2012年回忆版真题以及复习建议
2012年山东省三支一扶考试笔试真题回忆版
2012年山东省三支一扶考试真题（回忆版）一、单选（单选45个，每个0.8）1、我国产业结构的现状2、市场竞争的三个阶段即原始阶段、差异化阶段、文化阶段3、在经济统计和分析工作中，GDP、社会消费品、零售总额等指标使用（不变价）表示的4、城乡教育不均衡，关键是在（区域）？5、中国特色社会主义核心价值体系，精髓是？以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神是社会主义核心价值体系的精髓。
6、就最近发生的事、思想倾向、社会活动发表的议论文章是指？7、2012三农一号文件是新世纪以来第几个，第九个8、农村经营方式家庭联产......9、闲置土地征收多少罚金国土部6月7日正式发布经修订通过的《闲置土地处置办法》，规定未动工开发满一年的闲置土地，由市、县国土资源主管部门按照土地出让或者划拨价款的百分之二十征缴土地闲置费。
该办法自2012年7月1日起施行。
10、保密文件如何解密11、泄露国家秘密的性质登记重大较大特大12、多单位联合下文盖几个章13、雷锋精神核心是啥雷锋精神核心为人民服务14、社会主义核心价值立足点是啥，貌似是这么问的社会主义核心价值体系包括四个方面的基本内容，即马克思主义指导思想、中国特色社会主义共同理想、以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神、以“八荣八耻”为主要内容的社会主义荣辱观。
这四个方面的基本内容相互联系、相互贯通，共同构成辩证统一的有机整体。
建立社会主义核心价值体系，必须坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位，牢牢把握社会主义先进文化的前进方向，大力弘扬民族优秀文化传统，积极借鉴人类有益文明成果，充分调动积极因素，凝聚力量、激发活力，进一步打牢全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的思想道德基础，形成全民族奋发向上的精神力量和团结和睦的精神纽带，为构建社会主义和谐社会提供精神动力支持。
15、现在中央农村回忆关于支农新提法强农惠农富农还是啥16、关于欺诈，一个人欠钱，虚构投资房地产借高利贷用于挥霍和还钱，性质界定17、民间借贷问题，简单就是几倍利息收保护，超出银行利息部分咋办民间借贷利率不超过银行同期利率的4倍18、十二五期间把人口控制在13.919、近8年粮食增产主要依靠什么水利建设科技20、公益诉讼制度规定，那些人可以提起诉讼？公益诉讼2011年10月24日，在提交全国人大常委会第二十三次会议审议的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法修正案(草案)》中，首次增加规定：“对污染环境、侵害众多消费者合法权益等损害社会公共利益的行为，有关机关和社会团体可以向人民法院提起公益诉讼21、全球种植范围内最广、产量最大的谷物类作物是什么？好像是玉米22入学率的相关问题23、文化产业占gdp比重是多少才算文化强国二、多选（多选15，每个1.2分）1、我国的四德建设是指那四德？党的十七大报告指出，要推动社会主义文化的发展和繁荣，必须“大力弘扬爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想，以增强诚信意识为重点，加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德建设”。
2012英语二真题及详解
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题考生注意事项：1 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。
3 答案必须按要求填涂或书写在指定的答题卡上。
(1)英语知识运用，阅读理解 A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡 1上。
填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用 2B铅笔完成。
如需改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
(2)英译汉和写作部分必须用蓝黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡 2上做答。
字迹要清楚。
4.考试结束，将试题，答题卡1和答题卡2一并装入试题袋中交回。
Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Millions of Americansand foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of Americanmilitary adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and womenwho 1 in World War II and the people theyliberated ,the GI. was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kidtorn away from his home ,the guy who3) all the burdens of battle ,whoslept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,whostuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteersoldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up6 )the besttrained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI.is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy whonever9) it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac …a working class name. TheUnited States has 10) had a president or vice-president or secretary ofstate Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character,or a (12) of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joebased on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiersPyle (13) portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the(14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not howmany miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the“willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Bothmen(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that thesoldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey,shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was anyAmerican soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C]form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handedout [B]turnover [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on thecontrary [B] by this means [C]from theoutset [D]at that pointSection II ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following fourtexts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never beenterribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years ithas been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, mostrecently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educationalritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy whichmandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may nolonger count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant toaddress the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes mighthave in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do withoutexpensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass tostudents who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, itis going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered forpoor children.District administratorssay that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed toassign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see veylittle difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on statetests without completing their homework, but what about the students whoperformed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible thatthe homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what worksbest for their students, the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time, thepolicy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If thedistrict finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academicachievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not makethem count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensurethat the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing toreview and correct.The homework rulesshould be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for settingeducational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It isnot too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied inparagraph 1 that nowadays homework _____.[A] is receiving morecriticism[B]is no longer aneducational ritual[C]is not required foradvanced courses[D]is gaining morepreferences22. L.A.Unified has madethe rule about homework mainly because poor students _____.[A]tend to have moderateexpectations for their education[B]have asked for adifferent educational standard[C]may have problemsfinishing their homework[D]have voiced theircomplaints about homework23. According toParagraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may ____.[A]discourage studentsfrom doing homework[B]result in students'indifference to their report cards[C]undermine theauthority of state tests[D]restrict teachers'power in education24. As mentioned inParagraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether ______.[A] it should beeliminated[B]it counts much inschooling[C]it places extraburdens on teachers[D]it is important forgrades25.A suitable title forthis text could be ______.[A]Wrong Interpretationof an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy forPoor Students[C]Thorny Questionsabout Homework[D]A Faulty Approach toHomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adultwomen do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive inour young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it issuch a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in oneway, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girl s’ identity to appearance. Then itpresents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocentbut as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lackof imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ at traction topink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to JoPaoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children werenot colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era beforedomestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, sincethe only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boysand girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nurserycolours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculinecolour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, withits intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolisedfemininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sexdiffere nces became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fullycame into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, partof what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised howprofoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural tokins,including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take thetoddler. I assumed thatphase was something experts developed after years ofresearch into children’s behaviour: wron g. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trickby clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publicationscounseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they shouldcreate“th ird stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Itwas only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into abroadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, intoever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one ofthe easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – orinvent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "itis...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink ______.[A]should not be thesole representation of girlhood[B]should not beassociated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls'lack of imagination[D]cannot influencegirls' lives and interests27. According toParagraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encodedin girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to beregarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be aneutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered bybabies.28. The author suggeststhat our perception of children's psychological development was much influencedby _____.[A]the marketing ofproducts for children[B]the observation ofchildren's nature[C]researches intochildren's behavior[D]studies of childhoodconsumption29. We may learn fromParagraph 4 that department stores were advised to _____.[A]focus on infant wearand older kids' clothes[B]attach equalimportance to different genders[C]classify consumersinto smaller groups[D]create some commonshoppers' terms30. It can be concludedthat girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained bytheir inborn tendency[B]fully understood byclothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed byprofit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted bypsychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, as sured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecul e “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industryadvances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. companies areunlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are alreadypatented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of diseaseor predict a drug’s efficacy, companies are eager to win patents for‘connectingthe dots’, explains Hans Saue r, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may bedetermined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, whichthe Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held aconvention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscapefor patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learnedfrom paragraph I that the biotech companies would like _____A. their executives tobe activeB. judges to rule outgene patentingC. genes to bepatentableD. the BIO to issue awarning32. Those who areagainst gene patents believe that _____A. genetic tests are notreliableB. only man-madeproducts are patentableC. patents on genesdepend much on innovationD. courts shouldrestrict access to gene tic tests33. According to HansSauer, companies are eager to win patents for _____A. establishing diseasecorrelationsB. discovering geneinteractionsC. drawing pictures ofgenesD. identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author meansthat _____A. the supreme court wasauthoritativeB. the BIO was apowerful organizationC. gene patenting was agreat concernD. lawyers were keen toattend conventions35. Generally speaking,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is _____A. criticalB. supportiveC. scornfulD. objectiveText 4The great recession maybe over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before itends,It will likely changethe life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of oursociety for years.No one tries harder thanthe jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Manysaid that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in someways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; theywere more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps therecession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken usfrom our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put anecessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences ofEconomic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that bothinside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or declinehave almost always left society moremean-spirited and less inclusive, and haveusually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrantsentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequalityusually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decreaseopportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research ofTill Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not allpeople graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those withdegrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwisewould have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneaththem that are left behind.In the internet age, itis particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden withinAmerican society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely howthese lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in itshistory, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then haveshown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard timeswill reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all themore so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to findsilver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to ____.[A]seek subsidies fromthe government[B]explore reasons forthe unemployment[C]make profits from thetroubled economy[D]look on the brightside of the recession37. According toParagraph 2,the recession has made people _____.[A]realize the nationaldream[B]struggle against eachother[C]challenge theirlifestyle[D]reconsider theirlifestyle38. Benjamin Friedmanbelieve that economic recessions may _____.[A]impose a heavierburden on immigrants[B]bring out more evilsof human nature[C]Promote the advanceof rights and freedoms[D]ease conflictsbetween races and classes39. The research of TillVon Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tendto _____.[A]lag behind the othersdue to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly withexperienced employees[C]see their lifechances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quicklythan the others40. The author thinksthat the influence of hard times on society is _____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following textand answer the questions by finding information from the left column thatcorresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are twoextra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1. (10points)“Universal history, thehistory of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History ofthe Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.Well, not any more it is not. Suddenly, Britain looksto have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no morethan a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about howwe now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers andmore interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest daysof the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary livesof great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classicalheroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising tothe top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turnedon its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness,rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, theattributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leadingpainters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist'spersonal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian authorSamual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers,industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnishthe power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working and steadfastintegrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character,exhibit,” wrote Smiles.” what it is in the power of each to accomplish forhimself” His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwoodwere held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bitbourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroiclives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochalfigures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessinghigher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. Forthem, history did nothing; it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed toappreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations inwhich each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not makeit just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen bythemselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted fromthe past.”This was the traditionwhich revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle,Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History frombelow stood alongsidebiographies of great men. Whole new realms ofunderstanding — from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up asscholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed publichistory too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the followingtext from English into Chinese. Write your translationon ANSWERSHEET2.(15 points)When people indeveloping countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned atthe prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australiatry to attract by using immigration rules that privilege collegegraduates .Lots of studies havefound that well-educated people from developing countries areparticularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian householdsin 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than ahigh-school education, compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over theage of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers inpoor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies, deprivingthemof much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at theiruniversities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47. DirectionsSuppose you have foundsomething wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought froman online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solutionYou should write about100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your ownname at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead.48、write an essay based onthe following table .In your writing you should1) describe the table,and2) give your commentsYou should write atleast 150 words (15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄 -------满意度满意不清楚不满意小于等于40岁16.7% 50.0% 33.3%41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0%大于50岁40.0 50.0% 10.0%完形填空1. B served2. B common3. A bore4. A necessities5. C but6. D against7. A meaning8. A handed out9. C made 10. D neither11. Ddistinguished 12. B collection 13. C interviewed 14. D human15. C patrolled 16. A paralleled 17. C emphasized 18. C fragments19. B To 20. D at that point完形填空分析英语（二）大纲指出，完形填空文章字数大约是350个词，比英语（一）的文章字数240-280词要多，字数多也就意味着给出了更多的已知线索来搜寻未知信息，所以考生理解起来更顺畅、做起题来更轻松。
2012年考试真题试卷二(A卷)
一、综合题(本试卷共50分。
其中：要求1至要求5、要求7至要求10用中文解答；要求6、要求11和要求12必须用英文解答，用中文解答不得分。
)资料(一)：华盛商业股份有限公司（以下简称华盛股份）是一家在上海证券交易所上市的大型商业企业。
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华光眼镜有限公司（以下简称华光眼镜）是华盛股份的全资子公司，成立于上世纪70年代。
华光眼镜从上世纪90年代末开始拓展眼镜零售连锁网络，是国内较早从事眼镜连锁专卖的企业。
经过多年的发展，华光眼镜的市场份额占据省内第一、全国第五的位置。
2005年末，华光眼镜在全国拥有超过 100家连锁店，其中80%在甲省及周边地区。
华光眼镜的核心管理团队在连锁经营领域有着丰富的经验，尤其在店铺选址方面。
华光眼镜在甲省各大核心商业区的黄金地段都拥有位置优越的店铺。
由于其较长的经营历史和严格的质量控制，华光眼镜店在消费者心目中享有良好的声誉。
截至2005年末，中国零售行业已连续十年保持高速增长，复合年增长率达12.9%。
管理层预期“十一五”期间零售行业将继续保持两位数的增长速度。
各大零售企业出于对行业前景的良好预期，普遍迅速扩张，形成了活跃的竞争态势。
随着人们生活水平的提高和消费能力的增强，消费者除了重视眼镜的基本功能外，还越来越重视美观时尚。
尤其是年轻人，不再等眼镜坏了才购买新的，而会频繁地更换新的款式。
这一趋势引起华光眼镜总经理赵刚的重视。
2006年初，赵刚召集各部门开会，研究如何更好地把握市场动态，抓住潜在增长机遇。
赵刚要求财务部利用过去3年的财务和业务数据，分析目前华光眼镜对年轻客户群的销售情况。
资料（二）新上任的财务总监王红发现公司的财务系统只能按照镜片、镜框、隐形眼镜、太阳镜等产品类别分析销售数据，不能按照客户群类别进行分析；而业务系统虽然拥有每一单销售的详细产品信息和客户信息，却无法将销售单中的信息按照特定产品类别或客户群直接进行数据汇总。
安大考研历年真题
安徽大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题（回忆版）法理宪法一名词解释1、法律义务2、法律行为3、法律编纂4、结社自由5、无记名投票原则6、刚性宪法二简答题1、简述法律责任的构成要件2、简述法的局限性3、简述法的基本特征4、简述我国采取单一制的原因5、简述宪法规定的宗教姓仰自由的含义6、简述宪法作为我国根本法的理由三论述题1、试述依法治国方略的基本内涵2、试述现阶段我国的宪法实施保障机制四材料分析题（材料暂无）1、关于中国特色法律体系的内容及意义2、关于侵犯了宪法所规定的公民的基本权利的问题民法刑法一名词解释1、刑法的溯及力2、法定代表人3、代位继承4、斡旋受贿5、预告登记6、名誉权7、有价证券8、刑事责任能力9、危险驾驶罪（少了一题想不到了）二简答题1、简述善意取得的构成要件2、简述承揽合同的特点3、简述数罪并罚原则在我国的适用4、简述无效法律行为的特点5、简述刑法中的属地管辖权6、简述利用影响力受贿罪的客观方面构成要件三论述1、试述犯罪中止形态的特征2、试述质权与抵押权的区别四案例分析（材料暂无）1、有关罪名的认定，主要是对于“拐卖妇女儿童罪”和“强奸罪”的认定2、有关合同的成立要件、善于取得的认定问题安徽大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题法理宪法一、名词解释法律关系的主体法律规则法律移植宪法国家形式违宪责任二、简答简述法律行为内在方面简述法律责任构成简述法律职业的特征简述权利制约原则在我国宪法中的体现为保障宪法最高地位，我国宪法主要采取了哪些具体措施简述宪政建设经济条件三、论述论述当代中国法律发展目标方向论宪法作用于公民与宪法作用于国家的差异材料分析题略安徽大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题民法刑法一、名词解释持有、牵连犯、假释、挪用公款罪、伪证罪、人格权、宣告失踪、物权法定原则、一般诉讼时效、提存二、简答1、简述合同诈骗罪构成要件2、简述犯罪得失的类型及其特征3、简述犯罪未遂形态的特征4、简述代理权行使原则5、简述租赁合同的特点6、简述遗产的特点三、论述1、论犯罪主体特殊身份对定罪量刑的意义2、论述担保物权的从属性案例题略安徽大学2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题试题名称：法理学、宪法学试题代码：602一、名词解释（每小题三分，共18分）1、法律编纂2、法的实效3、法系4、不成文宪法5、宪政6、联邦制二、简答题（每小题10分，共60分）1、法律关系的基础特征是什么？2、简析法律责任的本质3、执法的原则是什么？4、法对秩序的维护作用有哪些？5、我国基层群众性自治组织的特点是什么？6、我国宪法规定宗教信仰自由的含义是什么？三、论述题（每小题20分，共40分）1、论解决法律与道德冲突的基础措施2、论违宪责任的形式四、案例分析题（每小题16分，共32分）1、甲市在招商引资过程中，党委和政府要求当地司法机关要切实为外商办实事，进化投资环境，提供优质服务。
2012考研真题及答案
2012考研真题及答案2012年考研真题及答案2012年考研真题及答案是备考考研的学生们非常关注的话题。
考研是众多大学毕业生继续深造的重要途径，因此了解过去的考试题目和答案对于备考者来说是非常有帮助的。
本文将回顾2012年考研真题及答案，并对其进行简要分析。
一、英语阅读理解2012年考研英语阅读理解部分的题目主要涉及科技、环境、文化等领域。
其中一道题目是关于科技发展的，题目要求考生根据所给材料判断陈述的真假。
这道题目考察了考生的阅读理解能力和逻辑思维能力。
另一道题目是关于环境保护的，要求考生根据文章内容回答问题。
这道题目考察了考生的综合分析能力和推理能力。
总体来说，2012年英语阅读理解部分的题目难度适中，考察了考生的语言理解和分析能力。
二、数学综合能力2012年考研数学综合能力部分的题目主要涉及概率、统计、线性代数等内容。
其中一道题目是关于概率的，要求考生计算某事件发生的概率。
这道题目考察了考生的计算能力和概率理论的掌握程度。
另一道题目是关于线性代数的，要求考生计算矩阵的秩。
这道题目考察了考生的线性代数知识和运算能力。
总体来说，2012年数学综合能力部分的题目难度适中，考察了考生的数学基础和解题能力。
三、专业课程2012年考研专业课程的题目主要涉及各个学科的核心知识点。
其中一道题目是关于计算机网络的，要求考生根据所给网络拓扑图回答问题。
这道题目考察了考生对计算机网络的理解和应用能力。
另一道题目是关于管理学的，要求考生根据所给情景分析并回答问题。
这道题目考察了考生的管理学知识和分析能力。
总体来说，2012年专业课程部分的题目难度适中，考察了考生对专业知识的理解和应用能力。
四、写作能力2012年考研写作部分的题目是一篇短文，要求考生根据所给材料进行写作。
这道题目考察了考生的写作能力和逻辑思维能力。
考生需要根据所给材料，进行分析和归纳，并进行合理的论证和表达。
总体来说，2012年写作部分的题目难度适中，考察了考生的写作能力和思维能力。
2012年英语中考试卷的分析及复习策略
2012年英语中考试卷的分析及复习策略今年英语中考卷的变化和创新主要体现在题型，即增加了听力部分的第一大题：听短对话，回答问题；同时减少了词语填空题的5个小题。
全卷重点考查了基础知识和基本语言能力，需要考生较好的语言能力。
如单项选择题中每一题考点都是非常基础的语言点，每一题都需要考生读懂语言情景，才能正确作答。
听力的第三部分，模拟了用英语上一堂数学课，在听取教师的指令中完成任务，解决数学问题。
此数学问题是学生非常感兴趣的利用自己的出生年月日计算出自己平时不太关注的出生星期。
而且试卷中选用的完形填空材料贴近学生生活的材料。
通过对试卷的分析，依据《中学英语教学课程标准》和《英语中考说明》，结合学生和教学实际情况，建议从三方面做好中考复习安排。
一、正确分析实际情况，做好全盘筹划英语在中学教学中占有十分重要的地位。
无论是在课程标准中的教学时间安排，还是在中考科目中分值的比例，都对学生提出了较高的标准要求。
而实际的教学，课堂是唯一的学习机会，校外的英语学习接触面和学习机会几乎没有，学习困难不能及时化解，日渐积累成为很多学生无法逾越的“鸿沟”。
加之受智力因素和其他社会因素的影响，学生对英语学习接受程度有快有慢，由此形成了巨大的差距。
再就是中考复习任务重，三年学习内容的复习对多数学生来说是一项极为困难的事情。
因此英语复习过程务必要有清晰的教学思路，明确的“战略”部署，恰当的“战术”运用，才能打有把握之战。
二、精心安排时间，掌控进度，合理调整初中的英语教学进度不比高中的情况，不能占用课外时间补课，所以通常只能赶在中考前三个月左右结束学科常规教学。
通过多种方法比较，实践证明大多采用三轮复习方式。
其时间和内容安排是：第一轮：强基础，树信心，注重全面性。
时间大约用四十天左右。
此处的“全面性”含有两个方面的含义：即知识的全面性和学生的全面性。
主要任务是基础知识的复习。
在这个环节应该不急不躁，全面掌握教材，注重基础为核心。
2012年南开大学文学院720文学基础考研真题(回忆版)及部分答案【圣才出品】
2012年南开大学文学院720文学基础考研真题（回忆版）及部分答案一、名词解释1．文学四要素2．三言二拍3．文学研究会4．常州词派5．归来诗人二、简答题1．简述有意味的形式。
答：略。
2．简述《论语》的文学思想以及艺术特征。
答：《论语》是我国先秦时期第一部语录体散文集，主要记载孔子及其弟子的言行，是由孔子弟子及再传弟子记录编纂而成。
全书二十篇，四百九十二章，比较集中地反映了孔子的思想。
《论语》中所记孔子循循善诱的教诲之言，或简单应答，点到即止；或启发辩论，侃侃而谈，其言富于变化，娓娓动人。
（1）《论语》的文学思想主要包括：①文学功用方面，倡导文学的教化功能，发挥文学“兴、观、群、怨”的社会作用。
孔子在谈到《诗》时，提出了“诗可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨”之说，体现出了古代文学思想中重视文学的教化功能的特点。
②文学内容与形式关系方面，主张“文质彬彬”，要求正确的思想内容和完美的艺术形式的相统一。
《论语·雍也篇》中有云“子曰：‘质胜文则野，文胜质则史。
文质彬彬，然后君子。
’”此句道出了文学作品中内容与形式的统一，被视为文质论的源头。
③文学审美方面，提倡“思无邪”的中和之美。
《论语·为政》中有言：“诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。
”“思无邪”即中和之美，孔子在文学艺术上所追求的就是中和之美。
中和之美要求处理好文艺内部的各要素之间的关系，做到和谐适度、恰到好处的理想状态。
（2）《论语》的艺术特征体现在以下几个方面：①《论语》以多种手法，从不同侧面生动传神地描写出了一个个富于个性的人物系列形象。
追求理想、诲人不倦的孔子是《论语》最重要人物形象，除此之外，还有颜渊、子游、子路等士人形象，长诅、晨门、楚狂等隐者形象等等。
《论语》传神地为我们描写刻画出了一批活脱脱的人物形象，使用的语言最长不过百余字，写人物虽然只是一个面影，一两个动作，一串对话，甚至是片刻心绪，却常出人意外地鲜明生动。
②《论语》情节完整，成为我国叙事文学先驱。
2012年GRE考试机经部分真题(回忆版)
2012年GRE考试机经部分真题（回忆版）总体印象，换题库了。
考前看JJ就由此感，今天考完更加确信，基本没看到机经，或许是我看的少吧1」ssue，真的高频啊，universities or colleges should require all stude nts to study abroad for at least one semester 。
大意女口此。
昨晚入睡前在床上拿这个联系一下，今天就考到了。
晕。
2。
argument，—个公司的on-the-job accident 比旁边某某公司多了百分之三十。
Experts say the major*** is fatigure and sleep depravite blahblahblah..…没什么好说的。
顺便提一句，本人也是没怎么写作文。
临场发挥。
所以碰到那个issue 真的幸运。
3。
填空：记得不多，ubiquity un iqitous 都考到了。
3.1 一种wide-ranging 的动物还是植物在边远地区的poplulation is subject to less （--） and more variable con disti ons tha n otherareas ...... 从而得出结论是（----）.我选的第一个空为favorable 第二空为lower at the prephery3.2研究人员在一个社会理发现很多的cult和什么东东（记不住了总之和宗教有关），从而得出结论这个社会宗教是（--）我选无处不在的ubiquitous.3.3 —个作者的作品不应该继续被认为是（--）,因为他最近的作品with obscurity 什么的和（--）language 。
第一个空我选的是accessible,第二个空选的是rarefy.非常不确定我的复述和我的答案是否真确。
3.4学校怎么怎么着年轻的学生们不再（--），他们开始重回tradition和什么东东，我选的是co ntumacity 或是他的形容词。
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山大药综
分析化学
一、填空每空2分比较简单，分析化学是（），空白实验回收实验，薄层板活化的作用，有个用E=hv来计算热量，其他不记得了
二、名词解释3个每个5分指示电极，retention factor，bonded phase
三、简答每个题10分好像有7个数据处理如何判断一个分析方法是否可行，直接碘量法和间接碘量法指示剂加入时间的区别，氮律判断化学式，范式方程
四、计算分值不大具体忘了1、二元酸的PKa，第一终点的PH 2、色谱柱的n、H的计算
有机化学
一、名词解释4×4 等电点，E2消除，σ-π共轭
二、给了一个名称写出所有的异构体，指出非对应异构
三、完成反应式题不多，比较简单
四、问答题10×4，四个题有几个有一个是问旋光度的，其他的不怎么难
五、分离5×3（我以为要考鉴别的，悲剧了。
）1、叔胺、仲胺伯胺分离2、苯酚，苯甲醇，苯甲醛3、乙酸乙酯从乙酸、乙醇，水中分离
六、推断15 三个C6H10O4，有个可以加热脱羧，有个可以形成环状酸酐，还有个好像是成内酯
七、合成8×3（紧张了，没做完）
那个，经验的话，我也没考好，我也不敢讲，当时复习的时候没怎么看真题，怕考难了，所以花了很多冤枉的时间，其实考的挺基础的，复习的话尽早多看书，12月份中旬最好把该看的都看一遍，下旬基本都开始背政治了，我们到了1月份基本看不进去了，各种考验心理素质，各种受不住打击，复习的时候比较枯燥，没事还是不要乱跑，我的研友老说我打酱油的，三天打渔两天晒网。
政治选择题多做，大题会有很多机构的资料的，慢慢来不着急。
药综没有想象中难度大，题量适中，我研友分析考武大的，我看的也很深，结果考的都很简单，所以浪费时间了，有机也还行，我考场就我一个考药综的，别人考数学交卷早，我心里很紧张的。
祝大家都能有个好成绩，3月份都能在济南见面，13年考研的同学也要加油！！。