5题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤 .19．（理）（本题满分12分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分5分．某仓库为了保持库内的湿度和温度，四周墙上均装有如图所示的自动通风设施．该设施的下部ABCD 是矩形，其中AB =2米，BC =1米；上部CDG 是等边三角形，固定点E 为AB 的中点．△EMN 是由电脑控制其形状变化的三角通风窗（阴影部分均不通风），MN 是可以沿设施边框上下滑动且始终保持和AB 平行的伸缩横杆．（1）设MN 与AB 之间的距离为x 米，试将△EMN 的面积S （平方米）表示成关于x 的函数；（2）求△EMN 的面积S （平方米）的最大值．C（理19题）（文）（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．已知数列}{n a 的递推公式为⎩⎨⎧=∈≥+-=-.2),2(,3231*1a N n n n a a n n（1）令n a b n n -=，求证：数列}{n b 为等比数列； （2）求数列}{n a 的前 n 项和.20．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分．（理）已知a ，b ，c 分别为△ABC 三个内角A 、B 、C 所对的边长，a ，b ，c 成等比数列． （1）求B 的取值范围；（2）若x = B ，关于x 的不等式cos2x -4sin(24x +π)sin(24x-π)+m ＞0恒成立，求实数m 的取值范围．（文）已知c b a ,,分别为△ABC 三个内角A 、B 、C 所对的边长，且c A b B a 53cos cos =-．（1）求：BA tan tan 的值；（2）若060=A ，5=c ，求a 、b ．21．（理）（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．已知数列}{n a 的各项均为非零实数，且对于任意的正整数n ，都有 33231221)(n n a a a a a a +++=+++ ．（1）当3=n 时，求所有满足条件的三项组成的数列1a 、2a 、3a ；（2）试求出数列}{n a 的任一项n a 与它的前一项1-n a 间的递推关系.是否存在满足条件的无穷数列}{n a ，使得20122013-=a ？若存在，求出这样的无穷数列}{n a 的一个通项公式；若不存在，说明理由．（文）（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分8分，第2小题满分6分．某仓库为了保持库内的湿度和温度，四周墙上均装有如图所示的自动通风设施．该设施的下部ABCD 是正方形，其中AB =2米；上部CDG 是等边三角形，固定点E 为AB 的中点．△EMN 是由电脑控制其形状变化的三角通风窗（阴影部分均不通风），MN 是可以沿设施边框上下滑动且始终保持和AB 平行的伸缩横杆．（1）设MN 与AB 之间的距离为x 米，试将△EMN 的面积S （平方米）表示成关于x 的函数； （2）求△EMN 的面积S （平方米）的最大值．22．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分7分．已知椭圆12222=+by ax 的两个焦点为)0,(1c F -、)0,(2c F ，2c 是2a 与2b 的等差中项，其中a 、b 、c 都是正数，过点),0(b A -和)0,(a B 的直线与原点的距离为23．（1）求椭圆的方程；（2）（理）点P 是椭圆上一动点，定点)2,0(1A ，求△11PA F 面积的最大值；（文）过点A 作直线交椭圆于另一点M ，求AM 长度的最大值；（3）已知定点)0,1(-E ，直线t kx y +=与椭圆交于C 、D 相异两点．证明：对任意的0>t ，都存在实数k ，使得以线段CD 为直径的圆过E 点．C（文21题）23．（理）（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分．函数)(x f y =，D x ∈，其中≠D ∅．若对任意D x ∈，)()(x f x f =，则称)(x f y =在D 内为对等函数．（1）指出函数x y =，3x y =，xy 2=在其定义域内哪些为对等函数；（2）试研究对数函数x y alog=（0>a 且1≠a ）在其定义域内是否是对等函数？若是，请说明理由；若不是，试给出其定义域的一个非空子集，使x y alog=在所给集合内成为对等函数；（3）若{}D ⊆0，)(x f y =在D 内为对等函数，试研究)(x f y =（D x ∈）的奇偶性． （文）（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．已知x x f 21log)(=，当点),(y x M 在)(x f y =的图像上运动时，点),2(ny x N -在函数)(x g y n =的图像上运动（*N n ∈）．（1）求)(x g y n =的表达式；（2）若方程)2()(21a x g x g +-=有实根，求实数a 的取值范围； （3）设)(2)(x g n n x H =，函数)()()(11x g x H x F +=（b x a ≤≤<0）的值域为]22log,22[log4252++a b ，求实数a ，b 的值．高三年级 文理科数学试卷答案及评分标准说明1.本解答列出试题的一种解法,如果考生的解法与所列解法不同,可参照解答中评分标准的精神进行评分.2.评阅试卷,应坚持每题评阅到底,不要因为考生的解答中出现错误而中断对该题的评阅,当考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响了后继部分,但该步以后的解答未改变这一题的内容和难度时,可视影响程度决定后面部分的给分,这时原则上不应超过后面部分应给分数之半,如果有较严重的概念性错误,就不给分.3.第19题至第23题中右端所注的分数,表示考生正确做到这一步应得的该题的累加分数.4.给分或扣分均以1分为单位.答案及评分标准1．41=a ； 2．64； 3．（理）6533arccos；（文）14-n4．（理）316；（文）同理3 5．（理）13；（文）2 6．（理）12-⋅n n ；（文）)3,2(7．（理）（2）（3）（4）；（文）316 8．（理）4；（文）同理5 9．（理）91093；（文）)2,2(a10．（文理）1； 11．（理）22522=+y x ；（文）141422-+=n n b n ； 12．（理）x y 162=；（文）同理1113．（理）),3[+∞-；（文）-1 14．（理）6π；（文）]55,55[-.15．（文理）D ； 16．（理）C ；（文）D ； 17．（文理）A ；18．（文理）B19（理）解：（1）①如图1所示，当MN 在矩形区域滑动， 即0＜x ≤1时，△EMN 的面积S =x ⨯⨯221=x ； ··························· 1分②如图2所示，当MN 在三角形区域滑动， 即1＜x ＜31+时，如图，连接EG ，交CD 于点F ，交MN 于点H ，∵ E 为AB 中点，∴ F 为CD 中点，GF ⊥CD ，且FG ＝3.CEN图1又∵ MN ∥CD ， ∴ △MNG ∽△DCG ． ∴GFGH DCMN =，即M N=． ························ 4分故△EMN 的面积S＝12x ⨯＝x x )331(332++-；············································· 6分综合可得：()(20111133x x S x x x ⎧⎪=⎛⎨-+++ ⎪ ⎝⎭⎩，＜≤．＜＜ ···························································7分（2）①当MN 在矩形区域滑动时，x S =，所以有10≤<S ； ········································8分②当MN 在三角形区域滑动时，S =x x )331(332++-.因而，当231+=x （米）时，S 得到最大值，最大值S =3321+（平方米）.∵13321>+，∴ S 有最大值，最大值为3321+平方米. ··································································· 12分（文）解：（1）11113))1((3333323----=--=+-=-+-=-=n n n n n n b n a n a n n a n a b ，2≥n又1111=-=a b ，所以0≠n b （*N n ∈），)2(31≥=-n b b n n所以，数列}{n b 是以1为首项3为公比的等比数列． ··················································6分（2）13-=n n b ，n b a n n +=······················································································8分所以数列}{n a 的前 n 项和)21()(21n b b b S n n +++++++= =2132-++n n n ．·································································································································· 14分20（理）解：（1）∵a 、b 、c 成等比数列，∴b 2=ac ························································1分 则cos B =acbca2222-+=ac acca222-+ ·················································································3分而a 2+c 2≥2ac ∴cos B =acacca222-+≥212=acac ，等号当且仅当a =c 时取得，即21≤cos B ＜1，得到30π≤<B ．·················································································································7分（2）cos2x -4sin(24x π+)sin(24x π-)=cos2x -4sin(24x π+)cos(24x π+)=2cos x 2-2cos x -1=2(cos x -21)2-23 ·················································································· 11分∵x =B ∴21≤cos x ＜1∴2(cos x -21)2-23≥-23则由题意有：-m ＜-23即m ＞23··················································································· 14分（说明：这样分离变量1cos 2cos 22cos cos 22++-=->x x x x m 参照评分） （文）解：（1）由正弦定理Cc Bb Aa sin sin sin ==得C A B B A sin 53cos sin cos sin =-，2分又B A B A B A C sin cos cos sin )sin(sin +=+=，所以A B B A cos sin 58cos sin 52=，5分可得4cos sin cos sin tan tan ==AB B A BA ． ···················································································7分（2）若060=A ，则23s i n =A ，21cos =A ，3tan =A ，得43t a n =B ，可得19194cos =B ，19193sin ⨯=B ． ··········································································· 10分381935sin cos cos sin )sin(sin ⨯=+=+=B A B A B A C ，由正弦定理Cc Bb Aa sin sin sin ==得19sin sin =⋅=A Cc a ，2sin sin =⋅=B Ccb ························································ 14分21（理）解：（1）当1=n 时，3121a a =，由01≠a 得11=a ．····································1分当2=n 时，32221)1(a a +=+，由02≠a 得22=a 或12-=a ．当3=n 时，33322321)1(a a a a ++=++，若22=a 得33=a 或23-=a ；若12-=a 得13=a ； 5分综上讨论，满足条件的数列有三个： 1，2，3或1，2，-2或1，-1，1． ·············································································6分 （2）令n n a a a S +++= 21，则332312n n a a a S +++= （*N n ∈）．从而313323121)(++++++=+n n n n a a a a a S ． ·······················································7分 两式相减，结合01≠+n a ，得1212++-=n n n a a S ． ······················································8分 当1=n 时，由（1）知11=a ；当2≥n 时，)(221--=n n n S S a =)()(2121n n n n a a a a ---++，即0)1)((11=--+++n n n n a a a a ，所以n n a a -=+1或11+=+n n a a ． ·························· 12分 又11=a ，20122013-=a ，所以无穷数列{}n a 的前2012项组成首项和公差均为1的等差数列，从第2013项开始组成首项为-2012，公比为-1的等比数列．故⎩⎨⎧>-⋅≤≤=)2012()1(2012)20121(n n n a nn ． ··········································································· 14分 （说明：本题用余弦定理，或者正弦定理余弦定理共同使用也可解得，请参照评分）（文）解：（1）①如图1所示，当MN 在正方形区域滑动， 即0＜x ≤2时，△EMN 的面积S =x ⨯⨯221=x ； ··························· 2分②如图2所示，当MN 在三角形区域滑动， 即2＜x ＜32+时，如图，连接EG ，交CD 于点F ，交MN 于点H ， ∵ E 为AB 中点，∴ F 为CD 中点，GF ⊥CD ，且FG ＝3. 又∵ MN ∥CD ， ∴ △MNG ∽△DCG ． ∴GFGH DCMN =，即3)23(2x MN -+=． ················· 5分故△EMN 的面积S ＝x x ⋅-+⋅3)23(221 ＝x x )3321(332++-； ··········································· 7分综合可得： ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+<<++-≤<=322,)3321(3320,2x x x x x S ····························································8分 说明：讨论的分段点x=2写在下半段也可．EN图1BC图2（2）①当MN 在正方形区域滑动时，x S =，所以有20≤<S ； ·································· 10分②当MN 在三角形区域滑动时，S =x x )3321(332++-.因而，当2231<+=x （米），S 在)32,2(+上递减，无最大值，20<<S ．所以当2=x 时，S 有最大值，最大值为2平方米. ···················································· 14分 22．解：（1）在椭圆中，由已知得222222b a b ac +=-= ···········································1分过点),0(b A -和)0,(a B 的直线方程为1=-+by ax ，即0=--ab ay bx ，该直线与原点的距离为23，由点到直线的距离公式得：2322=+ba ab ···················································3分解得：1,322==b a ；所以椭圆方程为11322=+yx····················································4分 （2）（理）)0,2(1-F ，直线11A F 的方程为22+=x y ，611=A F ，当椭圆上的点P 到直线11A F 距离最大时，△11PA F 面积取得最大值·······························································6分设与直线11A F 平行的直线方程为d x y +=2，将其代入椭圆方程11322=+yx得：01223722=-++dx dx ，0=∆，即0328328822=+-dd，解得72=d，当7-=d 时，椭圆上的点P 到直线11A F 距离最大为372+，此时△11PA F 面积为21422372621+=+··························································································9分（文）设),(y x M ，则)1(322y x -=，422)1(2222++-=++=y y y x AM，其中11≤≤-y ·····································································································································6分 当21=y 时，2AM取得最大值29，所以AM 长度的最大值为223····························9分（3）将t kx y +=代入椭圆方程，得0336)31(222=-+++t ktx x k ，由直线与椭圆有两个交点，所以0)1)(31(12)6(222>-+-=∆t k kt ，解得3122->t k································ 11分设),(11y x C 、),(22y x D ，则221316kkt x x +-=+，222131)1(3kt x x +-=⋅，因为以CD 为直径的圆过E 点，所以0=⋅ED EC ，即0)1)(1(2121=+++y y x x ， ····································· 13分 而))((2121t kx t kx y y ++==221212)(t x x tk x x k +++，所以01316)1(31)1(3)1(22222=++++-+-+t kkt tk kt k ，解得tt k 3122-=······························ 14分如果3122->t k对任意的0>t 都成立，则存在k ，使得以线段CD 为直径的圆过E 点．09)1(31)312(2222222>+-=---ttt t tt ，即3122->t k．所以，对任意的0>t ，都存在k ，使得以线段CD 为直径的圆过E 点． ··········································································· 16分 23（理）解：（1）x y =，3x y =是对等函数； ·························································4分 （2）研究对数函数x y alog =，其定义域为),0(+∞，所以x x aaloglog=，又0log≥x a，所以当且仅当0log≥x a时)()(x f x f =成立．所以对数函数x y alog=在其定义域),0(+∞内不是对等函数． ·············································································································6分 当10<<a 时，若]1,0(∈x ，则0log ≥x a，此时x y alog=是对等函数；当1>a 时，若),1[+∞∈x ，则0log≥x a，此时x y alog=是对等函数；总之，当10<<a 时，在]1,0(及其任意非空子集内x y alog =是对等函数；当1>a 时，在),1[+∞及其任意非空子集内x y alog=是对等函数． ····························································· 10分（3）对任意D x ∈，讨论)(x f 与)(x f -的关系． 1）若D 不关于原点对称，如x y =虽是对等函数，但不是奇函数或偶函数； ··········· 11分2）若{}0=D ，则0)0()0(≥=f f ．当0)0(=f 时，)(x f 既是奇函数又是偶函数；当0)0(>f 时，)(x f 是偶函数． ·································································································· 13分 3）以下均在D 关于原点对称的假设下讨论． 当0>x 时，0)()()(≥==x f x f x f ；当0<x 时，)()()(x f x f x f =-=，若)()(x f x f =，则有)()(x f x f =-；此时，当0>x 时，0<-x ，令t x =-，则t x -=，且0<t ，由前面讨论知，)()(t f t f =-，从而)()(x f x f -=；综上讨论，当0<x 时，若0)(≥x f ，则)(x f 是偶函数． ·········································· 15分 若当0<x 时，0)(≤x f ，则)()()()(x f x f x f x f -==-=；此时，当0>x 时，0<-x ，令t x =-，则t x -=，且0<t ，由前面讨论知，)()(t f t f -=-，从而)()(x f x f --=； 若0)0(=f ，则对任意D x ∈，都有)()(x f x f -=-．综上讨论，若当0<x 时，0)(≤x f ，且0)0(=f ，则)(x f 是奇函数．若0)0(≠f ，则)(x f 不是奇函数也不是偶函数． ························································································· 18分 （文）解：（1）由⎩⎨⎧-==)2(),(x g ny x f y n 得x n x nf x g n 21log)()2(==-，所以)2(log)(21+=x n x g n ，（2->x ）． ·················································································································4分 （2）)(log 2)2(log2121a x x +=+，即a x x +=+2（02>+x ） ··························6分2++-=x x a ，令02>+=x t ，所以4922≤++-=t t a ，当47-=x 时，49=a ．即实数a 的取值范围是]49,(-∞··························································································· 10分（3）因为nx n n x x H )2(12)()2(log21+==+，所以)2(log21)(21+++=x x x F ．)(x F 在),2(+∞-上是减函数．···················································································· 12分。
静安区高三物理一模卷(含答案)
静安区2014学年第一学期质量检测高三物理试卷 2014．12考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
全卷包括六大题，第一、二大题为单项选择题，第三大题为多项选择题，第四大题为填空题，第五大题为实验题，第六大题为计算题。
考生注意：1、答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上清楚填写学校、班级、姓名、考号，并用2B 铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写考号．2、第一、第二和第三大题的作答必须用2B 铅笔涂在答题纸上相应的区域内与试卷题号对应的位置，需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
第四、第五和第六大题的作答必须用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置（作图可用铅笔）。
3、第30、31、32、33题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤．只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分．有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
一．（16分）单项选择题Ⅰ 本大题有8小题，每小题2分 1．关于宇宙，下列说法中正确的是 （A ）地球是宇宙中唯一有卫星的星球 （B ）恒星的寿命取决于亮度（C ）太阳能够发光、放热，主要是因为太阳内部不断发生化学反应 （D ）银河系是一种旋涡星系，太阳处在其中的一个旋臂上2．如图所示为某一“门”电路的输入与输出关系波形图。
A 、B 为输入信号，Z 为输出信号，由图可知，该门电路是 （A ）“或”门 （B ）“与”门 （C ）“非”门 （D ）“与非”门3．温度不同的两块金属接触，达热平衡后，它们具有相同的物理量是 （A ）分子平均动能 （B ）分子势能 （C ）内能 （D ）热量4．如图所示，用轻绳系住一小球静止在光滑斜面上。
若要按力的实际作用效果来分解小球的重力G ，则G 的两个分力的方向分别是图中的 (A) 1和4 (B)2和4 (C)3和4 (D)3和25．一节干电池的电动势为1.5V ，表示该电池A B Z（B ）在工作状态下两极间的电压恒定为1.5V （C ）比电动势为1.2V 的电池存储的电能多（D ）将1C 电量由负极输送到正极过程中，非静电力做了1.5J 的功6．如图为一定质量理想气体的压强P 与体积V 关系图像，它由状态A 经等容过程到状态B ，再经等压过程到状态C 。
2024年上海市静安区高三一模物理试题(期末)
2024年上海市静安区高三一模物理试题（期末）一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题如图所示，圆心为O、半径为R的半圆形玻璃砖置于水平桌面上，一束蓝光从P点垂直界面入射（）后，恰好能在玻璃砖圆形表面发生全反射，已知O、P间的距离为。
不考虑玻璃砖圆形内表面反射的光线，以下说法正确的是（ ）A．玻璃砖的折射率为B．当入射角时，从玻璃砖射出的光线与入射光线平行C．选择合适的入射角（），光线也可以在圆形表面发生全反射D．在相同的情况下，红光在玻璃砖中传播的时间比蓝光长第(2)题在静电场中，将一正电荷从a移动到b点，电场力做了负功，则（）A．b点的电场强度一定比a点大B．电场线方向一定从b指向aC．b点的电势一定比a点高D．该电荷的动能一定减小第(3)题2022年5月10日01时56分，天舟四号货运飞船成功相会天和核心舱，天和核心舱距离地面约，地球北极的重力加速度为g，地球赤道表面的重力加速度为，地球自转的周期为T，天和核心舱轨道为正圆，根据题目的已知条件（万有引力常量G未知），下列说法错误的是（ ）A．可以求出天舟四号的线速度B．可以求出地球的质量C．可以求出地球的半径D．可以求出天舟四号的周期第(4)题如图所示，屋顶摩天轮“芯动北仑”的轮盘的直径是52米，转一圈时间为13分14秒，轿厢中游客的运动可视为匀速圆周运动，下列说法正确的是（）A．游客始终处于失重状态B．游客的线速度大小约为0.2m/sC．游客的角速度大小约为1.3×10-3rad/sD．轿厢对游客的作用力的大小保持不变第(5)题在太空实验室中可以利用匀速圆周运动测量小球质量。
如图所示，不可伸长的轻绳一端固定于O点，另一端系一待测小球，使其绕О做匀速圆周运动，用力传感器测得绳上的拉力为F，用停表测得小球转过n圈所用的时间为t，用刻度尺测得О点到球心的距离为R。
下列说法正确的是（）A．圆周运动轨道只能处于水平面内B．小球的质量为C．若误将1到5圈的时间记作5圈，则所得质量偏小D．若测R时未计入小球半径，则所得质量偏小第(6)题在沿水平方向的匀强磁场中，有一圆形金属圈可绕沿其直径的竖直轴自由转动，开始时线圈静止，线圈平面与磁场方向既不平行也不垂直，所成的锐角为。
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静安区2011学年第一学期质量检测试卷高三物理试卷考生注意：本试卷分第I 卷和第II 卷两部分．满分150分．考试时间为120分钟． 本卷有答题纸，一律在答题纸上作答，考试结束只交答题纸。
第I 卷（共56分）一．单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分．每小题只有一个正确选项） 1、平均速度定义式为t s v ∆∆=，当t ∆极短时，ts ∆∆可以表示物体在t 时刻的瞬时速度，该定义应用了下列哪种物理方法A ．等效替代法B ．微元法C ．控制变量法D ．极限思想法2、如图所示的逻辑电路中，，当A 端、B 端分别输入电信号为“1”、“0”时，C 端和D 端输出的电信号分别为A ．“0”和“0”B ．“1”和“0”C ．“0”和“1”D ．“1”和“1”3、如图，电梯与水平地面成θ角，一人静止站在电梯水平梯板上，电梯以匀加速度a 启动过程中，水平梯板对人的支持力和摩擦力分别为N 和f 。
若电梯启动加速度改为2a ，则下面结论正确的是 A ．水平梯板对人的支持力变为2N B ．水平梯板对人的摩擦力变为2fC ．水平梯板对人的摩擦力和支持力之比为N f D ．水平梯板对人的摩擦力和支持力之比为Nf24、如图所示，abc 为质量均匀的直角等边曲杆，曲杆可绕c 端的光滑铰链,在竖直平面内转动。
若施加在a 端的力F 始终竖直向上，在曲杆顺时针缓慢转动900（从实线转到虚线）的过程中，力F 的力矩M 大小的变化情况是 A ．一直M 减小 B ．M 一直增大 C ．M 先减小后增大 D ．M 先增大后减小5．如图所示，一定质量的空气被水银封闭在静置于竖直平面的U 型玻璃管内，右管上端开口且足够长，右管内水银面比左管内水银面高h ，能使h 变小的是abF（A）环境温度升高。
（B）大气压强升高。
（C）沿管壁向右管内加水银。
（D）U型玻璃管自由下落。
6、关于电场线，下列说法中正确的是A．电场线就是初速度为零的正电荷在电场中的运动轨迹B．电场线的分布情况可以等效替代电场的分布C．电场线是为了研究电场而引入的物理模型D．电荷间的相互作用是通过电场线而产生的7、边长为L的正立方体区域内存在着匀强电场，电场强度为E，a、b为正方体的两个顶点，则a、b两点的电势差U ab不可能．．．的是A．U ab = -1.5EL B．U ab = 0C．U ab = 2EL D．U ab = EL8、如图所示，导热性能良好的钢瓶内装有高压氧气，打开阀门氧气迅速从瓶口喷出，此时握钢瓶的手明显感觉变冷A．变冷是因为瓶内氧气喷出时带走了钢瓶的热量；B．变冷是因为氧气喷出时外界对瓶内气体做功；C．氧气喷出时瓶内气体分子的平均动能增大；D．当钢瓶内外气压相等时立即关闭阀门，几分钟后，瓶内压强大于瓶外大气压二．单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分．每小题只有一个正确选项）9、下列关于气体的说法中正确的是A．气体温度升高时，分子的平均动能增大，撞击器壁的平均作用力增大，气体压强一定增大B．气体体积变小时，单位体积的分子数增多，单位时间内撞击到器壁单位面积上的分子数增多，气体压强一定增大C．气体吸收热量，同时对外界做功，，气体分子平均动能一定增加D．分子a从远外接近分子b的过程中，忽略其它分子对a的作用，a受b的作用力为零时，a的动能一定最大10、右图中MN、GH为足够长光滑平行金属导轨，金属棒AB、CD垂直放在两导轨上，整个装置在同一水平面内。
匀强磁场垂直于导轨所在的平面，方向如图。
若给CD杆一个水平向右的速度，则A．AB、CD最终都处于静止状态vB．AB、CD最终以相同的速度保持匀速直线运动状态C．AB、CD最终保持匀速直线运动状态，但v CD> v AB D．AB、CD不断做往复运动11、如图所示，将一条形磁铁沿闭合线圈中心轴线以不同速度匀速穿过线圈，第一次所用时间为t 1，第二次所用时间为t 2。
则A ．两次通过电阻R 的电荷量相同B ．两次电阻R 中产生的热量相同C ．每次电阻R 中通过的电流方向保持不变D ．磁铁处于线圈左侧时受到的磁场力向左，处于线圈右侧时受到的磁场力向右12、甲、乙两物体在同一直线上运动，它们在0～4s 时间内的v-t 图象如图所示。
若仅在两物体之间存在相互作用，则物体甲与乙的质量之比和图中时间t 1分别为A ．13和3s B ．3和3s C ．13和2.8s D ．3和2.8s13、如图（a ）所示，在x 轴上的两点分别放有-Ｑ和+4Ｑ两个点电荷，位置坐标分别为0和1。
图（b ）是反映沿x 轴电势分布情况的图线，正确是14、如图所示的电路中，电池的电动势为E ，内阻为r ，电路中的电阻R 1、R 2和R 3为定值电阻。
在电键S 1处于闭合状态下，若将电键S 2由位置1切换到位置2，则 A ．电压表的示数变大B ．电池内部消耗的功率变大C ．电阻R 3的功率变小D．电池的效率变大15、R1为定值电阻，R2为滑动变阻器，2个电阻采用如图（a）方式接在电动势为E，内阻为r的电源上，利用电压传感器和电流传感器研究R2上的电压与电流变化关系。
当自上向下滑动R2上的滑片时，通过数据采集器将电压与电流信号输入计算机后，在屏幕上得到的U-I图像应为右图中的16、如图所示，为中学物理课上一种演示气体定律的有趣仪器——哈勃瓶，它是一个底部开有圆孔，瓶颈很短的平底大烧瓶。
在瓶内塞有一气球，气球的吹气口反扣在瓶口上，瓶底的圆孔上配有一个橡皮塞。
在一次实验中，瓶内由气球和橡皮塞封闭一定质量的气体，在对气球缓慢吹∆时，压强增大20% 。
气过程中，当瓶内气体体积减小V∆，则其压强增大若使瓶内气体体积减小2VA．20% B．30% C．40% D．50%三．多项选择题（共16分，每小题4分．每小题有二个或三个正确选项．全选对的，得4分；选对但不全的，得2分；有选错或不答的，得0分）17、某同学在利用斜面研究加速度与力的关系，得到拉力F与小车加速度的a的关系如图所示，若当地的重力加速度为g，不计斜面的摩擦阻力，则根据图像可以求出A．小车的质量B．小车运动的时间C．斜面倾斜角D．小车运动的位移18、如图甲所示，高空滑索是一项勇敢者的游戏，一个人用轻绳通过轻质滑环悬吊在倾角为θ=30°的足够长的钢索上运动，在下滑过程中可能会出现如图乙和如图丙所示的两种情形，不计空气阻力，则下列说法中正确的是A．图乙的情形中，人可能匀速下滑B．图乙的情形中，钢索对轻环的作用力小于人的重力C．图丙的情形中，钢索对轻环可能无摩擦力D．图丙的情形中，若轻环突然被卡而停止，则在此瞬间轻绳对人的拉力一定大于人的重力19、如图(甲)所示为热敏电阻的R—t图象，图(乙)为用此热敏电阻R和继电器组成的一个简单恒温箱温控电路，继电器线圈的电阻为10Ω，当线圈中的电流大于或等于20mA时，继电器的衔铁被吸合。
为继电器线圈供电的电池电动势E＝9.0 V，内阻不计．图中的“电源”是恒温箱加热器的电源，则A．应该把恒温箱内的加热器接在“A、B端”B．应该把恒温箱内的加热器接在“C、D端”C．如果要使恒温箱内的温度保持50℃，可变电阻R′的值应调节到350ΩD．如果要使恒温箱内的温度保持50℃，可变电阻R′的值应调节到360Ω20、AB是一条平直公路边上的两块路牌，一辆匀速行驶的小车由右向左经过B路牌时，一只小鸟恰自A路牌向B匀速飞去，小鸟飞到小车正上方立即折返，以原速率飞回A，过一段时间后，小车也行驶到A。
它们的位置与时间的关系如图所示，图中t2 = 2t1 ，由图可知A．小鸟的速率是汽车速率的两倍B．相遇时小鸟与汽车位移的大小之比是3:1C．小鸟飞行的总路程是汽车的1.5倍D．小鸟和小车在0－t2 时间内位移相等第II 卷（共94分）四．填空题（共20分，每小题4分．答案写在答题纸的指定位置．）21、因测试需要，一辆汽车在某雷达测速区沿平直路面从静止开始匀加速一段时间后，又接着做匀减速运动直到最后停止。
下表中给出了雷达每隔2s 记录的汽车速度数值。
由表中数据可知：汽车在测试过程中的最大速率为____m/s ；汽车在该区域行驶的总位移为____m 。
22、如图甲所示，某汽车以不变的速率驶入一个狭长的41圆弧弯道，弯道两端与两直道相切，有人在车内测量汽车的向心加速度大小随时间的变化情况，其关系图象如图乙所示，则汽车经过弯道的时间为______s ；汽车过弯道时的速率为________m/s 。
23、带有活塞的汽缸内封闭一定量的理想气体。
气体开始处于状态a ，然后经过过程ab 到达状态b 或经过过程ac 到状态c ，b 、c 状态温度相同，如V-T 图所示。
设气体在状态b 和状态c 的压强分别为P b 、和P C ，在过程ab 和ac 中吸收的热量分别为Q ab 和Q ac ，则P b P C ，Q ab Q ac （均选填“＞”、“＝”或“＜”）。
24、如图所示，U 形管右管内径为左管内径的2倍，管内水银在左管内封闭了一段长为26cm 、温度为280K 的空气柱，左右两管水银面高度差为36cm ，大气压为 76 cmHg 。
现向右管缓补充水银，保持左管内气体的温度不变，当左管空气柱长度变为20cm 时，左管内气体的压强为_________cmHg ；若给左管的气体加热，使管内气柱长度恢复到26cm ，则管内气体的温度为_________K 。
25、如图所示，在一次救灾工作中，一架离水面高为 H ，沿水平直线飞行的直升机A，用悬索(重力可忽略不计)救护困在湖水中的伤员B，已知伤员B的质量为m，不计空气阻力，在直升机A和伤员B以相同的水平速度水平匀速运动的同时，悬索将伤员吊起。
A、B之间的距离l随时间t的变化规律为：l = H - kt2 (SI制单位，k为给定常数)，则在时间t内伤员的机械能增加了________；t时刻悬索拉力的瞬时功率为______________。
五．实验题（共24分．答案写在答题纸的指定位置．）26．（4分）在研究电磁感应现象和磁通量变化时感应电流方向的实验中，所需的实验器材已用导线连接成如图所示的实验电路（1）将线圈A插入线圈B中，闭合开关的瞬间，线圈B中感应电流与线圈A中电流的绕行方向___________（填“相同”或“相反”）。
（多选）某同学设想使一线圈中电流逆时针流动，（2）另一线圈中感应电流顺时针流动，可行的实验操作是（A）抽出线圈L1（B）插入软铁棒（C）使变阻器滑片P左移（D）断开开关27．（6分）如图所示，物块A和B，分别系在一条跨过定滑轮的软绳两端，放手后，A向下B向上加速运动，现要利用此装置验证机械能守恒定律。
（1）若选定物块A从静止开始下落的过程中进行测量，则需要测量的物理量有_________。