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限定词、介词

Classes of Determiners(限定词)1．Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词：定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)2．Quantifiers (数量词)3．Other Determiners (其他限定词)一．Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词：定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)1. 不定冠词主要表示泛指和与one 同源，含"一"的意思。

a 用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an 用在以元音音素开头的名词前，如：a university a man a bookan umbrella an egg an honest child2. 定冠词the 主要表示特指的人或物及第二次提到的人或物，或世界上独一无二的东西，如：the sun the moon the world the earth和形容词连用，代表一类人，如：the blind the dead the poor the richhe wounded the young the unemployed3. 在下列情况下不用冠词：a. 特殊的专有名词前，如：John Smithb. 物质名词表示类别时，如：Gold is a precious metal.c. 抽象名词表示泛指时, 如：Knowledge is power.d. 在季节、月份、日期、节日前，如：Februarye. 在餐名、运动、游戏等名词前，如：Sports is good for health.f. 在school, hospital, church, prison等词前，当这些词着重表示功用而不是这些建筑物或物体本身时，如：She went to school at seven.(但She went to the school to see her teacher.)g. 在表示"种类"的短语,如：a kind (sort) of tree,two kinds (sorts) of books.h. 带有表示顺序的基数词前，如：Lesson One (但the First Lesson).i. 表示独一的职位，头衔等的名词前，如：He was elected president of the society.二．Quantifiers (数量词)1．many, much, (a) few, (a) littlea. many, (a) few 只用于可数名词前，much, (a) little 只用于不可数名词前，如：many (a few, few) booksmuch (a little, little) waterb. many 和much 主要用在否定句和疑问句中，但它们前面加too 或so时就多用在肯定句中，如：We didn't spend much money.How many books do you have?You made too (so) many mistakes.c. a few (= several) 和a little (= some) 含肯定意义；few (= not many) 和little (= not much)含否定意义。

article英文作文格式

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新FCE写作模板之文章(Article)

How To Write An ArticleFCE写作：应该做的和不不能做的应该做的：•多看其他⼈人写的英⽂文⽂文章。

⽆无论是看报纸，还是看杂志，充分利利⽤用你能接触到的每⼀一篇⽂文章。

将其中的好词好句句好表达划出来，腾抄到笔记中。

只匆匆略略过是不不够的，真正写作的时候，那些你认为你记住的表达⽅方式可能就是回忆不不出来，所以把出现好词好句句型的整句句话抄写下来是⾮非常必要的。

•要明⽩白你的⽬目标读者是谁。

哪怕你知道“写给朋友的信”其实会被剑桥的阅卷⽼老老师读到……也要写给朋友。

常常在写作试题中，会明确地向你指出你的读者是谁，你要依据这点来决定你的⽂文章的⽤用词、表达和写作⻛风格。

•把⽂文章写得有趣。

站在读者的⻆角度想⼀一想，你会愿意读⽆无聊的⽂文章吗？ •使⽤用连接词将你的⽂文章分成段落，并⽤用有逻辑的⽅方式连接你想表达的想法。

这会使你的⽂文章易易读性更更⾼高，尤其是⽂文章较⻓长的时候。

•要⼩小⼼心那些“愚蠢”的错误。

有些⼩小⽑毛病其实你都明⽩白，你都懂，⽼老老师为你批改作⽂文的时候，你⾃自⼰己⼏几乎⻢马上会意识到⾃自⼰己为什什么错，也⻢马上可以改正。

那为什什么不不在⾃自⼰己写完以后，认真再读⼏几遍，争取⾃自⼰己把它们改过来呢？⽐比如代词、时态、搭配、三单形式、单复数形式等等。

•多写，不不断地写。

给⾃自⼰己办⼀一个模拟写作考试，⽤用计时器器按考试时间给⾃自⼰己计时，并且按照考试字数要求来写。

可能有的词和表达你会忘，但不不要太担⼼心，现在忘了了总⽐比考试忘了了要强，因为现在你仍然有机会拿词典去查查这些词怎么说。

不不能做的：•不不要慌。

•不不要忘了了你在写作，不不是在说话。

跟朋友随便便聊天的话，写在作⽂文中是不不合适的。

•不不要为了了凑字数⽽而写。

写作的⽬目的是为了了传达信息，因此写下的每句句话都须有⽤用。

不不要⻋车轱辘话来回说，把没⽤用且重复的话删去。

不不必要的废话说明你不不能很好地控制⾃自⼰己的语⾔言。

Article 冠词

Use of a & an
② An honest man一个诚实的人 An hour 一小时
• 单个字母前，有时也用an。 1. There is an “r” and an “e” in the word “concern”. 2. XXX is an NBA player. 3. How to read an X-ray image? 怎样看一张x光照片
Use of zero article
• 固定搭配 In front of 在… 前面（建筑物外部） in the front of在… 前面（建筑物内部）
In case of 万一，如果；以防 In the case of 就… 而言，关于
Practice 练习
Practice 1
• 填入定冠词，不定冠词或0冠词 • How many roads must a man walk down • 一个人要走过多少路 • Before you call him man • 才能被称为男人 • How many seas must white dove fly • 一只白鸽要飞过多少海洋 • Before she sleeps in the sand • 才能在沙滩上安睡
Use of zero article
• 疾病球类及三餐， 1. 重大疾病 prevent cancer / bird-flu预防癌症/禽流感 2. 球类 Play badminton /tennis/ ping-pang ball 3. 吃早中晚饭 Have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner
Use of zero article
• 星期月季节假日， 1. On Monday在周一 2. in January在一月 3. In spring 在春天 4. Merry Christmas 圣诞节快乐

Articles

Articles (冠词)冠词：a(n), the, 对冠词的考查题型有：1. 与数词的连用；2.与最高级的连用；3.与other 连用；4.泛指，特指用法；5.感叹句中；6.such/ so …that 句型等；7. 零冠词。

1.I don’t quite like _________. It’s too hard.A. the fifth lessonB. the lesson fiveC. five lessonsD. the fifth lessons2. Where are the students? Are they in __________?A. the Room 406B. Room 406C. the 406D. 406 Room3.—Can I help you madam? —I’m looking for ________ pair of shoes for my daughter.A. theB. anC. aD. some4. This is _________ song I’ve told you about. Isn’t it ___________ beautiful one?A. the, theB. a, aC. the, aD. a, the5. Lots of visitors come to Shanghai because she is ________ city.A. so a beautifulB. very a beautifulC. such beautifulD. quite a beautiful6.—_________ weather! It’s raining! —Bad luck. We have to stay at home all day.A. What a fineB. How fineC. What badD. How bad a7. I think you have dropped _____ “r” in writing “merry”. A. an B. a C. the D. /8. _________ boy hurt his leg. He is in _________ hospital now.A. A, aB. The, aC. The, theD. The, /9. Tracy knows very well how to play _____ piano. A. / B. a C. an D. the10.—There are two new cars in front of the company. —One is mine, and ____ is the manager’s.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. others11. That’s ______ useful book. I have read it already. A. the B. an C. a D. /12. We have never seen __________ exciting film before.A. suchB. so aC. such anD. such a13. Does Tom often play _____ football after _____ school?A. /, /B. /, theC. the, /D. a, /14. __________ cold it is today! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a15. _________ Blacks are going to the park this Sunday. Why don’t we go for _________ walk?A. A, aB. An, /C. The, aD. /, a16. ________ it is today! Let’s go to fly a kite in the park, shall we?A. What a fine weatherB. How fine weatherC. How fine a weatherD. What fine weather17. _______ good time the children had on Children’s Day!A. How aB. How anC. What aD. What an18. It’s Mid-Autumn Festival. ______ moon is very bright. A. / B. The C. A D. An19. Black broke his leg. He has just had __________ X-ray examination. _________ doctor saidhe needed ____________ operation.A. a, The, anB. a, A, anC. an, A, anD. an, The, an20. Mr. Smith always give me __________ hand when I am in trouble.A. aB. anC. theD. /21.—What do you think of the football match?—Wonderful! The Chinese football team has never played _________.A. betterB. bestC. worseD. the worst22.—Where’s Xiao Ming? —He’s having _____________ rest over there.A. aB. anC. theD. /。

Articles 冠词

Articles 冠词定义：冠词是放在所说明的名词之前的词, 说明名词所指的人或事物, 是虚词。

分类：冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两种, 不定冠词是a和an、定冠词是the。

一、在如下几种情况中, 常用不定冠词。

1) 泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a / an 的基本用法。

A house is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物。

2) 表示“一”这个数量, 但数的概念没有one强烈。

如:I have a new watch.我有一块新手表。

3) 指某人或某物, 但不具体说明是何人或何物。

如:A man is talking with your father outside the gate.一名男子正在大门外同你父亲谈话。

4) 表示“每一”，相当于every。

如:I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。

5) 用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。

如:I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我有三本书，我想买第四本。

6) 用在某些固定词组中：a lot (of)许多，大量；after a while 过一会儿Let me have a look at your book.让我看看你的书。

二、在如下几种情况中, 常用定冠词。

1) 定冠词the常用来特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

如:New York is not the capital of America.纽约不是美国的首都。

2) 用在序数词及形容词的最高级之前。

如:The third dress that he bought is the most expensive in this store.他买的第三件裙子是这家商店里最贵的。

3) 用在姓氏复数之前, 表示一家人。

如:The Greens will move to Australia next year.格林一家明年将搬到澳大利亚。

英文论文除了ResearchArticles还有哪些类型这些类型论文都有什么区别呢

英⽂论⽂除了ResearchArticles还有哪些类型这些类型论⽂都有什么区别呢⼀般英⽂论⽂有以下⼏种类型——·Research Articles(研究性论⽂)·Rapid Communication(快讯)·Review article(综述)·Perspectives article(观点)·Letters to the Editor(致编辑的信)·Hypothesis article（假说类⽂章）·Letters(通讯)·Research notes(研究笔记)·Supplemental articles(补充论⽂)·Other articles下⾯英国翰思教育来给⼤家详细介绍⼀下这些类型论⽂。

·Research Articles(研究性论⽂)Research Articles是我们主要撰写的论⽂类型。

是指对理论或基础研究有贡献的论⽂。

这种论⽂可以从研究内容的⾓度分类，分为纯基础研究和应⽤性基础研究两⼤类。

Research Articles应提供研究⼯作中收集的重要新信息，报告新颖且精⼼设计的研究，并提出完整的研究成果。

Research Articles的研究结论不应基于未发表的⼯作或初步的数据摘要。

作为完整的Research Articles，论⽂涉及到以前的研究或先例应被了解清楚，完整地引⽤。

需要注意的是，纯基础研究可能没有涉及到科技秘密的问题，但应⽤性基础研究虽然只属于基础研究，但是涉及到⼀个新的理论，⼀个技术突破，或者⼀个重⼤发明，可能在某些当前的理论研究中涉及到⼀些敏感的课题。

因此，在向国际期刊提交这种性质的论⽂时，研究成果是否合适公开发表必须考虑。

·Rapid Communication(快讯)Rapid Communication是⼀般具有重⼤价值影响⼒⼤的简短⽂章，其研究表明其有异常价值和影响的意义、及时性或新颖性。

article,冠词,语法故事

Chapter 2 Little ArticleWhen Judge Grammar next took his seat in court; a number of papers covered with words were handed up to him by Mr. Parsing.“They are the lists of names, my Judge,”he said, “which you asked the people of classroom to write for you.”“Very good,”said the Judge. “I will read some of the words aloud, and if any one thinks that they are not nouns, let him come forward and say so.”And he began to read: the garden, the house, the sky, a book, a bird, a fly, when suddenly he was interrupted by a sound of bitter crying.“What is the matter?”he asked, “Who dares to interrupt the court?”“It is this tiresome little Article,”said Mr. Parsing, pushing forward a ragged little fellow, who was rubbing both fists into his eyes and crying bitterly. “He says he is being cheated, my Judge; that he has only two words of his own in all Grammar-land, and that they are being used on these list as if they belonged to Mr. Noun.”“Bring him up before me,”said the Judge. “What is your name, sir?”“My name is Article, or Little-joint,”replied the little fellow. “I have only two words in all Grammar-land, a and the. I lend them to Mr. Noun ; but, you was reading them just now, as if they belonged to Mr. noun, when he is so rich, and I am so very, very poor. ”“Is it true? Mr. Parsing,”asked the Judge, “that little Article is always ready to wait upon Mr. Noun?”“Quite true, my Judge,”answered Mr. Parsing. “Indeed, I have often able to discover Mr. Noun by catching sight of little Article running before him, for whenever you see an a or a the, you may be sure that Mr. Noun will have a word of his own in somewhere near. The little Article is to point out that a noun is coming, for you may be sure that if you can put an a or a the before a word, that word is a noun, as a bird, the sky.”“And do you use him before your pet proper nouns, sir?”asked Judge Grammar . “No,”replied Mr. Noun, “that I do not., Indeed, I cannot see that little Article is with me at any time; but he has an old habit of coming with me wherever I go, and when I have no one else I do not mind having him.”“Well,”said Judge Grammar, “if you do have him ,take care that you use him well; Mr. Parsing, tell the classroom children to give him a separate mark for himself, and not to put his words with Mr.Noun’s.”“Certainly, my Judge,”said Mr. Parsing, “but I have one question to ask first. Thislittle Article said that he had only two words in all Grammar-land, a and the. I wish to ask him what he says to an, as you say an egg, an apple? Surely an belongs to him also.”Dr. Syntax stood upright, looking very tall and thin and black: he spoke in very strict voice, but all he said was, “An is only used before a vowel or an h mute,”Then he sat down again.“Ah!”said Mr. Parsing, drawing a long breath,“thank you. Now, little Article, say what you have to say.”“I have only to say, remarked Article, recovering his courage, “that a and an are really one and the same word; a is only an with his coat off. I like to use it best as a without its coat, but before a vowel or an h mute I am pleased,”and here Article gave a frightened look at Dr. Syntax, “I am pleased to keep its coat on and call it an.,”“And do you know what you mean by a vowel or an h mute?”asked Judge Grammar.“O yes, my Judge: there are five vowels, a, e, i, o, u,”answered Article.“And what is an h mute?”asked the Judge.“An h that is not sounded , as in an hour, an honour,”answered Article, rather impatiently, for he was getting very tired of being questioned.“And you are to use an before any word that begins with a vowel, a, e, i, o, or u, or an h mute, are you?”asked the Judge.“yes, my Judge,”said Article, “I told you so before.”“Give us some examples of words beginning with each of these,”said the Judge, “and show us how you use an before them.”Article held up one hand, with the thumb and four fingers stretched out ,and pointing to each one in turn, beginning with the thumb, he answered: “An apple, an eagle, an idol, an ox, and an ugly, uncomfortable, unkind old Judge, to keep me here so long answering questions.”Saying which, little ragged Article turned and ran off as fast as his legs could carry him.Mr. Parsing then said that as Article had behaved so badly, he hoped the Judge would give him a serious punishment, by allowing the children of classroom to use his words as often as they liked in their new lists.“Certainly,”said Judge Grammar. “I request that each of you will write six new nouns, and will use an article before every one of them.”The court then rose, after Mr. Parsing had handed the classroom children the following verse, begging them to find out all the nouns and articles in it:-----Once there was a little boy, With curly hair and pleasant eye;A boy who always spoke the truth,And never, never told a lie.。

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6. When it’s unique because of rank.
– The first problem we need to deal with is the lack of computers. – The fifth student to give her presentation will be Park Milan. – The next essay is an argumentative essay.
4. When it’s unique because of the setting.
– We had an interesting German class. The teacher asked us to do a skit. – We celebrated her birthday at a restaurant. Even the waitress sang with us.
Articles
a/an, the, Ø
a/an, Ø
Generalization / nonspecific reference 泛指，没有特定指向，概括
Singular noun: a/an
Plural: Ø
uncountable: Ø
Proper Noun 专有名词： do not use a/an
Байду номын сангаас
/ Once, shortly after I came to ________ YUST, I was walking home. ________ President Kim was going / somewhere, being driven in one of ________ university the the cars. He asked ________ driver to stop ________ car, and the he told me to get in so that I could get ________ ride. a Then, for ________ next few minutes, he asked me about the / how ________ things were going with my teaching, and / with other things connected with my life at ________ YUST. Another time, I was teaching ________ class, and / the ________ president stuck his head in ________ door, and the/a asked, “Is everything OK?” “Wonderful!” I replied. Then, the he left. Another time, he saw me eating in ________ cafeteria, and he came to my table and encouraged me to enjoy ________ food. All of these things happened the / during my first semester at ________ YUST, giving me ________ clear picture of our president: he is someone a / / who cares about both ________ teachers and ________ students here.
3. When it’s unique for a certain group of people.
– I visited the House of Commons in London. The prime minister was there. – “Are you using the car today? I’d like to take it to do some shopping.” (The use implies that this family has one and only one car).
5. When it’s unique because of special characteristics.
– The man in the green shirt is going to give a speech. – The tallest students should stand in back for the picture.
Correct the follow mistakes related to articles. 1. The sharks are fish. 2. My sister is opera singer. 3. My name is Loan. I am from the South Korea. 4. I go to the Swarthmore College. 5. I love all children. The children are fun to play with. 6. The love of the money is the root of all the evil. 7. The good idea has just occurred to me. 8. Bee is always working. 9. Someday, astronauts will travel to the Mars. 10. Could you give me a water?
THE
• “The” indicates both the writer and the reader understand what is being referred to. “the” 用在句中标明写的人和读的人都明白所说的那个东西是什么。
When to use “the”
1. when it has a previous reference
• Passage 1 the One day, Pak and Li were sitting in ________ cafeteria, eating. “Why don’t we go to ________ moon?” asked Pak. Li thought it was ________ good the a idea, so ________ next day, they began to build ________ spaceship. It didn’t the a a take them long because they had received ________ good education in engineering at ________ YUST. They thought ________ president would / the certainly be proud of them. the “This is ________ best spaceship ever!” said Li. The A the ________ month later, they were on ________ moon. “________ earth looks different from here than I had imagined,” said Li. Suddenly, they saw ________ two people walking towards them. Or, / were they people? Perhaps they were ________ creatures from another planet! / the Li thought about running back to ________ spaceship, but Pak was very curious about ________ newcomers. “Hey!” he said. “What do you guys want?” the / “We brought you these,” said Pak’s friend Luo from ________ YUST as he removed his helmet. Pak and Li looked at what was in Luo’s hand. What was it? It was/________ instant noodles. Luo said, “We saw that you didn’t take any food with you, so we decided to bring you some.”
a 1. My neighbor bought _______ dog. 2. The artist painted _______ attracted landscape. an 3. They went to the country store and bought / _______ eggs and _______ cucumbers cucumbers. / 4. _______ love never lasts. / / 5. _______ gold jewelry is expensive. 6. _______ dogs are friendly animals. / 7. She offered him _______ advice and _______ / / information.
Yesterday I saw a film The film was about illegal film. immigration in the U.S.
2. When the world has only one.
The moon, the sun, the earth It’s very hot at the equator It’s very cold at the equator. North Pole Pole.