Chairman's statement
剑桥商务英语词汇大全
剑桥商务英语词汇大全.Unit 1 the 3 sectors of economy经济的三个部分Infrastructure 基础结构Lean produce 精益生产Warehouse 仓库Industrial units 工业区Residential building 住宅区Agricultural land 农耕区Housing estate地产Managing director 董事总经理，总裁Wholesale outlet 批发商店Retail outlet 零售店Calculation of price 价格计算Added value 增值Smelt 熔炼，提炼Mill 磨Weld 焊接Ex works 出厂价Up stream 上游Down stream 下游Total picture 全局Maintenance 保养，维修Bauxite 铝土矿Coil 线圈Cement 水泥Labor cost 劳力成本Semi-finished 半成品Finished product 成品Department of health 卫生部Primary sector 第一产业Secondary sector 第二产业Tertiary sector 第三产业Raw material 原材料Administration 管理Law 司法Computing 计算机操作Personnel 人事Distribute 分配，配送Health care 医疗卫生Logistics 物流Assemble 装配Disassemble 拆卸Assembling line 生产线Iron ore 铁矿石Division of labor 劳动分工Heavy industry 重工业Light industry 轻工业Marketing 市场营销Chain of command 指挥系统，行政管理系统Core technology 核心技术Know-how 技术诀窍Labor-intensive 劳动密集型Technology-intensive 技术密集型Capital-intensive 资本密集型Hinterland 内地，腹地Initial outlay 初期投资Garments 服装Unit 2 management 管理Manager’s job= planning+ organizing+ leading+ con trolling Allocate resources 分配资源Pay and promotion 薪酬和晋升Modify 修正Line manager 一线经理Immediate line manager 直接下属的一线经理Top manager 高层经理Top management 高层管理Middle management 中层管理Supplier 供应商Public authorities 政府部门Be advised 听取意见Distributor 分销商Swiss franc 瑞士法郎Appreciate 升值Depreciate 贬值Component of economy 经济部门Good will resource 商誉Human resource 人力资源Natural resource 自然资源Market share 市场份额Monopoly in/ of/ on 垄断，专利品Management skills 管理技能Management tactics 管理技巧Decision-making 决策Board of directors 董事会Chairman of the board 董事长High-performance car 高性能汽车Tangible/ physical resources 有形资源Capital resources 资本资源Superior 上级Subordinate 下属Senior manager 资深经理Junior manager 初级经理Corporate culture 公司文化Check and balance 制衡Hardware 五金，硬件Monopoly/ lock 垄断Interchangement 互换Solution provider 方案提供商Chain store 连锁店Work experience 工作经历Working hour 工作时间Price v. 定价；比价Chief operation office 首席运营官Operation management 作业管理Financial management 财务管理HR management 人力资源管理Marketing management 销售管理Logistics management 物流管理OTC= over the counter 成药Arts 文科Science 理科Engineering 工科Simulate 仿造，模仿High-end product 高端产品Rock bottom price 最低价Frills 虚饰Target market 目标市场Empowerment 赋权Ad hoc 特别，专门Task force 特遣部队，特别行动组Cash and assets 现金和资产Buffer= cushion 起缓冲作用的人或物Leeway 余地，余裕Product 产品Productivity 生产率Produce 生产；特产local produce 地方特产Delegation 代表团Corporate statement = mission statement 公司主旨Aim/ vision 愿景Corporate image 公司形象For here 堂食To go 带走Focus group 焦点小组Innovation 创新，革新Manageable 可管理的，可处理的Set objective 设置目标Safety net 安全网Dismiss 解职，开除Expertise 专门技术Merchandise 商品，货物Verify 检验，核实IBM= International Business MachinesThe retail sector 零售业Predescribed quantities 预先定好的数量Layout 布局Sales staff 销售人员Working environment 工作环境Day-to-day logistics 日常物流，后勤Day-to-day running of the store 商店的日常运营Strategic management 战略管理Formulating strategy 制定战略Delegation 授权Parameter 参数High street= main street 大众的（商品）Replenish→replenishment （货物的）补充Members of staff 公司职员Voice your consent 抱怨Inventory = stock 库存Policy 保单（a contract of insurance）Philosophy 理念Regular meeting 例会，常规会议Accountability 问责性Unit 3 company structure 公司结构Recruitment 雇佣，招募Remuneration 报酬Department of legal affairs 法务部Purchase 采购部IT 信息技术部R&D 研发部Tooling 加工部Immediate boss 直接上司Immediate subordinate 直接下属Autonomous 自制的Decentralization 分散化，权力下放，分权Function 功能Hierarchy 等级Line authority 直线职权Report to 向……负责Subordinates 下属Matrix 矩阵Assistant manager 助理经理Manager assistant 经理助理Functional structure 机能结构= production+ finance+ marketing市场营销+ sales+ personnel/ HRLead time 订货交付时间Reorganization 改组Operating division 运营段，运营分部Overlap 重叠Commercial division 商业银行Private banking 私人理财International division 国际银行Investment division 投资银行Inherent problem 固有的问题Product manager 产品经理Market segment 市场细分Autonomy 自治权Priority 优先权Dimensional 四维基质的Sales force 销售队伍Commission 提成Optional features 可选功能，可选装置Cash balance 现金平衡Credit facility 信用工具Profit margin 利益空间Research and development spending 研发投入Self-financing 使用自有资金，自筹资金Organization chart 组织结构图Market research 市场调研（部）Teller 出纳Advertising and promotion 广告与促销Publicity 宣传Industrial belt 工业带Corporate ethos 公司风气Collaboration 协作Insulated = isolated 隔绝的Fragmentation 分裂Subsidiary 分公司Openness 开放性Downsizing 裁员Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Chief financial officer 财务总监Unit 4 work and motivation工作和动机Induce 劝诱，促使Incentive 动力，刺激Labor relations 劳资关系Labor union 工会Benefit 福利，津贴Perk 津贴，补贴Supplement 额外费用Bureaucracy 官僚主义Job safety 工作安全性Job security 工作稳定性Sales promotion 促销Remuneration 薪水Psychological well-being 心理满足Administration 行政管理Working condition 工作条件Paid holiday 带薪假日Sick pay 病假工资Pension 养老金Psychology of work 工作心理学Recognition 认可，承认Checkout till 结账柜台的现金出纳机Checkout 结账柜台Till 现金出纳机Cash till 收银台Cash register 收银处Product line 生产线Product line-up 产品系列User-friendly 易于使用的Go round 分配Creature comfort 物质享受Interface 界面程序Annual bonus 年度奖金Corporate culture 公司文化= values价值观+ beliefs信条+ norms标准Dead-end job 没前途的工作Stock order = replenishment 货物补充Hygiene 卫生Play pool 打台球Health screening program 健康检查Sales floor 店面Trade floor 交易所Bus depot 汽车总站Profit-sharing programme 收益分享Career training 职业培训Working week 工作周Pre-school age children 学前儿童Premise 工作场所Subsidize 补贴Tinned food 罐装食物Piecework system 计件系统Pay scheme 薪酬计划Unit 5 management and cultural diversity 管理与文化多样性Localization 本地化Globalization 全球化Pay-for-performance 绩效工资Collectivist 集体主义的Sales rep 商品经销代理Universalist 普爱论者Particularist 排他主义者Glocalization 全球地方化Multinational 跨国公司Unit 6 recruitment 招聘Applicant 申请人Application 申请Application form 申请表Candidate 候选人Curriculum vitae = resume 简历Employment agency 职介机构Job description 职责描述Job vacancy 职务空缺Reference 推荐信Short-list 列入最后候选名单Covering letter= cover letter 附函Give notice 预先通知（辞退）A form of headhunters 猎头公司Follow up 跟进Preliminary selection 初选Testimonials 证明书，推荐书Synchronized sewing 同步缝纫Traineeship 培训Referee 介绍人，推荐人Controlling stake 控股权Contingency 意外事件Contingency plan 应变计划Contingency fund 以外开支准备金Core competence 核心竞争力Home provider 持家者Stereotype 成见Maternity leave 产假Sick pay 病假The trade 同行Trade union = labor union 工会Working class 无产阶级，工薪族Child-bearingChild-rearingAffirmative action 倾向性法案Positive discrimination 积极差别Corporate affairs 公司事务Allowances 津贴，补贴Unit 7 labor relationship劳资关系Trade union= labor union 工会Motorway 高速公路Collective bargaining 集体谈判Go-slow= slowdown 怠工Working-to-rule 按章工作Industrial action 劳工行动Picket 纠察Rate of production 生产速率Premises 企业的房屋建筑及附属场地Outsource 外包Subcontract 转包Subcontractor 承包商Out of house 机构外部的In-house 机构内部的Backstreet 偏僻街道Bill 开出账单，收取费用Staff levels 人员配备情况Bargaining power 议价权Conglomerate 联合大公司，企业集团Arch-rival 主要竞争对手Penalty point 违章扣分记录Pay-as-you-go 打多少交多少话费Auditor 审计员Adversary 对手，敌手Working hours gongzuoshij Working practices 工作惯例Uneconomic job 不赚钱的工作Tyranny 专制Deregulation 解除管制Work force 劳动力Public sector 共有部门Unit 8 production生产Flexible production line 柔性生产线Trade-off 妥协，协调，平衡Opportunity cost 机会成本Sunk cost 沉没成本Raw materials 原材料Semi-finished 半成品Finished 成品Product defect 质量缺陷Excess capacity 剩余产能Fixed cost 固定成本Variable cost 可变成本Cash flow 现金流Information flow 信息流Material flow 物料流Logistics 物流Lost sales 销售损失Market share 市场份额Production run 生产周期Mother-board 主板Hard disc 硬盘Chip 芯片Chassis （汽车）底盘Call center 呼叫中心OEM= original equipment manufacter 设备原产商，贴牌制造商Lean production 精益生产= stockless production 零库存生产= JIT= just-in-time production 准时制生产= continuous flow manufacture 连续流程生产PPM= piece per million 每百万件瑕疵率Continuous improvement= kaizen= kaizan 改善哲学Deming cycle= PDCA= plan-do-check-act 德明环ERP= enterprise resources planning 企业资源计划Scientific outlook 科学发展观No slack 无松懈，无容余Hi-fi= high fidelity 高保真Wi-fi= wireless fidelity 无线保真Operation manager 操作经理，运营经理Lead time 交付时间，订货到收货时间间隔Outsourcing= contracting out 外包Plant 工厂Subcontractor 承包商，分包商Economies of scale 规模经济Handling 搬运Depreciation 贬值Set-up 机器设置Obsolescence 过时，废弃Theft 盗窃，偷盗Breakage 破损Leakage 渗漏Under-utilizing 开工不足Defective 次品Quantity discount 大宗购买折扣Stimulate demand 刺激需求Sabotage 蓄意破坏Throughput 生产量，加工阶段Throughput time 输入到输出的加工阶段所需时间Product mix 产品组合Product line 产品系列，产品线Product range 产品范围QC department= quality department 质量部Knock-on 附带效果，间接影响，累积效果Knock-on effect 连续反应Circuit board 电路板Implant 植入Transplant 移植Refine process 完善Refinery 精炼厂TQM= Total quality management 全面质量管理Assembling 组装Distribute 分销Equipment 设备，（企业除了房产以外的）固定资产Facility 设备Joint venture 合资企业Location 位置，选址Operation 操作，运营Parts 零件Recall 召回Storage 贮藏（量）Work in process 正在进行的工作Unit 9 products产品Launch a product 发布产品Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand preference 品牌偏爱度Brand switcher 转换不同牌子的人Product line 产品线Product line-up 全系列产品Product mix 产品组合（一种产品的不同形式）Product range 产品范围PLC= Product life cycle 产品生命周期Niche 缝隙Niche market 缝隙市场Line-stretching 产品线的扩展Line filling 产品系列的填补Market segment 细分市场Segmentation of the market 市场细分High-end market 高端市场Low-end market 低端市场Up-market 向高端市场Down-market 向低端市场Product image 产品形象Corporate image 公司形象Shelf life 货架期，存活期Sell-by date 销售期限Expiration date= expire date 产品有效期Eye-soreAround the clock 24小时营业Portion 一客Dehydrate 使脱水Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stakeholder 利益一致者，风险共担体制Logo 标志Slogan 口号Service station （高速公路旁的）服务站Desktop machine 台式机器Financing 融资Economics 经济情况，经济因素Color scheme 色彩主题，色彩搭配Credit facility 信用工具Warranty = guarantee 保修Maintenance 维修保养After-sales service 售后服务Brand name 品牌Brand 商标，牌子Shelf space 货架空位Product development 产品研发Profitability 利润率Vending machine 自动售货机Prototype 原型，雏形Augmented 扩张的Delivery 交货，交付Initiative 主动积极性Market share 市场份额，市场占有率Multi-brand strategy 多品牌策略Vandalize 蓄意损坏公物Retailer 零售商Colgate 高露洁Philips 飞利浦Procter & Gamble 宝洁Unilever 联合利华Yamaha 雅马哈Unit 10 marketing市场营销Marketing mix市场营销组合，营销要素组合= product+ promotion+ price+ placePromotion 促销= advertising+ word of mouth+ public relations+ point of saleMarketing= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 促销+ publicity and public relations 宣传和公共关系Optional 选择（配置）Standard 标准（配置）Personal selling 人员推销Direct marketing 直销Direct mail 直邮Business market= producer market= industrial 商务市场，生产资料市场Consumer market 消费市场List price 标价= suggested retail price= recommended retail price 建议零售价Management consulting 管理咨询Tie range 领带系列Texture 质地Lycra 莱卡Take remedial action 采取补救措施Qualitative analysis 定性分析Quantitive research 定量分析Internal research 内部分析Raw/ primary/ first-hand data 一手数据Secondary/ second-hand data 二手数据Academic journal 学术期刊Trade journal 行业期刊Wine testing session 品酒会Sample v. 尝试，品尝Distribution channel 分销渠道，配送渠道Market research= marketing research 市场研究，市场调研Centrality 集中性Console 控制台Focus group 焦点小组Head office 公司总部Market opportunity 市场机会Integration 整合Marketer 营销人员Publicity 宣传Questionnaire 调查问卷Sales promotion 促销活动Selling 推销Target customer 目标顾客Hard-sell 硬性推销Market segmentation 市场细分Point of sale 销售点Product concept 产品概念Product features 产品功能Sales representative 销售代理B2B= business to business 企业对企业Selling concept 销售概念Marketing concept 行销概念Differential advantage 差异优势Integrated marketing 整合营销Discount 折扣Payment periodCredit terms 信用调侃Product manager 产品经理Brand manager 品牌经理Annual report 年报Unit11 advertising广告Advertising account 广告客户Advertising agent 广告公司Advertising campaign 广告宣传，广告攻势Brief 摘要Budget 预算Commercial 广播或电视广告Comparative-parity method 相对平等方法，比较奇偶方法Cost per thousand= CPM 每一千个成本Counter-cyclical advertising 非循环的广告Diminishing returns 收益递减Exposure 暴露Frequency 频率Institutional advertising 机构广告= prestige advertising 声望广告Media plan 媒体计划Media space 媒体空间Message 讯息，广告词OTS= opportunity to see 可见机会Prospective customer 潜在顾客Sales revenue 销售收入Sponsorship 赞助Target market 目标市场Threshold effect 门槛效应Turnover 流通量，营业额，周转Word-of-mouth advertising 口口相传，口碑Billboard = hoarding 广告牌Classified advertisement 分类广告Paid advertising 付费广告Advertising strategy 广告策略Poster 海报Purchasing frequency 购买平率Buyer turnover 新入场客户Match 追平Excessive advertising 过度广告Voiceover 画外音Unit12 promotional tools促销工具Promotion tools 促销工具= advertising 广告+ personal selling 人员推销+ sales promotion 提升销量+public relations 公共关系Brand awareness 品牌知名度Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Coupon 优惠券Introduction stage 引入期Growth stage 增长期，上升阶段Maturity stage 成熟期Decline stage 衰退期，下降阶段Loss leader 特价商品Planning 计划Positioning 定位Price-conscious 对价格敏感的Sales force 销售队伍Salespeople 售货员Sample 样品Trial 尝试Free trial 免费试用Publicity 宣传Paid advertising 付费广告Novel product 新产品Aim 指向Reduction 降价Rebate 回扣Promotional strategy 促销策略Promotional tactic 促销技巧Reduced-price pack 经济装Distributor 分销商Retailer 零售商Dealer 代理商Off-season 淡季Unit 13 accounting and financial statements 会计和财务报表Accountancy 会计师Accountant 会计师Accounting equation 会计恒等式Accounting 会计学Accrue 自然增加Accrued expenses 应计费用Accumulate 累计Amortization 摊销Annual report 年度报告Appreciate 增值Auditing 审计Bookkeeping 簿记Capitalization 资本化Cash flow 现金流Cost accounting 成本会计Creative accounting 粉饰财务状况Credit 信用，贷方Creditors债权人= accounts payable 应付账款Debit 借方Debt 债务Debtors债务人= accounts receivable 应收账款Depreciation 折旧Dividend 股息，红利Double-entry bookkeeping 复式簿记，复式记账法Earnings 收益Expenditure 支出，花费Expenses 费用，开支Financial statement 财务决算，财务报表Finished products 成品，产品Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Going concern 持续经营Goodwill 商誉Income 收益Interest 利息Long term liabilities 长期负债Current liabilities 流动负债，短期负债Managerial accounting 管理会计Market capitalization 市场资本化Nominal value 票面价值Market value 市场价值Quantify 量化Retained earnings 留存收益Revenue （销售）收入Self proprietorship 独资企业Shareholder= stockholder 股东Stock= inventory 库存Liability for tax 税务负担Transaction 交易Managerial accounting 管理会计Tax accounting 税务会计Cost accounting 成本会计Prepare budget 编制预算Financial report 财务报表Value v 定价Income & expenditure 收入和支出Debits & credits 借与贷Assets & liabilities 资产与负债Unit cost 单位成本Auditing 审计IRS= Internal Revenue Service 美国税务署Tax authority 税务局CPA= Certificated Public Accountant 注册会计师File a tax return 报税Income tax return 所得税表Income tax 所得税Sales tax 销售税Self-proprietorship 个体户Partnership 合伙，合股Tax break 减免税Turnover 销售收入，总收入Charged against profits 从利润中扣除On credit 赊账Overheads= overhead 固定费用Variable cost 可变成本Shareholder= stockholder 股东Pay liabilities 偿债Purchase price 购买价Depreciation charge 折旧费Understate 低估Overstate 高估Inflation 通货膨胀Deflation 通货紧缩Historical cost accounting 历史成本会计Net book value 净账面价值= purchase value – depreciation chargeCurrent cost accounting 时价会计Replacement cost accounting 重置成本会计Specify v. 规定Profit and loss account= income statement 损益表(shows earnings & expenditure, i.e. turnover+ costs+ expensed+ overheads )Balance sheet 资产负债表(shows financial situation on particular date, i.e. assets+ long-term & short-term liabilities+ shareholder’s funds)Financial year 财政年度Assets 资产= debtors/ accounts receivable + intangible assetsIntangible assets 无形资产=patents 专利+ goodwill 商誉+ copyrights 版权+ trade marks 商标Liabilities 负债=creditors/ account payableLong-term liabilities= loans 贷款+ bonds 债券Short-term liabilities=taxes+ interests 利息Assets=liabilities+ owners’ equity 资本主权，业主产权（股东对资产清偿所有债务之后剩余价值的所有权）Assets-liabilities= owners’ equity/ net as sets 净资产Share capital 股本，股份资本Share premium= paid-in surplus 股份溢价（超过股票票面价值的所得）Market capitalization 市场资本总值，市场资本总额Reserves 储量profit→taxation, dividend, retained profitFunds flow statement 资金流量表Source and application of funds statement 资金来源和应用表Statement of changes in financial position 财务状况变动报表Consolidated financial statement 合并财务报表IAS= International Accounting Standards 国际会计标准Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 期初现金Net cash from operating activities 运营净现金Net profit 净利润Retained earnings 留存收益Non-current assets 非流动资产Pre-paid expenses 预付费用Treasury shares 回购股票Translation differences 折算差Deferred tax liabilities 递延税负债Interest-bearing liabilities 有息贷款VAT= value added tax 增值税Associated company 关联公司Minority interests 少数股权Proceeds 所得收入Unit 14 banking 银行业务Personal banking 个人银行业务Cash card 现金卡，借记卡Credit card 信用卡Cash dispenser= ATM= automatic teller machine 自动取款机，自动柜员机Home banking 家庭银行（网银+电话银行）Loan 贷款Mortgage 抵押贷款，按揭Overdraft= overdraw 透支Current account= checking account 活期账户Deposit account= time account= notice account 定期账户Standing order= direct debit 长期委托书The banking industry 银行业Commercial bank= retail bank 商业银行，零售银行Foreign currency 外币Foreign exchange 外汇Spread= margin 差额Credit 借贷Note 纸币Cheque= check 支票Coin 硬币Yield & risk 收益与风险Liquidity 资产流动性Maturity 到期Investment bank= merchant bank 投资银行Issue securities 发行证券Underwrite securities 包销，分销证券Merger 并购Takeover 收购，接管Stockbroker 股票经纪人Portfolio management 投资组合Fee and commission 佣金Universal bank 综合银行Central bank 中央银行Minimum interest rate 最低利率Discount rate 贴现利率Blue chip borrower 蓝筹公司Base rate= prime rate 基本利率Credit standing= credit rating= creditworthiness 信用评价Solvency 偿付能力Collateral 抵押品，担保物Foreign bank 外国银行，外资银行Eurocurrency 外国持有的欧洲货币Petrodollar 石油美元Unit 15 stocks and shares股票Unlimited liability 无限责任Limited liability 有限责任Creditor 债权人Legal entity 法律实体Wound up 中止Liquidate 清算Venture capital 风险投资Memorandum of Association= Certificate of Incorporation 公司执照Article of Association= bylaws 公司条令Director 董事Public listed company= listed company= Publicly quoted company上市公司Shareholder= stockholder 股东Registrar of companies 公司登记处Over-the-counter market 场外交易市场Alternative Investment Market (London) 另类投资市场NasdaqBe quoted= be listed 上市Stock exchange 股票交易所Issue share 发行股票First Public Offering =IPO=Make a flotation= float a company首次公开募股Investment bank 投资银行Underwrite the issue 包销Rights issue 权利股发行Capitalize 资本化Bonus issue 红股发行Annual General Meeting= Annual Meeting of Stockholders 股东年会Residual value 残留价值Liquidation 清算Secondary market 二级市场Nominal value= face value= par value 票面价值Share= stock= equity 股票Blue chip 蓝筹Defensive stock 防御性股票Growth stock 成长性股票Insider share-dealing 内部交易Institutional investor 机构投资者Mutual fund 互惠基金，互利基金Market-maker 造市商Portfolio 组合投资Stockbroker 股票经纪人Cyclical trend 周期性趋势Pension fund 养老基金Insurance company 保险公司Unit 16 bonds 债券Obligation 负债Opportunity cost 机会成本Issue bonds 发行债券Blue chip company 蓝筹公司Rate 评价，估值Rating company 评估公司Standard & Poors 标准普尔Investment grade 投资评级Bearer certificate 不记名债券Primary market 一级市场Secondary bond market 二级债券市场Liquid 变现的Par 面值Coupon 息票Debt financing 负债融资Equity financing 股票融资Tax shield 税收挡避Debt-equity ratio 负债与权益比率Receipts 收入Gilt-edged securities 金边证券Treasury bond 长期国库债券Short-term treasury bill 短期国库券Circulation 流通Redeem 赎回Convertible bond 可转换债券Junk bond 垃圾债券Unit 17 futures and derivativesFutures 期货交易，期货合约Financial asset 金融资产Option 期权Commodities 大宗商品Derivatives 衍生物Hedging 对冲，套期保值Speculation 投机(Write a) Call option 看涨期权Put option 看跌期权Discount store 打折店Spot market 现货市场Futures market 期货市场Forward contract 远期合约Premium 溢价Exchange rate 汇率Interest rate 利率London International Financial Futures Exchange=LIFFE 伦敦国际金融期货交易所Exercise price= strike price 执行价Swap 掉期Currency swap 外汇掉期Interest rate swap 利率掉期Preferential rate 优惠汇率Profit and loss account 损益表Securities and Exchange Commission=SEC 证券交易管理委员会International Swaps and Derivatives Association=ISDA 国际掉期与衍生物协会End user 最终用户Corporate governance 公司监管Stop-loss limit 止损点Scenario analysis 情景分析Sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析Front line personnel 一线人员Police vt. 监管Code of conduct 行为规范Unsolicited 主动提供的Shoot through the floor 涨疯了Unit 18 market structure and competitionDurable consumer goods 耐用消费品Market leader 市场领导者Market follower 市场跟从者Market challenger 市场挑战者Market share 市场份额Market segmentation 市场细分Differential advantage 差别又是Unique selling point=USP 独特卖点Submarket 刺激市场Potential customer 潜在客户Barrier to entry 进入门槛Cartel 卡特尔Dominant-firm oligopoly 寡头垄断Economies of scale 规模经济Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争Monopoly 垄断Monopsony 买家垄断Natural monopoly 自然垄断Oligopoly 寡头垄断Perfect competition 完全竞争Homogenous 同类的，同质的Public utility 公用事业Marginal cost 边际成本Unit 19 takeovers, mergers and buyoutsMergers and acquisition 并购Backward integration 向后合并Forward integration 向前合并Horizontal integration 横向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Innovate 创造发明Diversify 多样化Raid 企图收购Takeover 收购出价Politics 权术，勾心斗角Optimum 最合适的Scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜Craftsmanship 技术，技艺Leica 莱卡World-class player 世界级的玩家，世界级角色Rightsize 精简机构人员，合理简化On a day’s notice 提前一天通知On short notice 突然Leveraged buyouts=LBO 杠杆收购Management buyout= MBO 管理层收购Synergy 协同Asset-stripping 资产剥离Equity capital 股本Junk bond 垃圾债券UNIT 20 efficiency and employmentComputerization 计算机化Flexibility 灵活性Public services 公共服务Self-employment 自我雇佣Decentralization 分权Free trade 自由贸易Job-sharing 工作分享Rationalization 精简增效Deregulation 解除管制Productivity 生产效率Restructuring 重组Structural change 结构改变Welfare 福利Monetary policy 货币政策Private rent sector 私人租赁市场Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Tenure 任期Downsizing 减员Agency employmentRhetoric 说辞Received wisdom 流行观点Unemployment benefit 失业救济Sack 解雇Job insecurity 工作不稳定性Employability 可雇佣性Structural unemployment 结构性失业Frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业Cyclical unemployment 周期性失业Structural shift 结构性改变Job retention rate 工作留用率UNIT 21 Business cycleClassical economic theory 古典经济理论Welfare capitalism 福利资本主义Vitality 活力Perfect competition 完全竞争，自由竞争Free enterprise 自由市场Well-being 幸福Unit 22 the role of governmentMarket forces 市场力量Health Department 卫生部National Health Service 全民医疗Undercurrent 潜流Good society 良性社会State action 国家行为Health care 医疗服务Underclass 底层The affluent 富人Planned economy 计划经济Central economic planning 中央经济规划Intervention 干预Coerce vt. 强迫Mortician 殡葬业者A host of 很多Dispose of 用掉，用光Industry 实业Department of Trade and Industry= DTI 贸易工业部Unit 23 central banking, money and taxationFiscal policy 财政政策Monetary policy 货币政策Open market operation 开放市场操作Bank run 挤兑Liquidity ratio 现金比率Branch of the government 政府部门Budgetary policy 预算政策Budget deficit 预算赤字US Federal Reserve 美联储Price stability 价格稳定，物价稳定Declare （海关）申报Levy tax at… 对……征税Income tax 所得税Direct tax 直接税Indirect tax 间接税Value-added tax 增值税Regressive tax 递减税Progressive tax 递增税Sales tax 销售税Capital gains tax 资本所得税Capital transfer tax 资本转移税Wealth tax 财富税Tax evasion 逃税，漏税Tax avoidance 避税Government expenditure 政府支出Excise duties 消费税，国内货物税Corporation tax 公司税Marginal rate 边际率Black economy= underground economy 黑色经济，地下经济，非法经济Moonlighting 兼差Self-employed 自雇Family firm 家庭企业Gross national production= GNP 国民生产总值Loophole 漏洞Life insurance人寿保险Tax shelter 减免税收合法手段Tax loss 负税亏损Capital expenditure 资本支出，基本建设费用Money laundering 洗钱Unit 24 exchange rates 外汇利率The Bretton Woods agreement 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定利率Floating exchange rate 浮动利率Peg against 挂钩Promissory note 本票International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织Devaluation 贬值Revaluation 升值Gold convertibilityFreely/ clean floating exchange rate 清洁浮动利率Managed/ dirty floating exchange rate 管制/肮脏浮动利率。
Chairman's Statement
Chairman’s StatementI am pleased to present the results of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) for the year ended 31st December, 2008 (the “Year”) to the shareholders.RESULTSProfit attributable to equity holders of the Company for the Year was HK$116.7 million (2007: HK$107.7 million). Earnings per share for the Year recorded at HK34.44 cents (2007: HK31.78 cents).DIVIDENDSThe Board of Directors has proposed a final dividend of HK one cent per share in respect of the Year (2007: Nil). Subject to approval of the shareholders at the forthcoming annual general meeting to be held on 27th May, 2009, the proposed final dividend will be paid on or about 26th June, 2009 to shareholders as registered at the close of business on 27th May, 2009.CLOSURE OF REGISTER OF MEMBERSThe register of members will be closed from 25th May, 2009 to 27th May, 2009, both days inclusive. F or the purpose of ascertaining the members’ entitlement to the attendance of the forthcoming annual general meeting of the Company and to the final dividend, all share transfers accompanied by the relevant share certificates must be lodged with the Company’s Share Registrar in Hong Kong, namely Tricor Secretaries Limited, at 26th Floor, Tesbury Centre, 28 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong not later than 4:30 p.m. on 22nd May, 2009.116,700,000 107,700,000 34.44 31.7828 26Chinese Estates Holdings Limited1. 1 3 B2. 13.94 3 84. 2-8 7-35 14 165. 464 2 4 7 8 9 24 96. 7 10 57. 348.1166 A603 A604 B601 B603 B1201 B2101 B2201 B2301BUSINESS REVIEWDisposal of interests in shares and loans to certain subsidiaries and associated companiesThe Company underwent a substantial change during the Year. On 17th January, 2008, the Company entered into a sale and purchase agreement with Chinese Estates Holdings Limited (“Chinese Estates”) to dispose of interests in shares and loans to certain subsidiaries and associated companies (the “Transaction”). The Transaction, which constituted a very substantial disposal and connected transaction for the Company under the Listing Rules, was approved by the independent shareholders at an extraordinary general meeting of the Company held on 13th May, 2008. As a result of the Transaction, the interests on principal properties held by those subsidiaries and associated companies were indirectly disposed of to Chinese Estates under the Transaction on 30th September, 2008. The properties were as follows:–1.Unit B on the 3rd F loor, No. 1 South Lane, Western District, Hong Kong;2. Various portions of No. 1 Hung To Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon;3.The whole of 3rd Floor and the adjacent Flat Roof and the whole of 8th F loor, Inter-Continental Plaza, No. 94 Granville Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon;4.Shop Nos. 14 and 16 on Ground Floor and the Cinema, Tuen Mun Centre, Nos. 2-8 Wo Ping Path, Nos. 7-35 Yan Ching Street, Tuen Mun, New Territories;5.9/24 equal and undivided shares of and in Lot Nos. 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9 in Demarcation District No. 464, So Shi Tau, Clear Water Bay, New Territories;6.Unit 5, 10th F loor, Hing Wai Centre, No. 7 Tin Wan Praya Road, Aberdeen, Hong Kong;7. No. 34 Hill Road, Western District, Hong Kong; and8.Units A603, A604, B601, B603, B1201, B2101, B2201 and B2301, Jin Yuan Shi Jie Zhong Xin, No. 1166 Zhongshan Main Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, the PRC.Chairman ’s Statement531,800,000 3,900,00010 6 31,128 5012,000,000900,000,000 Longman Limited Longman Limited 843,000,000 1 Longman LimitedBUSINESS REVIEW (cont ’d)The aforesaid properties were disclosed in the circular to the shareholders dated 25th April, 2008 concerning the Transaction.The consideration received from the Chinese Estates group of companies for the Transaction was some HK$531.8 million. The profit arisen from the Transaction was about HK$3.9 million.Upon completion of the Transaction, the real property currently retained by the Company is certain unsold units and carparking spaces of Gemstar Tower in Hunghom. During the Year, the Group disposed of 10 godown units in Gemstar Tower. As at 31st December, 2008, the Group held 6 godown units on various floors with a total gross floor area of approximately 31,128 square feet and 50 carparking spaces.Securities Investment and FinanceDuring the Year, the Company had been diversifying its business activities to securities investment and finance, such as investment in various long term floating rate notes and fixed rate notes. The aggregate principal amount of the floating and fixed rate notes are US$12 million.In light of the sudden unexpected global financial tsunami and the volatility of the stock market, the Company considered that it was an extremely difficult time to carry out investment, even with the abundant cash in hands. At that time, no suitable projects or investment opportunities to utilize the excess idle cash could be identified. Coupled with the shrinking interest returns, in order to secure a more reasonably profitable but secured return other than keeping the idle cash as bank deposits, the Company determined to provide a short term three-year revolving facility of up to HK$900 million to Longman Limited, a subsidiary company of Chinese Estates, with Chinese Estates acting as a guarantor for repayment of the loan. The loan had been approved by the independent shareholders of the Company at an extraordinary general meeting held on 12th December, 2008. As at 31st December, 2008, a total sum of HK$843 million had been borrowed by Longman Limited at the interest rate of HIBOR plus 1% per annum. The loan is repayable on demand upon serving not less than one month’s prior notice to Longman Limited.PROSPECTSIt is a hard time for the Company and every enterprise in Hong Kong upon the sudden attack by the global financial tsunami. The Company cannot avoid from the adverse impact of the global financial tsunami and it is not a good time to carry out substantial progressive investment. The era of zero interest rate has arrived and keeping the abundant cash with banks for deposits purpose cannot generate a reasonably expected return to the Company. With the loan to Chinese Estates group of companies, the Company, however, has secured a reliable source of income from its holding company. With the abundant cash in hands, the Company can await a suitable but secured investment in the long run. F acing the unprecedented challenge in this adverse global economic environment, the Company will strive to maintain a flexible but prudent investment business strategy in the near future.APPRECIATIONI would like to take this opportunity to thank the shareholders of their continuing support. I also thank my fellow directors and staff members for their dedication and hard work.On behalf of the Board Matthew Cheong, Veng-vaChairmanHong Kong, 6th March, 2009。
Chairman's Statement
Chairman’s Statement 主席報告書DEAR SHAREHOLDERS,It is my pleasure to present the interim report and condensed consolidated financial statements of PYI Corporation Limited (“PYI”) and its subsidiaries for the six months ended 30 September 2009. Revenue dropped by 26% to $2,068 million (2008: $2,790 million) during the period, while net profit attributable to shareholders increased by 56% to $116 million (2008: $74 million). Earnings per share rose 38% to 2.9 cents per share (2008: 2.1 cents as adjusted due to rights issue in July 2009). Our shareholders’ funds stood at $4,121 million, representing $0.91 per share.The board of directors of PYI has resolved not to declare an interim dividend for the six months ended 30 September 2009 (2008: Nil).During the six-month period under review, we saw stabilization and rebound of major economies around the world. China achieved the target 8% GDP growth for 2009 ahead of schedule. Domestic demand notably improved as a result of the economic stimulus programs launched by the Central Government, which stressed infrastructural development and support for the rural population. Our port network did not only benefit from the increased domestic demand, but was also able to contribute to the smooth flow of commodities across the Yangtze Region.PYI continued its steadfast effort in delivering the Yangtze Strategy. Our port network reached the middle stream of the Yangtze by the inclusion of Yichang Port Group in Hubei, which became our subsidiary in November. Also came under the umbrella was Jiangyin Sunan, who operated the terminal in Jiangyin Port, Jiangsu. A detailed review of our operations during the period is included in the Managing Director’s Report.各位股東：本人欣然向 閣下提呈保華集團有限公司（「保華」）及其附屬公司截至2009年9月30日止六個月之中期報告及簡明綜合財務報表。
美国留学个人陈述管理学专业PS
美国留学个人陈述管理学专业PS第一篇：美国留学个人陈述管理学专业PSUs1cm美国留学个人陈述管理学专业PS范文在美国留学申请中，个人陈述的重要性不言而喻，下面是美国留学管理学专业的优秀个人陈述范文，希望对大家有帮助。
Management Personal StatementI would like to apply to do a Management degree.Having acted as Managing Director on a Young Enterprise Team whilst doing my ‘AS' levels, I came up with innovative ideas that made a very successful company.Having held management positions within Human Resources, Operations, and Finance, I quickly realised that pursuing a management degree at university would be ideal for me.After my GCSE's, I held a temporary job as a junior in an Insolvency practice, in order to gain work experience.Having to work to tight deadlines taught me how to work independently as part of a professional team.I learnt that in business, if one person lacks productivity, then everyone else can suffer, and also how to motivate others as a means of preventing such issues.I used the skills learnt to enhance my role as the Managing Director of my young Enterprise company, particularly methods of motivation and delegation, and the significance of being accountable for others.Having spent nearly three years working part time in a Health food shop alongside my studies, I developed my communication skills, with both colleagues and customers, and proved to be a trustworthy employee.Being appointed as Deputy Head Boy in the sixth form was a great honour to me.My skills were greatly enhanced by holding this position, as I would often have to listen, and respond to issues brought up by fellow prefects, and students lower down theschool.Through activities such as Lunch duty, I learnt the worth of different leadership skills, and that it is important to treat everyone as an individual in order to get results.I was always keen to stay into the evening to help out at school events.Socialising is very important to me, and I am always keen to meet new people.I enjoy trying new foods to increase my knowledge of different cultures, and my culinary skills will prove very useful in independent university life.I enjoy travelling, and learning about modern history.Having recently returned from Prague, I visited a concentration camp.This was a moving experience for me, and something I will never forget.Music is one of my biggest hobbies, and I use music to help me unwind and reflect on things.I use the internet to keep up with current affairs and sports news.I have always been a keen sportsman, representing my school in many sporting activities.I enjoy running, particularly competing in sprint races, but also long distance running as a means of keeping fit.I always try to go for a run every evening, during breaks between my A Level studies.I represented my school as a keen member of the district and Maccabi Great Britain athletics teams, particularly in the relay.I formally played tennis and table tennis in national competitions, and more recently I have played in football, rugby, and cricket leagues outside of school.I believe that my experiences have prepared me for independent university life.My social skills together with my ambition to succeed in life prove me to be good candidate for a Management Degree.第二篇：留学美国个人陈述个人陈述：重点（每一个段落都要有一个主题，第一句话是主题，下面以此来展开，支持第一句。
怎样写Statement
怎样写Statement(1)读书计划读书计划的内容应包含下列三项资料：（一）申请者的学术或专业兴趣及背景（二）欲研究的方向（三）未来的职业目标写作时，依以上三点将文章分为三段。
不要像列清单，也不要重覆申请表格已有的资料。
注意事项：（一）详读学校的写作说明并了解问题的重点，不赘言，不遗漏，且在要求的字数内完成。
例如学校要求五百字内完成(In 500 words or lessdiscuss ...)，则全文最好不要超过五百字。
如果学校要求以问答方式来叙述(Responses to essay questions.....，Please limit your response to on page.)，即依其要求回答不长过一页。
（二）写作时应清楚明确。
例如：1. "I am interested in English literature" 这句话表达不够清楚，而I was concentrated on Milton and Shakespeare in college" 就明白的说出了申请人的志趣及专研］范围。
2．"I received extensive training in physics" 这句话不够详细，"My training was in the area of particle physics"就具体多了。
3. "I was very active as a student representative" 最好说明曾经做什麽:主办演讲、沟通学生与校方之意见等。
4．"I am attracted to your department by its brilliant faculty--"应说明对於教授的认知是从何而来，如在何处读到某教授之文章而愿受教于他，或某位教授正在从事一项重要研究，与自己欲攻读的研究领域相同等。
乔布斯英文介绍!!超经典!!
乔布斯英文介绍!!超经典!!第一篇：乔布斯英文介绍!!超经典!!There is a great person,who transformed our lives,redefined entire industries and achieved one of the rarest feasts in human history.He spent his life packaging that magic into elegantly designed, easy to use products.He even changed the way each of us sees the world.He is Steve Jobs.Everyone maybe is familiar with him,especially with his products--iphone.itouch.ipad.Steve Jobswas an American businessman, designer and inventor.He is best known as the co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc.Through Apple, he was widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields.As Apple floundered, Jobs took control of the company and was named “interim CEO” in 1997, or as he jokingly referred to it, “iCEO”.Under his leadership, Apple was saved from near bankruptcy, and became profitable by 1998.Over the next decade, Jobs oversaw the development of the iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone, and iPad and on the services side, the company's Apple Retail Stores, iTunes Store and the App Store.The success of these products and services, providing several years of stable financial returns, propelled Apple to become the world's most valuable publicly traded company in 2011.The reinvigoration of the company is regarded by some commentators as one of the greatest business turnaround stories.If I were a reporter,I will ask Jobs :In his eyes,what is the most important for a entrepreneur.Because I really admire his achievement and another question is that faced with serious canser ,what did he think about?For most of people ,cancer Is aacute attack to one’s mental and heart ,but Jobs lead Apple to the climax.The reason that I want to introduce Steve Jobs is not only because the enormous acomplish,but also because his great personality.The Economisist says:” NOBODY else in the computer industry could put on a show like Steve Jobs.His product launches, at which he would stand alone on a black stage and conjure up a “magical” or “incredible” new electronic gadget in front of an awed crowd, were the performances of a master showman.All computers do is to do something about c auculation, but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”, he once explained.He spent his life packaging that magic into elegantly designed, easy to useproducts.”In retrospect, Mr Jobs was a man ahead of his time during his first stint at Ap puting’s early years were dominated by technical types.But his emphasis on design and ease of use gave him the edge later on.Elegance, simplicity and an understanding of other fields came to matter in a world in which computers are fashion items, carried by everyone, that can do almost anything.“Technology alone is not enough,” said Mr Jobs at the end of his speech introducing the iPad, in January 2010.“It’s technology married with liberal arts, married with humanities, that yields the results that m ake our hearts sing.” It was an unusual statement for the head of a technology firm, but it was vintage Steve Jobs.He attributed his success to an obsessive attention to detail , his pursuit of perfection and his flair for innovation.He said-“I want to mak e icons do look lick with his tongue”;To be able to sleep at night, to the aesthetic and quality throughout the pursuit of excellence“"Do not let the noise of others opinions drown your inner voice, heart andintuition to have the courage to listen to the call.”-He is Apple's “The Godfather” Jobs.“A pirate, a paranoid, a perfect combination of art and technology of IT leaders, a person who changed the world.” He said in his youth that he wanted to “put a ding in the universe” did just that.到目前为止，世界上还没有哪个计算机行业或者其他任何行业的领袖能够像乔布斯那样举办出一场万众瞩目的盛会。
Chairman's report.doc
Chairman's Report In the changeable and enthusiastic times, in the serious competition of market economy, we believe firmly all along that development is the basic right Keep Powerful", inherit the very long, simple and sicere inner secret of culture, depend on the scientific development strategy and timely bring-forth-new-ideas manage rules, gather the intelligence and perspiration of all the Dongyue Pepople and the support of the whole society, create human-exclaimed development wonder, Recall the road we passed, we are not sorry to the times. When the sun is rise again and we go forward to the 21st century, the knowledge economic times, we should speed up the progress of advance, pick up the burden bravely to develop the national industry that history endowed us, raise the flag of "technique is the first productivity" highly, depend on the "Technique Management Talent Culture" four occult power, create the more stentorian Dongyue brand. View the futrue, we are full of confidence. Chairman of the Board: Zhang Jianhong 美文欣赏 1、 走过春的田野，趟过夏的激流，来到秋天就是安静祥和的世界。
Chairman's Statement
Ho Tsu Kwok, Charles Chairman Hong Kong, 16 April 2007
SING TAO NEWS CORPORATION LIMITED
Annual Report 2006
5
Chairman’s Statement
I am pleased to report that the Group enjoyed a solid year in 2006, with the core media operations delivering strong results. On a macroeconomic level, this financial year was characterized by continuing robust economic growth, a thriving labour market, rising consumer and investor confidence, and vibrant stock market activity. These positive conditions contributed to a 7% growth in advertising spending in Hong Kong during the year. The Group as a whole benefited from the dynamic advertising market in 2006. In particular, our free newspaper, Headline Daily, gained momentum amidst the encouraging industry environment. Headline Daily has been established as the number 1 free newspaper in Hong Kong in terms of circulation, distribution network and content coverage. Surveys have shown that free newspapers in Hong Kong claimed a 12% share of the newspaper advertising market in 2006, doubling their share in the previous year, and the trend is continuing upwards. With its leadership position in the free newspaper market, Headline Daily is well poised to capture the benefits from this trend and to become the growth engine for the Group. Whilst the general advertising market held up well, propertyrelated advertisements shrank by 13% during 2006, as a result of the property market consolidation earlier in the year upon successive interest rate rises. Property transactions in the residential market also declined by 20% in volume in 2006 as compared with the previous year. Although this affected advertising revenue of Sing Tao Daily, the impact was more than offset by growth in other advertising categories and especially in mass market consumption-related advertisements, which were the targeted clientele of Headline Daily. The Group’s newspaper products complemented each other and demonstrated that our strategy of diversifying into the free newspaper market has been successful. The diversification strategy also bore results at Sing Tao Daily. By persistently strengthening its content in finance, education and lifestyle, Sing Tao Daily gained advertising market share in these categories and reduced its reliance on property advertisements, whilst reinforcing its market position in the quality, middle class segment. At the same time, the Group’s Magazine operations, faced with intense market competition, placed its strategic focus on quality improvement. East Week undertook a series of editorial enhancements, culminating in a revamped brand design in early 2007, in order to highlight its
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Chairman’s statement BackgroundApple is founded in California in 1977.This company produce Macintosh (“Mac”) computers, iPhone, iPad, iPod, Apple TV, Xserve, the Mac OS X and iOS operating systems. Furthermore,the company though its retail store and online store to sell some compatible products which include application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and peripherals.The company's products are mainly sold to the customers,small and medium-sized business, enterprises, education and government.Business strategyWe are committed to improve the company's products and development of new products through the customer experience and continue to invest in research. In addition,strengthen iTunes Store can give more convenient for customers to download applications and books based on third-party software.So,we through to offer superior and well-integrated digital lifestyle to reach more customers.Customers,small and medium-sized businessWe belive that high-quality buying experience can attract more customers to buy our products.We though our retail store and online store to sells products,so knowledgeable salespersons can retain more customers.As well,we provide training to our staffs to make sure they can provide products advice and solve the problems for customers.Furthermore,we shop in high-traffic street ,these stores have been carefully decorated which give customers a better experience.As of September 25, 2010,We opened 317 retail stores, including 233 stores in the United States and 84 international stores.EducationThrough unremitting efforts, we have designed a range of products to help teachers and students to meet most of the needs of education customers. Allow students and teachers through our products to access to information by line , especially the sharing and distribution of resources. Such as personal laptop and iPad, effectively improve the learning efficiency of the customers.Enterprises and governmentWe also sell hardware and software products to the enterprise and government. Because they need high-power computers and extended functionality, in order to content the market demand, we design a scalable line of high-end hardware solutions and product compatibility.Business OrganizationOur operating segments, including Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific and Retail.Americas segment includes North and South America. Europe segment includes European countries, as well as the Middle East and Africa. The Asia-Pacific segment includes Australia and Asia, excluding Japan.In each operating segment, we are providing the hardware and software products and services.Products and ServicesOur company's products include Mac Hardware Products, iTunes, iPhone, iPad, iPod, Software Products and Computer Technologies.Mac Hardware ProductsWe offer two personal computers, including desktop and laptop. Desktop computers, including iMac , Mac Pro and Mac mini. iMac desktop computer is an all-in-one design which include a display, processor, graphics card, hard drive, optical drive, memory and other components.It meet the needs of the many business and professional customers.And the Mac mini is a desktop computer in a compact ptop computers include MacBook , MacBook Pro and MacBook Air.Most education user and customers chooses MacBook.MacBook Pro is professionals’ favorite computer. And MacBook Air is a high performance, ultra-slim notebook computer.iTunesiTunes is mainly used for playback, download audio and video files.Customers through the iTunes Store search download music, video, books, movies, games and other applications. Moreover, there have 23 countries provide iTunes Stores service.iPhoneiPhone is a mobile phone which is the most popular in the world.It has touch widescreen,can automatically synchronize a user's iTunes library, as well as contacts, bookmarks and content of the e-mail account. The customers can use iPhone to access the iTunes Store to download audio and video , as well as a variety of other digital content and applications.This is very convenient to iPhone user.In June 2010,customers can use FaceTime video calling from iPhone 4.This is a major breakthrough, can attract more customers.iPadiPad, a multi-purpose mobile device which include browsing the web, reading and sending email, viewing photos, watching videos, listening to music, playing games and reading e-books.It also can though iTunes Stores to download music ,video and everything you like.iPodiPod include iPod touch, iPod nano , iPod shuffle and iPod classic.iPod is similar to a mini version of the iPad .These two produces’function are almost the same.In addition,iPod nano , iPod shuffle and iPod classic are all portable digital music and video player.Customers also can though iTunes Stores to download music and video. Software Products and Computer TechnologiesWe developed Company’s proprietary Mac OS X and iOS operating system software. OS X is a dedicated system of Apple Computer.Lets users quickly browse and share files of other Mac.Most people love it.iOS is the basic operating system of the iPhone, iPad and iPod touch.This system is easy to operate, can make it easier for users to access multiple applications, it belonging to one of Apple's core technology. ServiceWe provide product manuals and online product information, technical assistance, and the AppleCare Protection meter ("APP") assistance. It includes two to three years of hardware maintenance and user diagnostic tools.Markets and LogisticsOur main customers are consumers, small and medium-sized enterprises, education, enterprise, government and creative markets. We have direct and indirect distribution channels.Direct including retail stores, online stores and direct sales. Indirectincluding third-party mobile network operators and value-added resellers. I think that the direct contact with the target customers can prove the advantages of their products, and Provide a customer satisfaction sales services and after-sales service is the key point to attract and retain customers. So, we decided to expand the number of its own retail stores worldwide. In addition, the company has investment plans focus on the Apple platform to provide a high level of integration and support services. Research and DevelopmentBecause of our company’s industries competes which are characterized by rapid technological advances, in order to ensure that the company's products have a stable market share, we will continue to improve existing products and develop new products and technologies to expand the range of products.In 2008, 2009, 2010, respectively, to invest $ 110 million to $ 130 million and $ 180 million for research and development of products.At the endAs I look back on our accomplishments over the past year,we get a lot of achievements, of course, there are some regrets.However, in the new year, we will work harder and harder, the Apple team are all toward the same goal.We will strive improve our products, let Apple products went around the world.I'm pleased that you listen carefully to my speech.We will strive to create a better future.Reflective WritingDescriptionI was asked to writing a chairman’s statement of Apple company.At first,I spend one day to read a annual report of Apple.It let me know some important point of this report and what I need write for this statement.After that,I read our teacher’s PPT which teach us how to write a chairman’s statement. L et me know I need pay more attention to which part.When i finish these work,I prepare to begin writing my statement.I am watching the annual report while summarize, then write down the central idea of annual report to my statement.Finally control again the Annual Report, to find whether have the omission of important information.FeelingsWhen I know I need to write a chairman’s statement,I think it is a huge and strict work.But when I begin to write it that I find it don’t so difficult in my mind.As hard as I do and do it in accordance with the requirements of the teacher , this report is not so vast.So I am very pleased and proud to me when I finish this statement by myself.After I finish it,my panter and me talk about our different view to this statement.Let me know more about how to write it and complete it well. EvaluationIn my mind,compare to writing a statement,I prefer to read a statement.Because I like reading more than writing.But from writing this statement,I learn how to write a chairman’s statement,I need to improve my writing skill,of course,know more about Apple company.The most important thing is I know how to summary of focus.It’s very useful to write a statement.We all know a annual report including so many information.But a chairman’s statement need use less words to tell audience what the annual report talk about.So this statement need easier and clearly while do not miss any important thing.Therefore,how to sum up is very useful to write a chairman’s statement.AnalysisI need to do a lot of preparatory work before writing the chairman’s statement.At the first,I need read the annual report carefully.And then sum up the key point of this report.After that ,a step-by-step to complete the statement.I need write the statement while control the main point which I summarize from the report.After finish the draft,I need to check the errors of style, spelling, grammar and punctuation.At the end,I can say I complete it.If I have a chance to write another chairman’s statement, I will be fully prepared.And I will pay more attention to read the annual report and discuss with my panter how to write it well.ConclusionThrough to write this chairman’s statement,I learn how to summarize the key point.At the same time,I have to improve my writing and reading skill.It’s very important to me to improve my English level.But from complete this work,I also find my vocabulary is too little and I need pay more attention to my gammer issues in my writing.I belive that I can write better and better in the future.。