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中国地质大学(北京)考博专业英复习材料
晶） is said to have a porphyritic texture（斑状结构）. The classification of fine-grained rocks, then, is based on the proportion of minerals which form phenocrysts and these phenocrysts （斑晶）reflect the general composition of the remainder(残留) of the rock. The fine-grained portion of a porphyritic（斑岩） rock is generally referred to as the groundmass（基质） of the phenocrysts. The terms "porphyritic" and "phenocrysts" are not restricted to fine-grained rocks but may also apply to coarse-grained rocks which contain a few crystals distinctly larger than the remainder. The term obsidian(黑曜岩) refers to a glassy rock of rhyolitic（流纹岩） composition. In general, fine-grained rocks consisting of small crystals cannot readily be distinguished from③ glassy rocks in which no crystalline material is present at all. The obsidians, however, are generally easily recognized by their black and highly glossy appearanceass of the same composition as obsidian. Apparently the difference between the modes of formation of obsidian and pumice is that in pumice the entrapped water vapors have been able to escape by a frothing（起泡） process which leaves a network of interconnected pore（气孔） spaces, thus giving the rock a highly porous （多孔的）and open appearance（外观较为松散）. ④ Pegmatite（结晶花岗岩） is a rock which is texturally（构造上地） the exact opposite of obsidian. ⑤ Pegmatites are generally formed as dikes associated with major bodies of granite （花岗岩） . They are characterized by extremely large individual crystals （单个晶体） ; in some pegmatites crystals up to several tens of feet in length（宽达几十英尺）have been identified, but the average size is measured in inches （英寸） . Most mineralogical museums contain a large number of spectacular（壮观的） crystals from pegmatites. Peridotite（橄榄岩） is a rock consisting primarily of olivine, though some varieties contain pyroxene（辉石） in addition. It occurs only as coarse-grained intrusives（侵入）, and no extrusive（喷出的） rocks of equivalent chemical composition have ever been found. Tuff （凝灰岩）is a rock which is igneous in one sense （在某种意义上） and sedimentary in another⑥. A tuff is a rock formed from pyroclastic （火成碎 屑的）material which has been blown out of a volcano and accumulated on the ground as individual fragments called ash. Two terms（igneous and sedimentary） are useful to refer solely to the composition of igneous rocks regardless of their textures. The term silicic (硅质 的)signifies an abundance of silica-rich（富硅） and light-colored minerals（浅 色矿物）, such as quartz, potassium feldspar（钾长石）, and sodic plagioclase （钠长石） . The term basic （基性） signifies （意味着） an abundance of dark colored minerals relatively low in silica and high in calcium, iron, and
2024年高三英语爱好与大学专业选择关系分析单选题30题
2024年高三英语爱好与大学专业选择关系分析单选题30题1. If you have a passion for music, it might lead you to choose a major in _____.A.musicologyB.mathematicsC.physicsD.chemistry答案：A。
本题考查词汇。
“musicology”是音乐学，有音乐爱好可能会选择音乐学专业。
“mathematics”数学、“physics”物理、“chemistry”化学与音乐爱好关系不大。
2. A person with a love for sports may consider a major in _____.A.physical educationB.literatureC.historyD.geography答案：A。
“physical education”体育教育，爱好体育的人可能会考虑体育教育专业。
“literature”文学、“history”历史、“geography”地理与体育爱好联系不紧密。
3. Having an interest in painting could make you choose a major in _____.A.art historyB.biologyD.political science答案：A。
“art history”艺术史，对绘画有兴趣可能选择艺术史专业。
“biology”生物、“economics”经济学、“political science”政治学与绘画爱好关系较小。
4. If you enjoy reading books, you might be inclined to major in _____.A.literatureB.engineeringputer scienceD.architecture答案：A。
“literature”文学，喜欢读书可能倾向于文学专业。
物理博士面试英语常见问题
物理博士面试英语常见问题物理博士面试中，英语是常用的沟通语言。
以下是一些常见的物理博士面试英语问题：1. Why do you want to pursue a in Physics? 你为什么想攻读物理学博士学位？2. What are your research interests? 你的研究兴趣是什么？3. Can you tell me about your previous research experiences? 你能告诉我你以前的科研经历吗？4. What are the main results of your master's/bachelor's thesis? 你的硕士/学士论文的主要结果是什么？5. Have you published any papers? 你有发表过论文吗？6. What are the key innovations/contributions in your published work? 你的已发表作品中的关键创新/贡献是什么？7. What are the possible applications of your research? 你的研究有哪些可能的应用？8. How do you plan to approach your dissertation topic? 你计划如何处理你的论文主题？9. How do you handle challenges in your research? 你是如何处理研究中的挑战的？10. What are the ethical considerations in your research? 你的研究中有什么伦理考虑？11. How do you plan to contribute to the field of Physics with your research? 你计划如何通过你的研究为物理学领域做出贡献？12. Can you work independently? 你能独立完成工作吗？13. How do you handle criticism in your research? 你是如何处理研究中的批评的？14. What are your future career plans? 你未来的职业规划是什么？15. Why did you choose this university/program for your ? 你为什么选择这所大学/博士项目？以上问题仅供参考，实际面试中，面试官可能会根据具体情况和申请人的个人经历进行调整。
高考英语物理试卷
Part I Listening Comprehension (25 points)Section A (5 points)In this section, you will hear 5 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A) He is going to have a meeting. B) He is going to have a rest.C) He is going to take a break. D) He is going to take a vacation.2. A) She has finished her homework. B) She has lost her book.C) She has found her book. D) She has finished her assignment.3. A) He doesn't like playing basketball. B) He is good at playing basketball.C) He doesn't play basketball. D) He is going to play basketball.4. A) She doesn't like tea. B) She prefers coffee to tea.C) She likes both tea and coffee. D) She prefers tea to coffee.5. A) She will go to the library. B) She will go to the bookstore.C) She will go to the cinema. D) She will go to the park.Section B (20 points)In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passageis read for the first time, you should listen carefully for general ideas. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard in the blanks provided. When the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.One of the most important discoveries in physics was made by a British scientist named Michael Faraday. He was born in 1791 and died in 1867.Faraday was interested in science from a young age and became ascientist by accident. He was working as a bookbinder in a bookstore when he met a famous scientist named Humphry Davy. Davy was impressed with Faraday's curiosity and intelligence, and he encouraged him to study science.Faraday began to study chemistry and physics. He was particularly interested in electricity and magnetism. In 1821, he discovered that a current of electricity passing through a wire can create a magnetic field. This discovery led to the development of electric motors and generators. In 1831, Faraday discovered that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current. This discovery led to the development of transformers and generators.Faraday's work had a profound impact on the field of physics. He was able to explain many of the phenomena that had been observed in electricity and magnetism. His work also laid the foundation for many of the technologies that we use today. Faraday was a remarkable scientist who made significant contributions to the field of physics.Part II Structure and Vocabulary (25 points)Section A (15 points)There are 15 sentences in this section. Each sentence has one underlined word or phrase. Choose the one from the four options that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.1. A) destroyed B) destroyed C) destroyed D) destroyed2. A) studying B) studying C) studying D) studying3. A) discovered B) discovered C) discovered D) discovered4. A) influenced B) influenced C) influenced D) influenced5. A) established B) established C) established D) established6. A) contributed B) contributed C) contributed D) contributed7. A) influenced B) influenced C) influenced D) influenced8. A) contributed B) contributed C) contributed D) contributed9. A) established B) established C) established D) established10. A) discovered B) discovered C) discovered D) discovered11. A) influenced B) influenced C) influenced D) influenced12. A) contributed B) contributed C) contributed D) contributed13. A) established B) established C) established D) established14. A) discovered B) discovered C) discovered D) discovered15. A) influenced B) influenced C) influenced D) influencedSection B (10 points)Complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the words given in brackets.1. The experiment (repeat) many times to ensure its accuracy.2. The scientist (discover) a new element in 1898.3. The invention of the light bulb (change) our lives forever.4. The theory of relativity (propose) by Einstein in 1905.5. The solar system (form) about 4.6 billion years ago.Part III Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section A (10 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The World Wide Web (WWW) is a vast collection of documents and other resources, primarily text, images, and sound, stored on computers all over the world. It is accessed through the Internet. The World Wide Web is a powerful tool for communication, education, and entertainment.The World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. He was working at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory, when he cameup with the idea of a hypertext system that could be used to share information. Berners-Lee developed the HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) protocols, which are used to create and display web pages.Today, the World Wide Web is used by millions of people around the world. It has become an integral part of our daily lives. We use it to access information, communicate with others, and entertain ourselves. The World Wide Web has also had a significant impact on education and business.Questions:1. What is the World Wide Web?2. Who created the World Wide Web?3. What are two uses of the World Wide Web?4. What are the two protocols used to create and display web pages?Section B (20 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.The study of physics is essential to understanding the world around us. Physics is the science of matter and energy. It seeks to explain the fundamental laws of nature and how they affect the universe.Physics has many branches, including mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics. Each branch of physics studies a different aspect of matter and energy. Mechanics, for example, studies the motion of objects. Thermodynamics studies the transfer of heat and energy. Electromagnetism studies electric and magnetic fields. Quantum mechanics studies the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels.Physics has had a profound impact on our lives. It has led to the development of many technologies, such as electricity, computers, and medical imaging. Physics has also helped us understand the universe,from the smallest particles to the largest galaxies.Questions:1. What is the main focus of physics?2. Name three branches of physics.3. How has physics impacted our lives?4. What is the significance of physics in understanding the universe?Part IV Writing (25 points)Write an essay of about 150-200 words on the following topic:How has technology changed our lives in the last 50 years?You should use your own ideas, knowledge, and experience to support your essay.Remember to:1. Write an essay in an organized manner.2. Use a variety of sentence structures.3. Use appropriate vocabulary.[Answer space provided]。
a level 高中物理 知识点 英文
a level 高中物理知识点英文Physics is a fundamental science that underpins our understanding of the natural world around us. At the high school level, the study of physics lays the groundwork for more advanced studies in science and technology. The A Level physics curriculum in particular covers a wide range of topics that provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the principles governing the physical universe.One of the key knowledge points in A Level physics is mechanics, which deals with the motion of objects and the forces that act upon them. This includes the study of kinematics, which describes the motion of objects in terms of position, velocity, acceleration, and time. Students learn to apply the equations of motion to analyze the behavior of objects under the influence of forces such as gravity, friction, and tension. They also explore the concepts of momentum, impulse, and conservation of momentum, which are crucial in understanding collisions and other dynamic phenomena.Another important area in A Level physics is waves and optics. This covers the properties and behavior of different types of waves,including transverse waves like light and longitudinal waves like sound. Students learn about the principles of wave interference, diffraction, and refraction, and how these phenomena can be applied in technologies like fiber optic communication and medical imaging. The study of optics also includes the behavior of light, including the laws of reflection and refraction, and the operation of optical devices such as mirrors and lenses.Electricity and magnetism are also core topics in the A Level physics curriculum. Students delve into the fundamental concepts of electric charge, electric fields, and electric potential, as well as the principles of electric circuits and the flow of electric current. They also explore the relationship between electricity and magnetism, including the generation of electromagnetic induction and the workings of electric motors and generators.Another key knowledge point in A Level physics is thermal physics, which covers the behavior of heat and temperature, as well as the concepts of thermal energy, thermal expansion, and the laws of thermodynamics. Students learn to apply these principles to understand phenomena like the operation of heat engines, the transfer of heat, and the behavior of gases.The A Level physics curriculum also includes the study of modern physics, which encompasses the groundbreaking developments inthe field during the 20th century. This includes the theory of special relativity, which describes the relationship between space, time, and the speed of light, as well as the principles of quantum mechanics, which govern the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic scales.In addition to these core knowledge points, the A Level physics curriculum also covers a range of other topics, such as astrophysics, nuclear physics, and particle physics. These areas delve into the structure and behavior of the universe, from the smallest subatomic particles to the largest celestial bodies.Throughout the A Level physics curriculum, students are not only expected to understand the theoretical concepts but also to apply them in practical, real-world situations. This involves the development of skills in experimental design, data analysis, and problem-solving. Students learn to design and conduct experiments, collect and interpret data, and use their knowledge of physics principles to explain and predict physical phenomena.The study of A Level physics also fosters the development of critical thinking and analytical skills, as students are required to engage in complex problem-solving and decision-making processes. They learn to break down problems, identify the relevant physical principles, and apply them to arrive at solutions. These skills are highly valued ina wide range of fields, from engineering and technology to finance and business.Overall, the A Level physics curriculum provides students with a comprehensive and rigorous understanding of the physical world. By mastering the key knowledge points and developing essential skills, students are well-equipped to pursue further studies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, or to apply their knowledge in a variety of professional contexts. The study of A Level physics not only enhances students' scientific understanding but also prepares them for the challenges and opportunities of the modern world.。
作文如何介绍物理学科英语
作文如何介绍物理学科英语Introduction to Physics。
Physics is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. It is a fundamental subject that helps us understand the world around us, from the smallest particles to the largest structures in the universe. Physics is also an essential subject for many other fields, including engineering, medicine, and technology.The study of physics is divided into several subfields, including classical mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics. Each of these subfields focuses on different aspects of the physical world and has its own set of laws and principles.The study of classical mechanics deals with the motion of objects under the influence of forces. It includes topics such as Newton's laws of motion, work and energy,and momentum. Electromagnetism, on the other hand, dealswith the interaction between electrically charged particles. It includes topics such as electric fields, magnetic fields, and electromagnetic waves.Thermodynamics is the study of heat and itsrelationship with other forms of energy. It includes topics such as temperature, entropy, and the laws of thermodynamics. Finally, quantum mechanics is the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level. It includes topics such as wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, and quantum entanglement.The study of physics requires a solid foundation in mathematics, particularly calculus and linear algebra. It also requires a strong analytical and problem-solvingskills, as well as the ability to think critically and creatively. Physics is a challenging subject, but it can also be very rewarding.In conclusion, physics is a fascinating subject that helps us understand the fundamental laws that govern theuniverse. It is a subject that has many practical applications and is essential for many other fields. If you have a passion for science and a love of problem-solving, then physics may be the subject for you.。
高二英语科学发现单选题50题
高二英语科学发现单选题50题1. The ______ of the light bulb by Thomas Edison had a great impact on the world.A. inventionB. discoveryC. explorationD. creation答案：A。
解析：“invention”强调创造出以前不存在的东西，灯泡是爱迪生创造发明出来的，所以选A。
“discovery”侧重于发现原本就存在但不为人知的事物；“exploration”主要指探索、探究；“creation”更侧重于创造抽象的事物或艺术作品等，在表示发明具体物品时不如“invention”合适。
2. Alexander Fleming is famous for his ______ of penicillin.A. inventionB. discoveryC. findD. creation答案：B。
解析：“discovery”指发现原本存在但未被发现的事物，青霉素原本就存在，弗莱明是发现了它，所以选B。
“invention”强调发明新的东西；“find”作名词时没有这种科学发现的含义；“creation”侧重于创造抽象或艺术等方面的东西。
3. Which of the following is the correct English term for “万有引力”that was discovered by Isaac Newton?A. Universal GravityB. General GravityC. Total GravityD. Whole Gravity答案：A。
解析：“Universal Gravity”是“万有引力”的正确英文表达。
“General”通常表示一般的、总体的；“Total”表示总数的、总计的；“Whole”表示整个的，都不能准确表达“万有引力”这个科学概念。
描写自然科学的英语作文题纲
描写自然科学的英语作文题纲Natural science is a vast and fascinating field that encompasses the study of the physical world around us. From the smallest subatomic particles to the grandest celestial bodies, natural science seeks to unravel the mysteries of the universe and deepen our understanding of the natural phenomena that shape our existence. In this essay, we will explore the breadth and depth of natural science, delving into its various disciplines and the ways in which it continues to transform our understanding of the world.At the heart of natural science lies the pursuit of knowledge through systematic observation, experimentation, and the rigorous application of the scientific method. This approach, which emphasizes objectivity, empiricism, and the testing of hypotheses, has led to groundbreaking discoveries that have revolutionized our understanding of the natural world. From the laws of motion that govern the movement of celestial bodies to the complex chemical reactions that sustain life, natural science has provided us with a profound and comprehensive understanding of the physical universe.One of the key disciplines within natural science is physics, the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. From the tiniest subatomic particles to the vast expanse of the cosmos, physics seeks to uncover the fundamental laws that govern the behavior of the physical world. Through the study of mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics, physicists have unlocked the secrets of the universe, from the creation of the stars to the nature of time and space.Another crucial field within natural science is chemistry, the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter. From the elements that make up the periodic table to the complex molecules that form the building blocks of life, chemistry has provided us with a deep understanding of the chemical processes that shape our world. Through the study of organic and inorganic chemistry, as well as the development of new materials and technologies, chemists have played a vital role in advancing our knowledge and improving our quality of life.Closely related to physics and chemistry is the field of biology, the study of living organisms and the processes that sustain life. From the microscopic world of cells and microorganisms to the vast diversity of plant and animal life, biologists have uncovered the intricate mechanisms that govern the development, growth, and behavior of living beings. Through the study of genetics, evolution,ecology, and physiology, biologists have not only expanded our understanding of the natural world but have also made groundbreaking advancements in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation.Another important branch of natural science is earth science, which encompasses the study of the planet we call home. From the geological processes that shape the Earth's surface to the complex atmospheric and oceanic systems that govern our climate, earth science has provided us with a deeper understanding of the dynamic and ever-changing nature of our planet. Through the study of geology, meteorology, oceanography, and other related disciplines, earth scientists have made crucial contributions to our understanding of natural resources, natural disasters, and the long-term sustainability of our environment.Beyond the traditional disciplines of physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science, natural science has also expanded into a wide range of specialized fields, each with its own unique focus and methods of inquiry. For example, the field of astronomy explores the vast expanse of the universe, studying the formation, evolution, and behavior of celestial bodies such as stars, planets, and galaxies. Meanwhile, the field of materials science delves into the properties and applications of various materials, from the development of advanced composites to the design of cutting-edge technologies.Across all of these diverse fields, natural science is characterized by a common thread: the relentless pursuit of knowledge and the drive to understand the world around us. Through the use of scientific tools and methodologies, researchers in natural science are constantly pushing the boundaries of human understanding, uncovering new insights and challenging our existing assumptions.One of the most remarkable aspects of natural science is its ability to evolve and adapt to new discoveries and technological advancements. As our understanding of the natural world deepens, new fields of study emerge, and existing disciplines are continuously refined and expanded. This dynamic nature of natural science ensures that it remains at the forefront of human knowledge, constantly pushing the boundaries of what is known and inspiring new generations of scientists to explore the unknown.Moreover, the findings and discoveries of natural science have had a profound impact on our daily lives, shaping the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. From the development of life-saving medical treatments to the creation of innovative technologies that improve our quality of life, the contributions of natural science are ubiquitous and far-reaching.In conclusion, natural science is a vast and multifaceted field thatcontinues to captivate and inspire us with its ability to unravel the mysteries of the physical world. Through the tireless efforts of researchers and the application of rigorous scientific methodologies, natural science has not only expanded our understanding of the universe but has also transformed the way we live and interact with our environment. As we continue to explore the frontiers of natural science, we can be certain that new discoveries and insights will continue to emerge, enriching our knowledge and inspiring us to delve deeper into the wonders of the natural world.。
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force is pointing outward like in the diagram on slide 10
A:
Positive because it is point away from the stationary positive
charge
Q:
What is the charge, if the direction of the force on the diagram
Explanation of Electric Field (E-field) (for slide 10)
#3 What direction is the electric force?
- The direction of the Electric force is parallel to the electric field.
What is a Field?
• A region of space characterized by a
physical property having a determinable value at every point in the region
• Examples: gravitational field, Electric
field ,and magnetic field
Explanation of Field (#1) (for slide 5)
• This means if we put anything appropriate in a field, we can then calculate “something” out of
Questions and Fun facts
Q:
What do you think is the application of a CRT and what do the electric plates do in the CRT?
A:
Our “OLD” TV (before LCD and Plasma) use this technique to view images on our TV!
bridge to Electric and Magnetic Field on following slides.
Electric Field
• Electric field is defined as the electric force
per unit Charge
E is measure in Force/Coulomb
Legend
-White background is for Teacher to see as instructions.
-Blue back ground is for the Student to see
• My presentation is more gear toward
upper level high school physics student (i.e. Physics 11, Physics 12 and Physics 12 AP).
#0 Explain what is a charge, q - They should have enough Physics to know what is a +/- charge is - Opposite charges attract each other and Like charges repel each other
“something” I mentioned before. That “something” is the “gravitational force” in this case.
• Emphasize that we determine different kinds of force with different kinds of field. This can
will follow the gravitational field lines and fall to the surface of the Earth.
• Essentially, if we put anything that has a mass in the Gravitational field, we can calculate that
Magnetic Field
• Magnetic field is a field that exerts a force
on a moving charge
• A magnetic field can be caused either by
another moving charge or by a changing of electric field or magnetic dipoles of materials
#1 Explain E is defined as F/q - If we put a +/- (positive or negative) charge in a electric field, the +/- charge will experience a force. This force is called “Electric Force” - (IMPORTANT!!) Recall from G-field. G-field requires an object with a MASS to have a force. E-field requires a +/- charge to have a force
#2 How do you draw the E-field lines with different charges? - Electric field lines always comes out of the positive charge into the negative charge - Negative charge always absorb the E-field lines
• Emphasize the 3 components to produce a magnetic field
#1 Moving +/- charge #2 Changing of E-field #3 Dipole of material (see diagram to explain)
• Magnetic Field is measure in Tesla
Explanation of Magnetic field (for slide 15)
• In order to have a magnetic force, we need a moving +/- charge.
• Magnetic field lines come out of N and go into S (see diagram on slide 15)
- Look at the POINT P on the diagram on slide 10. The arrow in the diagram represents the direction of the electric force
Q:
What is the charge, positive or negative, if the direction of the
A simple formula to calculate Magnetic Field B = magnetic field F = Magnetic Force Q = charge V = velocity of the moving charge
that field
• Before going further with Electric field and Magnetic field, mention there are something called the
Electric and Magnetic field. Use gravitational field as a start, because G-field the most easy to understand
#5 Maglev train
• Strong magnetic strips • thin plexiglass • the support track
Electromagnetism
University of British Columbia Physics 420
By: Jason Cheung
E = Electric Field F = Electric Force q = Charge
• It is the surrounding charges that create
an electric field
Explanation of Electric Field (E-field) (for slide 10)
#1 Cathode ray tube demo
• Cathode ray tube set
#2 Battery demo
• 9V battery • thin copper wires • rubber band • a neodymium magnet
(order online grand-illusions/toyshop or ebay)
center of the screen
#2
Adjust the electric plate by turning the X knob or the Y knob. This is to demonstrate that the
electric plate can control where the electron will hit on the screen.