常见不用被动态形式的短语动词
被动语态
The middle house won't let． 租不出去 The middle house will not be let． 不会出租
His plays won't act．
不适宜上演
His plays will not be acted．
不会上演
以上说明告诉我们，上述结构不仅与不 及物动词有关，而且与主语有关，不及 物动词的主语通常指物，并且兼起动作 执行者的作用，这种"主动"结构与其相 对应的"被动"结构不代表同一个意思。
被动语态
一．英语语态概述 二. 被动语态的构成
三．英语被动语态的用法 四. 使用被动语态应注意的几个 问题
语态(voice) ：语态是动词的一种形式。 它表明句子主语和谓语的关系。主语是 动作的执行者时，用主动语态；主语是 动作的承受者时，用被动语态。"jP
英语中及物动词有两种语态，即主动语 态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动 作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的 承受者。主动态和被动态指的是动词形 式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则 指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所 谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓 语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态 动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。
英语被动语态通常在如下情况下使用： 1. 强调动作承受者。这种被动语态常带 有施动者。 The flowers are all gone. They were destroyed by the rain. 2. 施动者未知而难以言明。 The murderer was caught yesterday, and it is said that he will be condemned. 3. 不强调施动者。 About 50 million books are published in Beijing annually. 8
无被动语态的动词及短语
无被动语态的动词及短语Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】无被动语态的动词及短语1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 3) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等It sounds good.4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.(错) To swim is liked by her.。
语法2情态动词及动词的时态语态
16) Jack _______ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. (97 上海卷) A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived 答案 C 17) “ Could I call you by your first name?” “ Yes, you _______.” A. will 答案 C B. could （98 上海卷） C. may D. might
4) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _______ get out. (NMET97) A. had to 答案 B. would C. could D. was able to
D 5) “When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.” “They _______ be ready by 12:00.” (NMET 98) A. can 答案 B B. should C. might D. need
18) There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ______ come, but why didn’t you? （99 上海卷） A. must have C. need have 答案 D B. should D. ought to have
4、现在进行时： 1）、 have, be, hear, see, like, remember, find 及 sound等一般不用进行时。 2）、 go, come, start, leave及arrive可用进行时表 示将来。 3）、be always doing表示正在干…，常有责备或表扬 之意。 4）、be asking for trouble习惯都用进行时。
动词短语与短语动词区别
短语动词与动词短语区别区别：英语中短语动词与动词短语是不相同的两个概念。
短语动词是英语习语的一个重要类别，而动词短语是一种自由词组。
从词汇学的角度看，它们分属于两个不同的范畴：词类和短语。
从结构看短语动词是由动词加上小品词生成的，而动词短语则是由转换生成语法学派提出的动词加上其他词类构成的短语结构。
短语动词(Phrasal verb)又称“动词词组”，它们是由一个动词和其它词类在一起构成的固定搭配，即由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组，其作用和动词差不多。
有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
因此我们可以把它们看作一个整体，像一般实义动词一样使用。
不同于介词短语，介词和其他代词或名词搭配形成介词短语。
英语中一些常用动词常可以与某些介词、副词或其他词构成意义不同的习语（idioms）。
这些组合一般只作为一个整体使用，因此被称为短语动词。
本章分四小节：1）Verb + Preposition；2）Verb + Adverb；3）Verb + Noun/Pronoun + Preposition ；4）Verb + Adverb + Preposition动词+介词1 动词+介词（Verb + preposition）这类短语动词的宾语不论是名词还是人称代词，都要放在短语动词的后面。
"不及物动词+介词"具有原来的字面含义a），或一种或者多种引申的意义b）。
a）系列中动词作其伴生词面意义，与介词有固定关系，属于介词动词，而b）系列中，动词和介词在一起构成一个习惯性的，常常是比喻性的语义单位，属于短语动词，b）系列中的动词一般都允许有相应的被动态。
例如：动词+副词2 动词+副词（Verb + adverb）这类短语动词，有的相当于一个及物动词。
--Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers only. 必须注意，本组短语动词一般都可以构成被动语态。
英语中的主动句被动句
主动句和被动句大多数“主－动－宾”结构的主动句都可以转换为被动句。
规则如下：（1）将原来的宾语变为主语，并将原来的主动态动词词组变为被动态动词词组。
例如：This factory produces machine tools.→Machine tools are produced in this factory.The found a wallet in the car.→A wallet was found in the car.They are repairing the bridge.→The bridge is being repaired.They have repaired the bridge.→The bridge has been repaired.They often make fun of her.→She is often made fun of.He took great care of his books.→His books were taken great care of.→Great care was taken of his books.（2）如果原句带有情态动词或半助动词，在变为被动句时，助动词不变，随后的主动词变为被动态。
例如：They should do this right now.→This should be done right now.They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.→The applicants may be being interviewed at the moment.They must have finished their work.→Their work must have been finishedHe is likely to let you down.→You are likely to be let down.（3）当主动句变被动句，如果要强调施动者，可将原句主语置于by-词组中表达出来。
英语中用主动语态表被动含义的词有哪些
不能用于被动语态的情况1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have,fit，suit，hold（容纳）, cost, suffer, last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。
如：They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。
My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。
My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。
How much／What does it cost？这值多少钱？Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。
This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。
2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。
若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。
试比较：They arrived at a decision．A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。
They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。
（不说：The station was arrived at．）He looked into the question．The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。
3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。
如：The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。
4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well，easily等）时。
主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write，wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。
用法02 无被动语态的情况(解析版)---备战高考英语二轮复习之英语语态“知识条目”高效练
备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之英语语态“知识条目”高效练结构2 无被动语态的情况【要点回顾】1、一般以为凡及物动词都有相应的被动句，其实不然，当“主动宾”结构的谓语动词是表示状态或特征的及物动词，如contain,cost,fit,have,lack,resemble,suit等，主动句便没有相应的被动句：Linda resembles her mother.琳达象她母亲。
This red coat becomes her.这件红上衣合她的身。
The auditorium holds 2000 people.大礼堂能容纳两千人。
My shoes don't fit me.我的鞋不合脚。
Jack always lacks confidence.杰克总是缺乏信心。
但是，状态动词know有相应的被动态：Experts have been known to make this mistake.大家知道，专家也会犯这种错误。
有时，有些不能用于被动语态的状态动词，在同一意义上，如果不用by－词组，可以有被动句。
如：All my things are held in this box.这只箱子里装着我所有的东西。
2、某些被动句没有相应的主动句。
例如：She was born in Nanjing.她生于南京。
He was said to be an honest man.据说他是个老实人。
They will be married next month.他们将于下月结婚。
Mary said that she was not obliged to work overtime.玛丽说她并不是非加班不可。
3、当“主动宾”结构的宾语为反身代词或相互代词时，通常不能转换为被动句。
例如：The doctor dedicated herself to finding a cure.这位医生为寻求一种治疗方法奉献了她的一生。
“动词 + 名词 + 介词”构成的短语动词的被动态
“动词+ 名词+ 介词”构成的短语动词的被动态英语中的短语动词种类繁多，数量巨大，使用频繁。
其中有一种是由“动词+名词+介词（+宾语）”构成的。
由这类短语动词充当谓语的主动句在转换为被动句时呈现复杂的情况：1）既可以把动词宾语又可以把介词宾语转化为被动句的主语；2）只可以把动词宾语转化为被动句的主语；3）只可以把介词宾语转化为被动句的主语；4）不能用于被动态。
所以英语学习者对此感到难以把握，很有探讨一下的必要。
请先看高考英语“单项填空”部分中的一些试题及其相应的主动句：（1）Good care must ______ babies particularly while they are ill. (1992 年高考上海卷)A. takeB. take ofC. be takenD. be taken of→We must take good care of babies particularly while they are ill.（2）More attention should be paid ______ our education if possible. (1995 年高考上海卷) A. to developing B. to development C. to develop D. for developing→We should pay more attention to developing our education if possible.（3）I promise that the matter will _______. (1987 年高考全国卷)A. be taken careB. be taken care ofC. take careD. take care of→I promise that I will take care of the matter.一、既可以把动词宾语又可以把介词宾语转化为被动句主语的情况这类短语动词主要是由make, pay, put, take等少数几个动词组成的。
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常见不用被动态形式的短语动词
1. agree with 相符, 适合
Our action must agree with our words. 我们必须言行一致.
Rich food doesn’t agree with me. 他不易吃油腻的食物.
2. belong to 属于
The future belongs to the younger generation. 未来属于年轻人.
As a writer, he really belongs to the 18th century.
3. break out 爆发,突然开始
The Iraqi War broke out in March 2003. 伊拉克战争爆发于2003年2月.
A quarrel broke out between them.
4. come about 发生, 产生, 实现
It came about in this way. 他是这样发生的.
How much has come about from the consultation?
5. come across 偶然遇到, 留下印象
I came across him first in Beijing. 我是在北京第一次遇见他的.
6. come into being 形成, 产生
About 200 companies come into being every year. 每年大约有200家公司成立. New ways of thinking have come into being. 新的思想方法形成了.
7. come out 出版, 出来
The book will come out in September. 该书将于9月份出版.
My tooth has just come out. 我的牙齿刚长出来.
8. come true 实现
His dream has come true. 他的愿望实现了.
9. come up 被提出, 发芽
The question came up at the meeting. 会议上提到了那个问题.
The seeds haven’t come up yet. 种子还没有发芽.
10. consist of 由…组成
Man consists of soul and body. 人由灵魂和肉体组成.
11. date from 始于
The idea of floating continents dates from 1910. 大陆漂游学说始于1910年. This custom dates from the 16th century. 该风俗始于16世纪.
12. do with 忍受
We can’t do with such carelessness.我们不能忍受这种粗枝大叶的作风.
13. give out 用完, 耗尽
He plans to stay there until his money gives out. 他计划在那里呆到钱花完为止.
14. go against 不利, 相反
The situation is going against them. 情势越来越对他们不利.
Events went against them.情况发展与他们的意愿相反.
15. go down 被接受, 被记录在案
The idea went down badly. 这个想法不受欢迎.
That remark will go down in history. 那番评论将载入史册.
16. go down 发生, 消失
That sort of thing goes on all the time. 那类事一直都在发生.
I got more depressed, as time goes on. 我的郁闷情绪与日俱增.
17. go out 熄灭, 被淘汰
The lights flickered, then went out. 灯光闪烁不定, 然后就熄灭了.
That team went out in the third round. 那个队在第三轮比赛中被淘汰了.
18. go up 被烧毁, 拔地而起
The tall building went up in fames. 大楼在熊熊烈火中烧毁了.
How many houses have gone up this year? 今年新建了多少住房?
19. happen to 发生在…
What has happened to your left eye? 你的左眼怎么了?
20. keep after 跟踪追击, 责备
Why do you keep after me the whole time? 你为何老责备我?
We decided to keep after the thief. 我们决定跟踪追击盗贼.
21. live on 继续存在
These traditions will live on for centuries. 这些传统将世代相传.
22. occur to 发生, 想到, 想起
I hope no accident has occurred to him. 我希望他没出什么事.
23. point to/ at 暗示
Everything points to a bright future for us all. 种种迹象表明我们有光明的前途.
24. run out 用完, 耗尽
His money soon ran out. 他的钱快花光了.
25. stick to 坚持做, 忠于; 贴在…上
Her translation sticks closely to the original. 她的翻译非常忠实于原文.
26. take place 发生,举行
When did this conversation take place? 这次会谈是何时举行的?
27. throw out 产生(人才), 提出(主意)
Our country has thrown up a number of great writers. 我们国家出了许多大作家.
28. turn out 结果是, 证明是
Everything turned out satisfactory. 结果一切令人满意.
29. turn up 到达, 出现
He didn’t turn up until half an hour later. 半小时后他才出现.
30. work out 产生结果, (情况)发展
Everything has worked out according to plan. 一切都按计划发展.。