Remarks on free field realization of SL(2,R)U(1) x U(1) WZNW model
People_—_Foundation_of_a_State_Only_when_the_found
71March 2024THE concept that "the people are the foundation of a state" is the best expression of the people-centered philoso-phy of ancient China. Past Chinese sages and philosophers reached this conclusion in their study of state governance amid the rise and fall of dynasties over thousands of years. Based on the belief that the people'sBy LI CUIPeople — Foundation of a StateOnly when the foundation is strong will the state be safe and stable.support of state power is vital for its success, this precept has inspired policies and practices aimed at nur-turing, benefiting and enriching the people throughout Chinese history.A Core Tenet of State Governance"The people are the foundation of a state" is a line from Shangshu , or the Book of Documents . It appeared in the section talking about Taikang, the third ruler of the Xia Dynasty (C.2100-1600 BC) who was known for his penchant for extravagance and negligence of duty. Once Taikang put state affairs aside and went on a hunting trip along the Luoshui Riv-er (a tributary of the Yellow River) that lasted for more than 100 days, causing strong discontent among his people. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Hou Yi, a clan leader, occupied a strategic position on the Yellow River, blocking the emperor’s way back to the capital on the other side of the river. Desperate and exasperated, Taikang's mother and five brothers drove a carriage to the place where the Luoshui River flowed into the Yellow River to wait for his return. There the five broth-ers recited the exhortation of Yu the Great, founding father of Xia, in the hope that it would arouse Taikang to his senses. The message they con-veyed was: A ruler must maintain aFarmers are harvesting wood ear mushrooms in Zhulinping Village of Xintian Coun-ty, Yongzhou City in Hunan Province on January 11, 2024.close relationship with his people, and must not take them lightly, as the people are the foundation of the state; only when the foundation is strong will the state be safe and stable.The fall of Xia and Shang helped the rulers of the succeeding West-ern Zhou Dynasty (C 1100-771 BC) realize the important role the people play in the ruling of a state. As a result, they put forward the idea of valuing virtues and protecting the people in the same way parents take care of newborn babies. The Duke of Zhou even proposed that rulers should take public sentiment as a measure of their performance. This clearly demonstrates that the philosophy of a people-centered governance had emerged by this time.During the Spring and AutumnPeriod (770-476 BC), this thinkingwas further enriched. Confuciuspreached that when the people arebetter-off, their rulers are better-off. Laozi said that a virtuous mantakes the will of the people as hisown will. Mencius went a step fur-ther and said, “The people are themost important element in a state;next are the gods of land and grain;least is the ruler himself.” Xunzialso compared the relationshipbetween the ruler and his subjectto that of a boat and water: "Theruler is the boat; the people are thewater. Water carries the boat, butcan also sink it.” These remarks allunderscore the importance of thewill and power of the people.Drawing on lessons of previousperiods, the wise rulers and officialsin Chinese history realized the closeconnection between people's liveli-hood and the fate of their country.They hence applied the conceptthat "the people are the foundationof a state" into their policies, creat-ing such measures that encouragedagriculture and animal husbandry,reduced corvée and taxes, grantedland to farmers, built water conser-vancy projects, and provided relieffor disaster victims.The people-centered philosophyalso influenced the perception of re-lationship between officials and thepublic. For instance, Liu Zongyuan(773-819) of the Tang Dynasty heldthe view that officials are servantsof the residents residing in theirprecincts. Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692)of the late Ming and early Qing dy-nasties argued that the governmentshould be strict with its officials butlenient with the people.In addition, under this philoso-phy ancient regimes incorporatedmoral education into their efforts toimprove people’s wellbeing. Duringthe Han Dynasty (206 BC- AD 220),primary-level officials were appoint-ed to promote feudal ethics. By theNorthern Song Dynasty (960-1127)a term “xunli” was coined to refer toofficials who were honest and con-cerned about the people’s wellbeing.These officials focused more of theirefforts on conducting moral educa-tion than imposing punishment,and effectively maintained socialstability by spreading Confuciusteachings such as the ideas of loveand benevolence.At the same time, it must benoted that despite such people-focused thinking and policies, aver-CULTURE / ANCIENT CHINESE VISTASAn aerial viewof Yuduo Townof QianxiCity, GuizhouProvince, onJanuary 14,2024.72CHINA TODAYage people in ancient China still remained in a subordinate position to the monarch of the day. In no monarchy had the people-centered philosophy brought them the rights as principal players in state politics. The monarchs made the decision whether to implement this phi-losophy, and to what extent, and it served their interests first and last. As a result, this philosophy never became a reality in those days. Foundation of Modern Democratic TheoriesThe concept of the people as the basis of a state was greatly expand-ed during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Many thinkers at-tempted to implement it into real-ity through redesigning the political system. Huang Zongxi (1610-1695), for example, put forward the idea that the people are the host and the ruler is the guest, pointing out that the people should play the princi-pal role in managing state affairs while the emperor is supposed to serve their interests. Yan Fu (1854-1921) and Tan Sitong (1865-1898) also redefined the relationship between the ruler and the people, saying that the ruler is selected by the people to manage public affairs, and therefore can be removed from power if he fails the people. All these propositions focus on checks and balances for the powers of the monarch, with the goal of making him rule for the people instead of ruling over the people.After the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911, people's livelihood, democracy and civil rights gradually became the rallying call of China's political movements. Liang Qichao (1873-1929), for instance, interpreted theword “guomin” (meaning nationalcitizens in Chinese, with guo forcountry and min for people) in thisway, “A country is the public prop-erty owned by all its people.” Dr.Sun Yat-sen believed that the goalof democracy is to let the peopleshare state power. The ProvisionalConstitution of the Republic of Chi-na, issued in 1912, made it clear inChapter I General Provisions, “TheRepublic of China is composed ofthe Chinese people. The sovereigntyof the Chinese Republic is vestedin the people.” These developmentsindicate that the traditional people-centered philosophy began to beincorporated into national institu-tions and took on democratic ele-ments. Although at this time aver-age people were still excluded fromthe operations of their state, thischange was significant, as it pavedthe way for the ideal’s realization inChina in later times.A Valuable Asset ofChinese PoliticalCivilizationThe Communist Party of China(CPC) embraces the theory of his-torical materialism that “it is thepeople who make history.” It hasinfused new vitality into the tradi-tional people-centered philosophyand given it new meaning. Its Con-stitution declares, “The CommunistParty of China has remained true toits original aspiration and foundingmission of seeking happiness forthe Chinese people and rejuvena-tion for the Chinese nation.” Andthe Party has made wholeheartedlyserving the people its fundamentalpurpose as well as that of the Chi-nese government. Finally the age-old idea that people are the founda-tion of a state was adopted in thepolitical sphere.Since the 18th CPC NationalCongress in 2012, General SecretaryXi Jinping has reiterated on severaloccasions, “The CPC has its founda-tions in the people and maintains aclose bond with the people.” He hasalso made a series of expositionsand decisions on people-centereddevelopment. In this spirit, Chinahas introduced a raft of measures toimprove people’s livelihood, cover-ing such aspects as income distribu-tion, social security, education, andmedical care. China has eliminatedabsolute poverty, built a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects,and is striving to realize commonprosperity for all. The concept that"the people are the foundation of astate" is still relevant today, and hasprovided rich cultural nourishmentfor the Chinese modernizationdrive.The people are the foundation ofa country and only when the peo-ple lead a good life can the countrythrive. As a key idea of politicalphilosophy and a core tenet of stategovernance in ancient China, thisconcept also laid the foundationof China’s democratic theories inmodern times. After the foundingof the People’s Republic of China, ithas become a valuable asset of Chi-na’s political civilization, and hasbeen creatively transformed anddeveloped in the new era of social-ism with Chinese characteristics.It has provided strong support forthe continuous development of theChinese nation. CLI CUI is a research fellow at China Confu-cius Research Institute.foundationThe peopleare the foun-dation of acountry andonly whenthe peoplelead a goodlife can thecountrythrive.73March 2024。
考虑的英语短语
考虑的英语短语consider 普通用词，指某人在具体事情做出决定前仔细进行思考（to spend time thinkingabout a possibility or making a decision）接动名词在宾语。
例句：We have to consider what to do in situations where there are many people involved.我们必须考虑在有很多人参与情况下怎么办。
I will consider your requests as soon as I get through my wok at hand.我一做完手边的事就会考虑你的请求。
Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job?你有没有考虑过，要是得不到这份工作你该怎么办？We are considering taking a tour to Europe, but we have not yet made anyspecific plan.我们正在考虑去欧洲一趟,但我们尚未做出任何具体的实施方案。
The declaration asked governments to consider introducing new environmental taxes.该宣言要求各国政府考虑引入新的环境税。
contemplate 花时间考虑未来可能采取的行动, 或认真而安静地考虑一件特定的事情。
（tospend time considering a possible future action, or to consider one particular thing for along time in a serious and quiet way）例句：The doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to perform.对这个棘手的手术医生反复推敲。
英语作文我马雷什比知识
英语作文我马雷什比知识In the vast expanse of human knowledge, there lies arealm that is as fascinating as it is enigmatic: the world of Maresh. This term, though not widely recognized, encapsulates a concept that has intrigued scholars, philosophers, and adventurers alike for centuries. The purpose of this essay is to delve into the intricacies of Maresh, exploring its origins, its significance, and the impact it has had on our understanding of the world.The Origins of MareshThe etymology of the term "Maresh" is shrouded in mystery. Some linguists suggest it is derived from an ancient language, possibly pre-Sumerian, indicating a place of profound wisdomor a hidden knowledge. Others argue that it is a modern concoction, a neologism created to describe a contemporary phenomenon. Regardless of its origin, the concept of Maresh has captured the imagination of those who seek to understand the depths of human potential and the universe's secrets.The Essence of MareshAt its core, Maresh represents the pursuit of knowledge that transcends the ordinary. It is the quest for understanding the unexplained, the mastery of the arcane, and the exploration of the esoteric. Maresh is not merely about accumulating facts; it is about the synthesis of knowledgeinto a profound wisdom that can guide humanity towards a greater destiny.The Significance of Maresh in HistoryThroughout history, figures who have been attributed with a deep understanding of Maresh have often been regarded as visionaries. From the alchemists of the Middle Ages, who sought to transmute base metals into gold and in the process uncovered the principles of modern chemistry, to the astronomers of the Renaissance, who charted the stars and expanded our understanding of the cosmos, these individuals have pushed the boundaries of what was known and possible.The Impact of Maresh on Modern SocietyIn contemporary society, the influence of Maresh can be seen in various fields. In technology, the relentless pursuit of innovation is driven by a Maresh-like desire to unlock new potentials and solve complex problems. In environmental science, the study of ecosystems and the search for sustainable practices are fueled by a similar quest for knowledge that can lead to a harmonious coexistence with our planet.The Role of Maresh in Personal DevelopmentOn an individual level, the concept of Maresh encourages a lifelong commitment to learning and self-improvement. It is the drive to never be satisfied with the status quo, to always question, to explore, and to grow. Embracing Maresh inone's personal journey can lead to a richer, more fulfilling life experience.The Challenges of MareshThe path of Maresh is not without its challenges. The pursuit of such profound knowledge often requires a level of dedication and sacrifice that many are not prepared to make. Moreover, the nature of Maresh itself can lead to isolation, as those who delve too deeply into its mysteries may find it difficult to communicate their insights to others.The Future of MareshAs we look to the future, the role of Maresh in shaping human knowledge and understanding will likely continue to evolve. With the advent of new technologies and the increasing interconnectedness of the global community, the potential for discovering and sharing knowledge on a scale previously unimaginable is within our grasp.ConclusionThe world of Maresh is a testament to the indomitable human spirit and its unceasing quest for knowledge. It is a reminder that the pursuit of wisdom is not just a journeyinto the unknown, but a voyage into the very essence of what it means to be human. As we continue to explore the depths of Maresh, we contribute to the collective understanding that has the power to transform not only ourselves but also the world around us.In conclusion, Maresh is more than a mere concept; it is a call to action, an invitation to embark on a journey of discovery that has the potential to unlock the greatest mysteries of our existence. It is a challenge to the curious, a beacon to the seekers, and a promise of a future where the limits of knowledge are continually expanded.。
同学欺负我,救命恩人作文
同学欺负我,救命恩人作文英文回答：The Bully and the Savior.In the labyrinthine hallways of adolescence, where social dynamics shift like tectonic plates, I found myself ensnared in a relentless cycle of torment. A classmate, fueled by an inexplicable animosity, subjected me to a barrage of verbal and psychological abuse. Each day, I dreaded stepping into the classroom, knowing that I would be met with spiteful remarks, mocking laughter, and a relentless campaign of isolation.The weight of this relentless persecution threatened to crush my spirit. I felt powerless, trapped in a spiral of self-doubt and shame. The once-familiar faces of my peers now seemed like masks of indifference or thinly veiled contempt. Fear permeated every aspect of my life, casting a long shadow over my thoughts and actions.Just when my hope dwindled to a flicker, a beacon of light appeared. It came in the unexpected form of a former classmate, someone I had barely spoken to before. Witnessing the torment I endured, she approached me with a quiet determination in her eyes. She listened patiently to my story, her empathy radiating like a warm embrace.In that moment, I realized that I was not alone. This kind-hearted soul, seemingly unfazed by the potential consequences, offered me her unwavering support. She refused to tolerate the injustice I faced and confronted the bully head-on. With a courageous voice, she exposed the perpetrator's cruelty, shattering the illusion of power they had cultivated.The bully, faced with the consequences of their actions and the realization of their own toxicity, retreated into the shadows. The relentless cycle of abuse was broken, and I was finally free to emerge from the suffocating darkness.中文回答：同学欺负我,救命恩人。
真言与美言的辩证关系英语作文
真言与美言的辩证关系英语作文The Dialectical Relationship between Truthful Speech and Pleasant Words.In the intricate tapestry of human communication, the threads of truthful speech and pleasant words play pivotal roles. While both have their unique value and significance, their interplay and dialectical relationship offer profound insights into the dynamics of effective communication. This essay delves into the nuances of this relationship, examining how truth and pleasantries can complement each other in fostering harmonious and meaningful exchanges.Truthful speech, at its core, is the unvarnished expression of facts, ideas, and opinions, free from embellishment or distortion. It is the backbone of any meaningful conversation, as it serves to inform, educate, and challenge the beliefs and perspectives of others. Truth speaking is essential in fostering trust and establishing reliable relationships, as it creates a foundation oftransparency and mutual understanding. In professional settings, it is crucial for maintaining ethical standards and ensuring the efficient flow of information. However, the rawness of truth can sometimes lead to conflict and discomfort, as it may clash with individuals' preconceptions or egocentric interests.On the other hand, pleasant words are the lubricants of conversation, smoothing over rough edges and fostering positive interactions. They are the subtle touches that make a conversation flow more smoothly, the complimentsthat brighten someone's mood, and the encouraging wordsthat boost someone's morale. Pleasant words are often employed in social settings to foster warmth and camaraderie, creating an atmosphere conducive to deeper connections. They are also powerful tools in conflict resolution, as they can diffuse tense situations and open doors to productive dialogue. However, the excessive use of pleasantries can sometimes lead to a dilution of truth and sincerity, resulting in a superficial and disconnected communication.The dialectical relationship between truthful speech and pleasant words lies in their complementary nature. While truth speaking provides the substantive foundation of a conversation, pleasant words add the necessary emotional layer that makes the exchange richer and more meaningful. A balance between the two is crucial for effective communication. Too much truth can be jarring and abrasive, while too much pleasantry can lead to a lack of substance and sincerity.In everyday interactions, we often find ourselves navigating this delicate balance. For instance, when offering feedback to a friend, it is essential to strike a balance between being honest about their shortcomings and expressing our thoughts in a way that does not hurt their feelings. Similarly, in professional settings, we must ensure that our communication is rooted in truth while maintaining a professional tone and respecting the sensitivities of our colleagues.The art of mastering this dialectical relationship lies in developing a keen understanding of when and how to usetruthful speech and pleasant words effectively. It requires empathy, understanding, and the ability to read the subtleties of a conversation. It is about finding the right balance between being direct and honest while also being sensitive and compassionate.In conclusion, the dialectical relationship between truthful speech and pleasant words is an intricate and multifaceted one. It is about finding the harmonious blend of honesty and pleasantries that foster meaningful, enriching, and harmonious conversations. It is about understanding that while truth is the backbone of communication, pleasantries are the glue that binds people together. It is about learning to speak the truth with love and compassion, and to offer pleasant words with sincerity and genuineness. Only then can we create truly meaningful and enriching exchanges that lead to deeper understanding and stronger relationships.。
翻译汇总-from董
一、用归化，异化法，或归化异化并用法翻译下列句子，并注明是用什么方法翻译。
1、Many Canadians have never read a newspaper though some newspaper are free,because they do not know the ABC.很多加拿大人从不看报纸，因为他们不识字。
2、At home and abroad there is a strong disenting view that sees the treaty as a new Munich.国内外有人强烈反对，认为这个条约是新的慕尼黑条约。
3、The goverment's policy has given a green light to the development of our economy.政府的政策给我们的经济开了绿灯。
4、All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day you'll come out on top.你只有破釜沉舟，跟他们一拚，或许有朝一日是会出头的。
5、（归化）Each of us has his carrot and stick. In my case, the stick is my slacking physical condition, which keeps me from beating opponents at tennis whom I overwhelmed two year ago, My carrot is to win.我们人人都有自己的压力和动力。
就我而言，这压力就是我日趋衰弱的身体状况，两年前还是我手下败将的网球对手，现在却打不过。
我的动力就是想赢球。
6、（归化）This was her punishment for having made a mistake. S he had made her bed and she must lie on it.这是她为自己所犯下的错而应有的惩罚，她自作自受。
美国文学期末考试-名词解释部分
Transcendentalism: transcendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. Transcendentalists spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism o f American society. It placed emphasis on spirit, or the Over soul, as the most important thing in the world. It stressed the importa nce of individual and offered a fresh perception nature ad symbolic of the spirit of God. Prominent transcendentalists included Ra lph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thorough.Black Humor: the use of morbid and the absurd for darkly comic purposes in modern fiction and drama. The term refers as muc h to the tone of anger and bitterness as it does to the grotesque and morbid situations, which often deal with suffering, anxiety, an d death. Black humor is a substantial element in the Anti-novel and the Theatre of Absurd. Joseph Heller's Catch-22 is an almost archetypal example.Irony: a contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens in drama and literature. There are types of irony: verbal irony, dramatic irony and irony of situation. Irony of situation typically takes the form of a discrepancy between appearance and reality, or between what a character expects and w hat actually happens. Both verbal and irony of situation share the suggestion of a concealed truth conflicting with surface appeara nces.IndividualismIt is a moral political and social philosophy which emphasizes individual liberty the primary importance of the individual and the unities of self-reliance.Stream of consciousness(意识流)(or interior monologue);In literary criticism, Stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. Stream of consciousness writing is strongly associated with the modernist movement. Its introduction in the literary context, transferred from psychology, is attributed to May Sinclair. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to fol low,tracing as they do a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings.famous writers to employ this technique in the english language include James Joyce and William Faulkner.Symbolism means using symbols in literary works the symbol means something represents or stands for abstract deep meaning American realism ：（美国现实主义）Realism was a reaction against Romanticism and paved the way to Modernism; 2).During this period a new generation of writers, dissatisfied with the Romantic ideas in the older generation, came up with a new inspiration. This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life. It aimed at the interpretation of the realities of any aspect of life, free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color. Instead of thinking about the mysteries of life and death and heroic individualism, people’s attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence, to what was brutal or sordid, and to the open portayal of class struggle;3) so writers began to describe the integrity of human characters reacting under various circumstances and picture the pioneers of the far west, the new immigrants and the struggles of the working class; 4) Mark Twain Howells and Henry James are three leading figures of the American Realism.American Naturalism: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. The naturalists attempt to achieve extreme objectiv ity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by environment and heredity. It emphasized that the world was amoral, the men and women had no free will, that lives were controlled by heredity and environ ment, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death. The pessimism and deterministic ideas naturalism per vaded the works of such American writers as Stephen Crane and Theodore Dreiser.American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans. The Puritans were originally members of a divisio n of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They accepted the doctrines of predestinatio n, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. American literature in the 17th century mostly consisted of Puritan literature. Puritanism had an enduring influence on American literature. It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.A J azz age(爵士时代):The Jazz Age describes the period of the 1920s and 1930s, the years between world war I and world war II. Particularly in north America. With the rise of the great depression, the values of this age saw much decline. Perhaps the most representativ e literary work of the age is American writer Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Highlighting what some describe as the decadence and hedonism, as well as the growth of individualism. Fitzgerald is largely credited with coining the term” Jazz Age”. Local Colorism(乡土文学)：Generally speaking, the writings of local colorists are concerned with the life of a small, weell-defined region or province. The characteristic setting is the isolated small town. 2) Local colorists were consciouslynostalgic historians of a vanishing way of life, recorders of a present that faded before their eyes. Yet for all their sentimentality, they dedicated themselves to minutely accurate descriptions of the life of their regions, they worked from personal experience to record the facts of a local environment and suggested that the native life was shaped by the curious conditions of the local. 3) major local colorists is Mark Twain.Imagism:is a poetic movement of England and the United States, flourished from 1909-1917. Its credo, expressed in Some Imag ist Poets, included the use of the language of common speech, project matter, the evocation of images in hard, clear poetry, and c oncentration.The Lost Generation is a group of expatriate American writers residing primarily in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s. The grou p was given its name by the American writer Gertrude Stein, who used “a lost generation” to refer to expatriate Americans bitt er about their World War I experiences and disillusioned with American society. Hemingway later used the phrase as an epigraph for his novel The Sun Also Rises. It consisted of many influential American writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzge rald, William Carlos Williams and Archibald MacLeish.Beat Generation: group of American writers of the 1950s whose writing expressed profound dissatisfaction with contemporary American society and endorsed an alternative set of values. The term sometimes is used to refer to those who embraced the ideas of these writers. The Beat Generation's best-known figures were writers Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac.Feminisim(女权主义): Feminisim incorporates both a doctrine of equal rights for women and an ideology of social transformation aiming to create a world for women beyond simple social equality.2>in general, feminism is ideology of women’s liberation based on the belief that women suffer injustice because of their sex. Under this broad umbrella various feminisms offer differing analyses of the causes, or agents, of female oppression.3> definitions of feminism by feminists tend to be shaped by their training, ideology or race. So, for example, Marxist and socialist feminists stress the interaction within feminism of class with gender and focus on social distinctions between men and women. Black feminists argue much more for an integrated analysis which can unlock the multiple systems of oppression.Free Verse: free verse is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined verse s tructure, instead, it uses the cadences of natural speech. While it alternates stressed and unstressed syllables as stricter verse form do, free verse dose so in a looser way. Walt Whitman’s poetry is an example of free verse.Hemingway Code Hero(海明威式英雄): Hemingway Code Hero ,also called code hero, is one who, wounded but strong more sentitive, enjoys the pleasures of life( sex, alcohol, sport) in face of ruin and death, and maintains, through some notion of a code, an ideal of himself.2> barnes in the sun also Rises, henry in a Farewell to arms and santiago in the old man and the sea are typical of Hemingway Code HeroImpressionism(印象主义):Impressionism is a style of painting that gives the impression made by the subject on the artist without much attention to details. Writers accepted the same conviction that the personal attitudes and moods of the writer were legitimate elements in depicting character or setting or action.2>briefly, it is a style of literature characterized by the creation of general impressions and moods rather that realistic mood.Modernism(现代主义)：Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement , which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical case.3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry, fiction, drama, painting,music and architecture.4> in england from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s, in America from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period, modernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful.5>as far as literature is concerned, Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions.fresh way s of looking at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style.it is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.The Gilded Age镀金时代:the Gilded Age refers to the era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States during the post-Civil War and post -Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century. The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in t heir 1873 book, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today.The Gilded Age is most famous for the creation of a modern industrial econom y. The end of the Gilded Age coincided with the Panic of 1893, a deep depression. （The depression lasted until 1897 and marke d a major political realignment in the election of 1896. After that came the Progressive Era.）Tragedy: in general, a literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end. Unlike comedy, tragedy depict s the actions of a central character who is usually dignified or heroic. Through a series of events, this tragic hero is brought to a final downfall. The causes of the tragic hero’s downfall vary. In traditional dramas, the cause can be fate, a flaw in character or an error in judgment. In modern dramas, wher e the tragic hero is often an ordinary individual, the causes range from moral or psychological weakness to the evils of society. Regionalism(地区主义)：In literature, regionalism or local color fiction refers to fiction or poetry that focuses on specific features –including characters, dialects, customs, history, and topography –of a particular region. Since the region may be a recreation or reflection of the author's own, there is often nostalgia and sentimentality in the writing.Although the terms regionalism and local color are sometimes used interchangeably, regionalism generally has broader connotations. Whereas local color is often applied to a specific literary mode that flourished in the late 19th century, regionalism implies a recognition from the colonial period to the present of differences among specific areas of the country. Additionally, regionalism refers to an intellectual movement encompassing regional consciousness beginning in the 1930s. Even though there is evidence of regional awareness in early southern writing—William Byrd's History of the Dividing Line, for example, points out southern characteristics—not until well into the 19th century did regional considerations begin to overshadow national ones. In the South the regional concern became more and more evident in essays and fiction exploring and often defending the southern way of life. John Pendleton Kennedy's fictional sketches in Swallow Barn, for example, examined southern plantation life at length. Confessional poetry emphasizes the intimate, and sometimes unflattering, information about details of the poet's personal life, such as in poems about illness, sexuality, and despondence. The confessionalist label was applied to a number of poets of the 1950s and 1960s. John Berryman, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Lowell, Sylvia Plath, Theodore Roethke, Anne Sexton, and William De Witt Snodgrass have all been called 'Confessional Poets'. As fresh and different as the work of these poets appeared at the time, it is also true that several poets prominent in the canon of Western literature, perhaps most notably Sextus Propertius and Petrarch, could easily share the label of "confessional" with the confessional poets of the fifties and sixties.Ecocriticism：Ecocriticism is the study of literature and environment from an interdisciplinary point of view where all sciences come together to analyze the environment and brainstorm possible solutions for the correction of the contemporary environmental situation. Ecocriticism was officially heralded by the publication of two seminal works, both published in the mid-1990s: The Ecocriticism Reader, edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, and The Environmental Imagination, by Lawrence Buell.In the United States, Ecocriticism is often associated with the Association for the Study of Literature and Environment (ASLE), which hosts biennial meetings for scholars who deal with environmental matters in literature. ASLE has an official journal—Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment (ISLE)—in which much of the most current American scholarship in the rapidly evolving field of ecocriticism can be found.Ecocriticism is an intentionally broad approach that is known by a number of other designations, including "green (cultural) studies", "ecopoetics", and "environmental literary criticism".Dramatic Conflict：At least not the special kind of conflict that drives plays, the gas that fuels the dramatic engine. Arguments in real life are usually circular -- nobody gets anywhere, except a little steam's been blown off. And they're boring for everyone except the folks doing the yelling.Dramatic Conflict draws from a much deeper vein, rooted in the Subtext of your central characters. It's driven by fundamentally opposing desires.Conflict is a necessary element of fictional literature. It is defined as the problem in any piece of literature and is often classified according to the nature of the protagonist or antagonist。
38妇女节调侃的话
38妇女节调侃的话英文回答：Wives, mothers and mistresses, I salute the power of your vaginas!On this International Women's Day, let's celebrate the incredible strength, resilience, and contributions of women around the world. From the humble housewife to the powerful CEO, women have always played a vital role in shaping our societies and making the world a better place.Today, we raise our glasses to the women who have fought for our rights, broken down barriers, and inspired generations to come. We honor the women who have made their mark in science, technology, politics, business, and every other field of human endeavor.We also remember the women who face discrimination and violence, simply because of their gender. On this day, wereaffirm our commitment to fighting for equality, justice, and the full realization of women's rights.So, let's raise our voices and celebrate the women in our lives. Let's thank them for their love, support, and unwavering belief in us. And let's all work together to create a world where every woman is free to reach her full potential.Happy International Women's Day!中文回答：38妇女节到了，让大家轻松一下，调侃几句。
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Abstract. Free field representations of vertex algebra in SL(2, R)k/U (1) × U (1) WZNW model are constructed by considering a twisted version of the Bershadsky-Kutasov free field description of discrete states in the two-dimensional black hole CFT. These correspond to conjugate representations describing primary states in the model on SL(2, R)/U (1) × U (1). A particular evaluation of these leads to identities due to the spectral flow symmetry of slˆ(2)k algebra.
In reference [1], the free field realization of string theory in AdS3 was studied in terms of the WZNW model formulated on this manifold, and it was shown there how the ωinding sectors of Hilbert space naturally appear in such construction. The Coulomb gas integral representation was analyzed in this context and used to explicitly compute correlation functions [2] describing string scattering processes. The free field representation of SL(2, R)k WZNW model was also studied in [3]; see references therein.
The free field realization leading to the integral representation of two and three-point correlators in WZNW model formulated on SL(2, R)/U(1) × U(1) is reviewed and, consequently, previous discussions about the explicit examples of realizations of the slˆ(2)k operator algebra are substantially extended. For instance, one of our main goals is to show that the free field representation of the simplest discrete states in the two-dimensional black hole admits an extension which leads to construct conjugate representations of Kac-Moody primary states on the product manifold SL(2, R)/U(1) × U(1).
Pre-print numbers: FTUAM 04/09, IFT-UAM/CSIC-04017. 1BET AND DANIEL E. LO´ PEZ-FOGLIANI
As mentioned, the interactions of ωinding1 strings in AdS3 (accordingly with the construction proposed in [8]) were described [2] in terms of the WZNW model formulated on the mentioned product manifold. More precisely, it was shown how the correlation functions can be computed in terms of the free field description of this theory beyond the near boundary limit by means of the analytic continuation of certain integral equations (see also [7]). Three-point functions representing string scattering processes violating the ωinding number conservation were explicitly calculated for the cases where two of the three interacting states were represented by highest-weight vectors of the SL(2, R). In fact, one of the preliminary goals of this note is to extend the free field computation presented in [2] in order to observe how the group theoretical factor, which parametrizes the discrete representations of SL(2, R), appears in a more general case. This will enable us to study the relation existing with analogous correlators presented in the literature for the case of sine-Liouville conformal field theory [4].
To begin, let us motivate the topic by mentioning that the interest of this particular conformal model is mainly based in the following two aspects: First, the successful description of correlation functions in AdS3 string theory in terms of the free field representation, which nourishes the intention to study the feasibility and fruitfulness of such formalism in this and other conformal models in more detail. Secondly, the conformal theory on the product SL(2, R)/U(1) × U(1), by itself, turns out to be closely related with many other interesting systems in string theory: e.g. it is related with the N=2 Kazama-Suzuki coset models, with the cˆ = 1 conformal theory and, of course, with black hole geometries in two and three dimensions. See for instance the interesting works on related subjects [11, 12].
The computation of correlation functions violating the ωinding number conservation is discussed and, as an application, these are compared with analogous results known for the sineLiouville theory. Exact agreement is observed between both analytic structures.