短语动词与介词动词
高考英语如何区别英语短语动词与介词动词

如何区别英语短语动词与介词动词在近二十年内的外语学中,感受颇多,发现的问题也不少,比如:学生常常不知如何来区别短语动词与介词动词,现就这一问题谈谈自己的一些粗浅看法。
就英语双词动词而言,大致上可分为短语动词与介词动词两种基本形式。
前者由动词+副动词构成,后者由动词+介词构成。
在意义上,这两种动词具有共同特点(它们所表示的意义不是动词和副词或介词各自词义的简单结合,而往往相当于一个实意动词,如stand for = represent,look on = watch)在用法上,二者又具有不可忽视区别。
1.介词动词只用在及物句中,即相当于一个及物动词,其后都要接宾语。
如:Marry is listening carefully to the teacher. 如果去掉宾语the teacher, 变成Marry is listening carefully to. 就不成立了。
Paul was waiting for the bus. 去掉宾语the bus, 句子也不成立。
而短语动词有些用在及物名中,有些则用在不及物句中。
如:The boys have put out the fire.(及物)The fire went out at 10 o’clock.(不及物)2.及物的短语动词都能用于被动句。
如:Our offer was turned down by the company.The fire has been put out by the boys.而有些介词动词则不能用被动句。
如:我们可以说:They arrived at the station.但不能说The station was arrived at.3.介词动词接宾语时,无论宾语是代词还是名词,都只能放在动词与介词之后。
如:He takes after his mother /her in everything but his nose.(但不能说takes his mother after也不能说takes her after。
高中英语语法:短语动词与介词动词

短语动词与介词动词英语中有不少由“动词+副词”或“动词+介词”构成的动词。
这些动词已不再具备原有动词的意义而具有新的意义,这类动词称为短语动词或介词动词。
(1)短语动词1)用作及物动词可用作及物动词。
比如:find out发现 finish off吃完get in收进 give back归还give out分发 give up放弃look up查阅 set up建立take off脱下 turn on开(灯,电视…)turn off关(灯,电视…)They tried to find out how the fire started.a bit?房间里很闹,你乐能把收音机音量调低一些吗?2)用作不及物动词的短语动词有些短语动词用作不及物动词。
比如:come on来吧 get back回去go ahead干吧;向前走take off起飞 hold on等一等(别挂电话)set out出发Comeon, boys. Join me in the game.来吧,孩子们。
和我一起做游戏。
—Shallwe start now?我们现在开始好吗?—Go ahead.开始吧。
—MayI speak to Jane?请珍妮听电话。
—Hold on please.请等一下。
The plane didn’t take off on time because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨飞机没有准时起飞。
(2)介词动词介词动词通常作及物动词用,注意动词和介词合为一个整体,不能分开。
比如:enter for报名参加 go on继续go over复习 look after照顾look for寻找 turn into变成We all entered for the 1,000 metre race.我们都报名参加1,000米赛跑。
Let’s go over the old lessons again.让我们再复习一下旧课。
常用介词短语和动词短语汇总

常用介词短语和动词短语汇总1. 在...之前:before2. 在...之后:after3. 在...上面:on top of4. 在...下面:underneath5. 在...之间:between6. 在...旁边:beside7. 在...之内:within8. 在...之外:outside of9. 在...之中:among10. 在...之上:above11. 在...之下:below12. 跟...一起:with13. 跟...相对:opposite to14. 关于...:about15. 对于...:for16. 除了...以外:except for17. 根据...:according to18. 由于...:due to19. 作为...结果:as a result of20. 关于...之间:amongst常用动词短语:1. 放弃:give up2. 照顾:take care of3. 参与:take part in4. 依赖:rely on5. 继续:carry on6. 关心:care about7. 睡觉:go to sleep8. 发生:take place9. 停止:stop doing10. 决定:make a decision11. 提供:provide with12. 享受:enjoy13. 醒来:wake up15. 付款:make a payment16. 引起注意:draw attention to17. 提高:improve on18. 付账:pay the bill19. 取消:call off20. 做出选择:make a choice以上是一些常用的介词短语和动词短语,它们在日常生活和学习中经常使用。
动词与介词搭配的短语

动词与介词搭配的短语I .动词+aboutspeak /talk about谈论think about思考care about 关心,对.... 有兴趣bring about 弓1起,使发生set about着手,开始come about发生hear about 听说worry about为•……担心2 .动词+awaythrow away扔掉blow away 吹走carry away拿走,使入迷clear away 清除掉,消散die away逐渐消失,减弱pass away 去世wash away冲走take away 拿走,使消失put away收拾起来,存起来give away 背弃,泄漏,赠送wear away磨掉,消耗break away摆脱send away让走开turn away 把……打发走3 .动词+backkeep back隐瞒,忍住look back(on)回顾hold back控制住give back归还call back回电话take back拿回,收回4 .动词+forrun for竞选ask for要求得到wait for等候stand for代表,表示long for渴望hope/wish for 希望得至Ucare for关心,喜欢beg for乞求search for 查找look for寻找call for需要,要求hunt f or寻找change …for用..... 换charge …fo收费,要价apply for申请take - ••fo误以为……是seek for寻找come for来拿,来取5 .动词+downburn down烧毁break down坏了,垮了,分解take down记下,记录turn down 调小,拒绝cut down削减,砍倒slow down慢下来pass down传下来put down记下,写下,镇压calm down平静下来bring down使……降低,使倒下settle down安家come down下落,传下tear down拆毁,拆除6 .动词+atcome at向……袭击shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷run at冲向,向……攻击work at干……再活动(研tear at用力撕look at看,注视stare at凝视glare at怒视glance at匆匆一瞥laugh at嘲笑knock at敲(门、窗等)point at指向smile at冲(某人)笑strike at向... 打击aim at向……瞄准shoot at向... 射击wonder at 惊讶call at拜访(地点)7 .动词 +from10 .动词+onshow off 炫耀take off 脱下,起飞 ring off 挂断电话 come off 脱落,褪色 fall off 跌落,掉下go off 消失;坏了,爆炸,不喜欢break off 打断carry off 携走带走,赢得give off 散发出differ from 与 ..... 不同 suffer from 受 ...... 苦 hear from 收到 ....... 来信 keep / stop / prevent …fror 阻止 result from 由于separate •••from 把 ..... 分离开 8 .动词+of think of 想到consist of 由 ...... 组成 approve of 赞成 talk of 谈到 complain of 抱怨 9 .动词+off die from 因 ...... 而死… learn from 向 .......... 学习date from 始于 ....... 时期dreamof 梦至 Uspeak of 谈至U die of 死于 hear of 听说become of 发生 ........ 情况,怎么啦leave off 中断 get off 下车 see off 送行 put off 延期,推迟 cut off 切断,断绝keep off 避开,勿走近 knock -off 把……撞落 pay off 还清getoff 脱下(衣服等) turn(s w itch) off 关掉depend on 依靠rely on依靠insist on坚持carry on继续,进行keep /go on 继续spend …on在……花钱put on穿上,戴上,上演call on拜访move on继续移动,往前走live on以.... 为生feed on以.... 为生bring on使•…••发展take on雇用,呈现(新面貌等) try ( on试穿have on穿着pass on传授,传递look on旁观turn(switch) on 打开11 .动词+outbreak out爆发point ( out指出pick out选出figure out算出,理解burst out进发bring out阐明,使表现出carry out执行,进行help out 救助hold out坚持下去set out出发,着手,摆放wear out穿破,使..... 疲劳turn out结果是,生产,培养make out理解,看清楚come out出版,出来cross out划掉leave out省略,删掉keep out(of)使不进入,挡住work out算出,想出办法等find out查出,弄明白give out散发,分发,用元try ( out试用,试验look out当心,提防put out扑灭speak out大胆讲出hand out散发send out发出,派遣run out用完go out熄灭15 .动词十tolook in 来访,参观动词十 intolet out 泄漏,发出(声音),出租dieout 灭绝动词十 ingive in 让步hand in 上交bringin 引进,使得到收入drop in 拜访result in 导致 succeed in 在 ... 获成功join in 参加 take in接纳,吸收, 改小 getin 收获,进入break in 强制进入,插话 fill in 填写 call in 召集,来访cutin 插入persistin 坚持12.look into 研究,调查 turn into 变成 burstinto 闯入,进发divide …int 把 .. 分成change …into 把 ...... 变成 put / translate …诫把… 译成run into 碰到sendsbto/intosleep 使进入状态动词 +overturn over 翻倒,细想 think over 仔细考虑 go over 审阅,检查,研究 look over 翻阅,检查 get over 克月服 run over 压死,看遍 takeover 接管,接替watch over 看守,照看 fall over 跌倒,摔倒roll over 翻滚14.belong to 属于object to 反对refer to谈到,涉及,参阅point to 指向turn to向..... 求助,查阅stick / hold / keep to 坚持,忠于see to处理,料理come to共计,苏醒reply to 答复get to至U达bring to使办醒把 ..... 比作compare …to与… 相比;把… 比作agree to 同意write to写信给supply…to为 ..... 提供lead to导致,通向add to增添attend to处理,专心,照料devot e…to贡献给16 .动词+upgrow up成长,长大give up放弃,献出build up 建立set up架起、建立put up搭起,架起,安装,住宿,张贴,盖起do up整理,包装,打扮go up增长,上涨get up起床,站起pick up拾起,学会,用车,来接,收听到bring up抚养,呕吐,提出出现turn up开大(音量等),出stay up挺住,熬夜take up开始学,从事,占据sit up熬夜eat up吃完use up用完tear up撕碎弥补出现lay up储存make up构成,组成编造cut up切碎join up联结起来,参军end up总结come up上来,长出,speec 1 up加快速度throw up呕吐clear up整理,收拾,放晴look up查找,找出burn up烧毁catch up赶上hurry up赶快fix up修理,安排,装置keep up保持hold up耽搁,使停顿send up发射ring up打电话open up开创,开辟divide up分配breakup 分解17 .动词十throughget through通过,干完,接通电话lookthrough翻阅,看一遍,仔细查看go through审阅,检查,学习put•••through 接通电话check through核对18 .动词+withdeal with处理,对付meet with遇到,遭受agree with 同意,与 ....... 一致combine with与........ 相联合see through 识破pull through渡过危机,康复do with处理,需要talkwith同.... 交谈compare with 与........相比equip …with以..... 装备beginwith 以 ..... 开始 supply …witl 以 ..... 供给 play with 玩,玩弄cover endup provide-with 用 ... 覆盖 with 以 .... 结束…wit 以 ... 供给。
介词、介词短语和短语动词讲解

介词、介词短语和短语动词一、考纲内容熟悉介词的基本意义及用法;辨析相近、易混介词的用法;掌握常用介词短语的意义及用法;掌握常用短语动词的形式、意义及用法。
二、命题趋势1.语法填空主要考察介词的基本意义和用法,用时兼顾对介词短语的考察。
2.短文改错主要考察介词的误用。
3.考察介词与名词、形容词或动词搭配的意义和用法。
三、介词(一)介词的分类1.从结构上看,介词可以分为以下几类:简单介词(由一个词构成的介词)、合成介词(两个词合在一起的介词)、短语介词(一个或几个简单介词或其他介词组合在一起的介词)、分词介词(部分动词的-ing形式和过去分词形式)。
2,从意思上考虑,介词可以分为下面三类:弓[导时间短语的介词、弓[导地点状语的介词、弓I导其他短语的介词。
(二)介词(短语)的用法区别1.表示方位的at,in,on,to,beside/by 和near⑴at 一般指在较小的地方例:1 met him at the shop.⑵in 一般指在较大的地方,或在某一范围内例:a. They arrived in Beijing yesterday.b. Shandong Province lies in the east of China.⑶on 一般指在物体的表面,或相邻并接壤的两个地域例:a. The picture is hanging on the wall.b. Mongolia is on the north of China.(4)to表示某范围外接壤或不接壤的两个位置例:Shandong Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.(5)beside/by译为“在…旁边”例:a. She was standing beside her mother.b. There is a small house by the river.(6)near译为“接近;靠近”例:There is a supermarket near my home.2.表示方位的between和among⑴between在两者或每两者之间例:I stand between Sue and Jane.⑵among在三者或三者以上之间例:The teacher was standing among the students.3.表示方位的across,through,over 和past(1)across从…的表面穿过例:He walked across the square to meet us.⑵through从…的内部穿过例:The guide led us through the forest.⑶over从…的上面跨过例:The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.(4)past在…的旁边经过例:She walked past the shop.4.表示时间的介词⑴表示“在…”的:at,in,ona.at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日例:at 9:00; at noon; at Christmasb.in表示在某段较长的时间内,世纪、朝代或年月;泛指的上午、下午、傍晚等。
初中英语常见动词与介词搭配的短语

初中英语常见动词与介词搭配的短语常用动词与介词搭配的短语1.动词+about谈论:XXX思考:think about关心,对……有兴趣:care about引起,使发生:bring about着手,开始:XXX发生:come about听说:hear about为……担心:XXX闲逛:XXX了解:know/learn about询问:ask about2.动词+away扔掉:throw away拿走,使入迷:carry away逐渐消失,减弱:die away 冲走:wash away收拾起来,存起来:put away 磨掉,消耗:wear away逃走:run away3.动词+back回来、记起:come/be back 控制住:hold back回call back4.动词+for努力获取:go for等候:wait for乱扔:throw about环顾,四周看:look around 抱怨:complain about吹走:blow away清除掉,消散:clear away去世:pass away拿走,使消失:take away 捐赠、分发:give away 摆脱:break away走开:go XXX回顾:look back(on)归还:give back拿回,收回:take back要求得到:ask for代表,表示:stand for渴望:long for希望得到:XXX关心,喜欢:care for支付、偿还:pay for查找:search for寻找:look for需要,要求:call for提供:provide for 用……换:change…for收费,要价:charge…for 申请:apply for误以为……是:take…for派人去请:send for来拿,来取:XXX5.动词+down坐下:sit down坏了,垮了,分解:break down 记下,记录:XXX down调小,拒绝:turn down削减,砍倒:cut down慢下来:slow down传下来:pass down平静下来:calm down使……降低,使倒下:bring down XXX:XXX拆毁,拆除:tear down下降,平静下来:go down6.动词+at冲(某人)大喊:shout at看,注视:look at1.动词+atXXX凝视,XXX at嘲笑,XXX敲(门、窗等),Point at指向,XXX冲(某人)笑,XXX……射击。
动词与介词搭配的短语

动词与介词搭配的短语l.动词+aboutspeak/talk about谈论think about思考care about关心,对……有兴趣bring about引起,使发生set about着手,开始come about发生hear about听说worry about为……担忧2.动词+awaythrow away扔掉blow away吹走carry away拿走,使入迷clear away去除掉,消散die away逐渐消失,减弱pass away去世wash away冲走take away拿走,使消失put away收拾起来,存起来give away背弃,泄漏,赠送wear away磨掉,消耗break away摆脱send away让走开turn away把……打发走3.动词+backkeep back隐瞒,忍住look back(on)回忆hold back控制住give back归还call back回take back拿回,收回4.动词+forrun for竞选ask for要求得到wait for等候stand for代表,表示long for渴望hope/wish for希望得到care for关心,喜欢beg for乞求search for查找look for寻找call for需要,要求hunt for寻找change…for用……换charge…for收费,要价apply for申请take…for误以为……是seek for寻找come for来拿,来取5.动词+downburn down烧毁break down坏了,垮了,分解take down记下,记录turn down调小,拒绝cut down削减,砍倒slow down慢下来pass down传下来put down记下,写下,镇压calm down平静下来bring down使……降低,使倒下settle down安家come down下落,传下tear down拆毁,撤除6.动词+atcome at向……袭击shout at冲(某人)嚷嚷run at冲向,向……攻击work at干……活动(研究)tear at用力撕look at看,注视stare at凝视glare at怒视glance at匆匆一瞥laugh at嘲笑knock at敲(门、窗等)point at指向smile at冲(某人)笑strike at向……打击aim at向……瞄准shoot at向……射击wonder at惊讶call at拜访(地点)differ from与……不同suffer from受……苦hear from收到……来信die from因……而死keep/stop/prevent…from阻止…learn from向……学习result from由于date from始于……时期separate…from把……别离开8.动词+ofthink of想到dream of梦到consist of由……组成speak of谈到approve of赞成die of死于talk of谈到hear of听说complain of抱怨become of发生……情况,怎么啦9.动词+offstart off出发set off出发leave off中断show off炫耀get off下车take off脱下,起飞see off送行ring off挂断put off延期,推迟come off脱落,褪色cut off切断,断绝fall off跌落,掉下keep off避开,勿走近go off消失;坏了,爆炸,不喜欢knock…off把……撞落break off打断pay off还清carry off携走带走,赢得get off脱下(衣服等)give off散发出turn(switch) off关掉depend on依靠rely on依靠insist on坚持carry on继续,进行keep/go on继续spend…on在……花钱put on穿上,戴上,上演call on拜访move on继续移动,往前走live on以……为生feed on以……为生bring on使……开展take on雇用,呈现(新面貌等)try on试穿have on穿着pass on传授,传递look on旁观turn(switch) on翻开11.动词+outbreak out爆发point out指出pick out选出figure out算出,理解burst out进发bring out说明,使表现出carry out执行,进行help out救助hold out坚持下去set out出发,着手,摆放wear out穿破,使……疲劳turn out结果是,生产,培养make out理解,看清楚come out出版,出来cross out划掉leave out省略,删掉keep out(of)使不进入,挡住work out算出,想出方法等find out查出,弄明白give out散发,分发,用完try out试用,试验look out留神,提防put out扑灭speak out大胆讲出hand out散发send out发出,派遣run out用完go out熄灭let out泄漏,发出(声音),出租die out灭绝12.动词十ingive in让步hand in上交bring in引进,使得到收入drop in拜访result in导致succeed in在……获成功join in参加take in接纳,吸收,改小get in收获,进入break in强制进入,插话fill in填写call in召集,来访cut in插入persist in坚持look in来访,参观13.动词十intolook into研究,调查turn into变成burst into闯入,进发divide…into把……分成change…into把……变成put/translate…into把……译成run into碰到sendsbto/into sleep使进入状态14.动词+overturn over翻倒,细想think over仔细考虑go over审阅,检查,研究look over翻阅,检查get over克服run over压死,看一遍take over接管,接替watch over看守,照看fall over跌倒,摔倒roll over翻滚15.动词十tobelong to属于object to反对refer to谈到,涉及,参阅point to指向turn to向……求助,查阅stick/hold/keep to坚持,忠于see to处理,料理come to共计,苏醒reply to答复get to到达bring to使苏醒把……比作compare…to与…相比;把…比作agree to同意write to写信给supply…to为……提供lead to导致,通向add to增添attend to处理,专心,照料dev ote…to奉献给16.动词+upgrow up成长,长大give up放弃,献出build up建立set up架起、建立put up搭起,架起,安装,住宿,张贴,盖起do up整理,包装,打扮go up增长,上涨get up起床,站起pick up拾起,学会,用车,来接,收听到bring up抚养,呕吐,提出出现turn up开大(音量等),出席stay up挺住,熬夜take up开始学,从事,占据sit up熬夜eat up吃完use up用完tear up撕碎lay up储存make up构成,组成编造弥补cut up切碎join up联结起来,参军end up总结come up上来,长出,出现speed up加快速度throw up呕吐clear up整理,收拾,放晴look up查找,找出burn up烧毁catch up赶上hurry up赶快fix up修理,安排,装置keep up保持hold up耽误,使停顿send up发射ring up打open up开创,开辟divide up分配breakup分解17.动词十throughget through通过,干完,接通look through翻阅,看一遍,仔细查看go through审阅,检查,学习put…through接通see through识破check through核对pull through渡过危机,康复18.动词+withdeal with处理,对付do with处理,需要meet with遇到,遭受talkwith同……交谈agree with同意,与……一致compare with与……相比combine with与……相联合equip…with以……装备cover…with用……覆盖beginwith以……开始endup with以……结束supply…with以……供应provide…with以……供应play with玩,玩弄。
常见动词和介词搭配所构成的短语

常见动词和介词搭配所构成的短语1. 动词+aboutspeak/talk about 谈论think about 思考care about 关心,对...有兴趣bring about 引起,使发生set about 着手,开始come about 发生hear about 听说worry about 为...担心2. 动词+awaythrow away 扔掉blow away 吹走carry away 拿走,使入迷clear away 清除掉,消散wash away 冲走take away 拿走put away 收拾起来,存起来3. 动词+backkeep back 隐瞒,忍住hold back 控制住call back 回电话look back 回顾give back 归还take back 拿回,收回4. 动词+forask for 要求得到,要…. wait for 等候stand for 代表,表示hope/wish for 希望得到look for 寻找charge for 收费,要价5. 动词+downburn down 烧毁take down 记下,记录cut down 削减,砍倒break down 坏了,垮了,分解turn down 调小,拒绝slow down 慢下来put down 记下,写下,镇压6. 动词+atstare at 凝视knock at 敲门,窗等smile at 冲某人shout at 冲某人嚷嚷look at 看,注视laugh at 嘲笑point at 指向call at 拜访地点7. 动词+fromdiffer from 与...不同suffer from 受...苦hear from 收到...来信die from 因...而死keep/stop/prevent from 不让...做learn from 向...学习8. 动词+ofthink of 想到consist of 由...组成dream of 梦到die of 死于hear of 听说9. 动词+offstart off 出发set off 出发show off 炫耀get off 下车see off 送行put off 延期,推迟cut off 切断,断绝keep off 避开,勿走近pay off 还清get off 脱下衣服等turn/switch off 关掉take off 脱下,起飞fall off 跌落,掉下go off 走开,消失,坏了10. 动词+ondepend on 依靠insist on 坚持keep/go on 继续put on 穿上,戴上,上演move on 继续移动,往前走feed on 以...为生take on 雇佣,呈现have on 穿着carry on 继续,进行spend on 在...花钱call on 拜访live on 以...为生try on 试穿turn/switch on 打开11. 动词+outbreak out 爆发point out 指出pick out 选出help out 救助set out 出发,着手wear out 穿破,使...疲劳keep out of 使不进入,挡住find out 查出,弄明白try out 试用,试验put out 扑灭hand out 散发run out 用完turn out 结果是,生产come out 出版,出来work out 算出,想出办法等give out 散发,分发,用完look out 当心,堤防12. 动词+ingive in 让步join in 参加fill in 填写cut in 插入hand in 上交drop in 拜访succeed in 在...获得成功take in 接纳,吸收13. 动词+intolook into 研究,调查change into 把...变成turn into 变成divide into 把...分成put/translate into 把...译成14. 动词+overturn over 翻倒,细想go over 审阅,检查,研究get over 克服take over 接管,接替think over 仔细考虑look over 翻阅,检查15. 动词+tobelong to 属于refer to 谈到,涉及,参阅turn to 向...求助,查阅see to 处理,料理reply to 答复point to 指向come to 共计,苏醒get to 到达add to 增添compare to 与...相比,把...比作write to 写信给lead to 导致,通向16. 动词+upgrow up 成长,长大put up 搭起,架起,安装,住宿,张贴,盖起get up 起床,站起bring up 抚养,呕吐,提出stay up 挺住,熬夜use up 用完hurry up 赶快keep up 保持give up 放弃,献出set up 架起,建立go up 增长,上涨pick up 拾起,学会,用车,来接,收听到turn up 调大,出席,出现take up 开始学,从事,占据eat up 吃完make up 构成,组成look up 查找,找出catch up 赶上17. 动词+throughget through 通过,干完,接通电话go through 审阅,检查,学习look through 翻阅,看一遍,仔细查看18. 动词+withdeal with 处理,对付agree with 同意,与...一致do with 处理,需要talk with 同...交流compare with 与...相比cover with 用...覆盖begin with 以...开始play with 玩,玩弄19.三词以上的短语动词add up to 总计keep away from 避开,别靠近look down on 轻视put up with 忍受keep up with 赶上get on/along with 和...相处get close to 接近get out of 逃避,避免do well in 在...干得好take a photo of 拍...照片get used to 习惯于keep in touch with 保持联系take pride in 为...而自豪take an interest in 对...感兴趣make friends with 同...交朋友take part in 参加catch up with 赶上go on with 继续look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意get into the habit of 染上...的习惯get rid of 摆脱take care of 照看help oneself to 随便吃,用常见动词短语1. come+介词/副词come back 回来come down 下来come in 进入,进来come on 加油,跟我来come out 出来,出版、发行come out of 从……出来come up 出现,上来come from 来自……2. get+介词/副词get up 起身,起床get everything ready 把一切都准备好get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽)get back 返回get rid of 除掉,去除get in 进入get on/off 上/下车get to 到达3. give+介词/副词give back 归还,送回give in 屈服give up 放弃give out 分发give off 发光,发热4. put+介词/副词put on 穿上put up 张贴公布put off 推迟put away 收拾起来put back放回去put down 放下put out 扑灭5. take+介词/副词take in 吸收take on 呈现take after 像take away 拿走take out 拿出take off 起飞、脱下、删除take over 接管take down 记下6. go+介词/副词go out 出去go up 增长,上升go on继续7. keep+介词/副词keep off 避开keep up with 赶上keep on 继续8. look+介词/副词look for寻找look after 照顾look into 调查look over 检查look up 查询look down on 瞧不起look like看上去像look out担心look through浏览9. turn+介词/副词turn on 打开turn off 关上turn up 调大turn down 调小turn over 翻转turn round 绕着…转10. set+介词/副词set up 建立,创建set out 动身、出发、开始set off 动身出发。
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3. 短语动词与介词动词
英语中有不少由“动词+副词”或“动词+介词”构成的动词。
这些动词已不再具备原有动词的意义而具有新的意义,这类动词称为短语动词或介词动词。
(1)短语动词
1)用作及物动词可用作及物动词。
比如:
find out发现finish off吃完
get in收进give back归还
give out分发give up放弃
look up查阅set up建立
take off脱下turn on开(灯,电视…)
turn off关(灯,电视…)
They tried to find out how the fire started.
他们努力查明火灾是怎么发生的。
He was so hungry that he finished off everything on the table.
他很饿,吃完了桌上的东西。
It was warm in the room, so he took off his coat.
房间里暖和,所以他脱掉了上衣。
He turnedoff the TV set and then went to bed.
他关掉电视机,然后去睡觉
注意:短语动词后面接宾语的位置:
It’s noisy in the room. Can you
turn down the radio
turn the radio down
turn it down
a bit?
房间里很闹,你乐能把收音机音量调低一些吗?
2)用作不及物动词的短语动词
有些短语动词用作不及物动词。
比如:
come on来吧get back回去
go ahead干吧;向前走
take off起飞hold on等一等(别挂电话)
set out出发
Comeon, boys. Join me in the game.
来吧,孩子们。
和我一起做游戏。
—Shallwe start now?我们现在开始好吗?
—Go ahead.开始吧。
—MayI speak to Jane?请珍妮听电话。
—Hold on please.请等一下。
The plane didn’t take off on time because of the heavy rain.
因为大雨飞机没有准时起飞。
(2)介词动词
介词动词通常作及物动词用,注意动词和介词合为一个整体,不能分开。
比如:
enter for报名参加go on继续
go over复习look after照顾
look for寻找turn into变成
We all entered for the 1,000 metre race.
我们都报名参加1,000米赛跑。
Let’s go over the old lessons again.
让我们再复习一下旧课。
Who’ll look after my pet dog while I am away?
我不在时,谁照顾我的宠物狗?
2. 连系动词
须带形容词、分词或名词作表语才有完整意义的动词称为连系动词。
最常用的连系动词是be,其次还有get, look, grow, become, turn, go, sound, taste, smell, feel等。
比如:
He was very thirsty.
他很渴。
The stars looked bright in the dark sky.
夜空中星星看上去很明亮。
She felt sick on the ship.
她在船上感到恶心。
He got angry at my words.
听了我的话他很生气。
The animal’s hair grew thick in the winter.
动物的毛发在冬天变厚。
The poor boy often went hungry.
这可怜的男孩常常挨饿。
He has become an engineer.
他已成了工程师。
连系动词后不能用副词作表语。
比如:
这些花很香。
(×)The flowers smell sweetly.
(√)The flowers smell sweet.
这汤味道不错。
(×)The soup tastes well.
(√)The soup tastes good.
某些连系动词同时可以用作及物动词表示具体动作。
比如:
The food tastes nice.
这食品味道不错。
I tasted every kind of food at the dinner party.
在宴会上我尝了每一种食品。
The stone feels cold.
这石头摸上去很冷。
He felt the stones in the water.
他摸着水中的石头。
某些连系动词同时可以用作不及物动词表示具体动作。
比如:
She looked happy at the good news.
听了这个好消息,她看上去很高兴。
She looked happily at her son.
她高兴地看着好的儿子。
一、在下列句子空格中填入适当的副词或介词。
11.They are going to put ___ a play by the writer soon.
12.The painting is too old. Let me take it ___from the wall.
二、分析句子的英语语法结构,并翻译成中文
A young Sudanese woman facing execution for killing her husband as he tried to rape her has had her death sentence quashed. Lawyers for 19-year-old Noura Hussein announced the news on Tuesday afternoon and said the verdict for premeditated murder had also been quashed.【The Guardian】。