2015年职称英语综合B概括大意译文

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全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题及答案

全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题及答案

2008年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1she found me very dullA dirtyB sleepyC lazyD boring2The President made a brief visit to BeijingA shortB workingC formalD secret3He was persuaded to give up the ideaA mentionB acceptC considerD drop4Jack consumes a pound of cheese a dayA eatsB drinksC buysD produces5Mary just told us a very fascinating storyA strangeB frighteningC difficultD interesting6It's a gorgeous day anywayA lovelyB coldC normalD rainy7Her life is becoming more diverseA generousB humorousC variedD romantic8Foreign military aid was prolonging the warA broadeningB worseningC extendingD accelerating9She was unwilling to go but she had no choice.A unableB IndecisiveC readyD reluctant10 She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles.A sickB weakC slimD pale11 With immense relief, I stopped running.A someB enormousC littleD extensive12 The scientists began to accumulate data.A collectB handleC analyzeD investigate13 Jack eventually overtook the last truckA hitB passedC reachedD led14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advanceA possibleB profitableC easyD wise15 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzleA factB mysteryC statementD game第2部分:阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,其7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A果该句提供的是错误的信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类B级试题参考答案

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类B级试题参考答案

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题参考答案1D2C3A4B5C6D7C8B9A10C11B12D13A14C15C16C17B18A19B20C21B22A23F24A25C26B27C28E29A30B31B32D33C34B35D36B37C38D39D40B41B42A43C44B45A46D47F48A49B50C51C52B53D54A55A56B57D58A59C60B61B62D63A64C65A 2013年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题题解第1部分:词汇选项1D come、across是固定搭配,意思是“偶遇,碰巧发现”,因此选择D选项。

pass by“路过”,take a notice of“注意到”,wake up“醒来”。

2C incredible意为“难以置信的”,与unbelievable同义。

obvious“明显的”,unclear“不明的”。

3A tempt“吸引,诱惑”,此处为被动态,句子意思为:他被这家公司开出的高额薪水吸引了。

A选项符合句义。

4B aggressive意为“好斗的,富于攻击性的”,与offensive相近,如:Men tend to be more aggressive than women.男性往往比女性更具有攻击性。

Knives of any sort are classed as offensive weapons.任何刀具都属于攻击性武器。

worried“担心的”,sleepy“困倦的”,anxious“焦急的”。

5C as regards是固定搭配,意思是“关于”,如:There is no problem as regards the financial arrangements.资金筹备方面毫无问题。

6D migrate的意思是“迁徙”,travel除了常见的“旅行”意思外,还有“行进”的意思,如:Supersonicplanes can travel faster than the speed of sound.超音速飞机的速度比音速快。

2015职称英语新增阅读理解逐句翻译版

2015职称英语新增阅读理解逐句翻译版

第九篇AnEssential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green ing sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon theplants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that‟snot all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is usedby the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animalsand other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygenis called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also usewater and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. Thecarbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. Thecarbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of greenplants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophyllsthat give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules thattrap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide toproduce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of thestomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent ofwater a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. Duringthe daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide toenter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is notneeded. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be littlefood or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. Theearth‟s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essentialfor life on our planet.An Essential Scientific Process参考译文:一个至关重要的科学过程1. All life on the earth depends upon green plants.参考译文:地球上所有的生命都依靠绿色植物生存。

职称英语复习资料综合类AB级概括大意(1)

职称英语复习资料综合类AB级概括大意(1)

1.IKEA is the world’s largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world’s most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural business man. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business – IKEA.2.IKEA’s name comes from Kamprads’initials(I.K.)and the place where he grew up (E and A ). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad’s wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices, including watches, pens and stockings.3.IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. the furniture was all designed and made by manufactures near Kamprad’s home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.4.In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stress with furniture in attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.5.In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.6.Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world’s richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retired from the day-today operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing.1. Paragraph 2 ____.2. Paragraph 3 ____.3. Paragraph 4 ____.4. Paragraph 5 ____.A. Ingvar Kamprad – a born businessmanB. Success brought by the introduction of showroomsC. The origin of IKEAD. Specialization in selling furnitureE. Flat packaging – a feature of IKEAF. World-wide expansion of IKEA5. Even when he was only a child, ____.6. ____, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA’s showrooms because ____.8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, ____.A. IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.B. it is highly welcomed by bothC. Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.D. he lives happily in retirementE. here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himself答案与解析:1.分析⽂章标题: The making of a success(成功) story(故事)标题的含义为“⼀个成功故事的产⽣”,IKEA(宜家)贯穿⽂章出现,共出现了17次,因此是⽂章主题词。

2015 职称英语翻译

2015 职称英语翻译

2015年职称英语考试综合类补全短文及译文Virtual DriverDriving involves sharp eyes and keen ears,analyzing with a brain,and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, andmaintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car withdifferent parts of his body. (1) Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but there is in facta virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on eachside of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system:a built-in computer. (2) The brain of the car is responsible forcalculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2,analyzing their position on the road,choosing the right path,and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (3) However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control,the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at ahy time and in any place? (4) With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. (5) This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars,and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.词汇:virtual 虚拟的built-in 嵌入的coordination 协调,配合racecar n.赛车cab 驾驶室expressway 高速公路minicamera n.小型照相机driverless 无驾驶员的boot.(车身后部的)行李箱注释:1.virtual driver:虚拟驾驶员2.The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car aremoving at...车的大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。

2015职称英语综合B真题及答案(完整文字版)2015年4月发布

2015职称英语综合B真题及答案(完整文字版)2015年4月发布

2015年职称英语考试《综合B》真题及答案(完整文字版)(2015年4月发布)第1部分:词汇选项1.【题干】I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.【选项】A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate【答案】A2. 【题干】The organization was bold enough to face the press.【选项】A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible【答案】C3. 【题干】She's extremely competent and industrious.【选项】A.honestB.hardworkingC.objectiveD.independent【答案】B4. 【题干】Most people find rejection hard to accept.【选项】A.excuseB.clientC.refusalD.destiny【答案】C5. 【题干】These products are inferior to those we bought last year. 【选项】A.narrower thanrger thanC.richer thanD.poorer than【答案】D6. 【题干】I realized to my h orror that I had forgotten the present. 【选项】A.fearB.limitC.powerD.fool【答案】A7. 【题干】The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. 【选项】A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation【答案】B8. 【题干】We were attracted by the lure of quick money.【选项】A.amountB.temptC.supplyD.sum【答案】B9. 【题干】There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.【选项】A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubic【答案】A10. 【题干】The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.【选项】A.discloseB.hideC.handleD.establish【答案】A11. 【题干】The political situation in the region has deterioratedrapidly.【选项】A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed【答案】C12. 【题干】They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.【选项】A.planningB.preparingC.requestingD.looking【答案】C13. 【题干】He said some harsh words about his brother.【选项】A.properB.normalC.unclearD.unkind【答案】D14. 【题干】He tried to assemble his thoughts.【选项】A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spare【答案】C15. 【题干】Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. 【选项】A.flexibleB.reasonableC.terribleD.serious【答案】C第2部分:阅读判断第3部分:概括文章大意第4部分:阅读理解第一篇:Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they'reusually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human p opulation in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(土生土长的)trees. However, more and more farmers inLatin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted ifthere aren’t any trees. With increased production come i ncreased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide frompredators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are neededto grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die.The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enterthe water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning togrow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers bybuying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worthit.31.【题干】What is the main idea of this passage?【选项】A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.D.People should buy shade-grown coffee.【答案】A32.【题干】The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 isto show_____.【选项】A.the positive effects of coffee.B.a change of coffee growth.C.something that is the most important.D.how coffee production used to be.【答案】B33.【题干】What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?【选项】A.More insects.B.Better quality coffee.rger farms.D.Higher profits.【答案】D34.【题干】How d o farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?【选项】A.They buy more land from other farmers.B.They cut down trees.C.They move to another country.D.They turn grassland into farmland.【答案】B35.【题干】The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____【选项】A.insects.B.air.C.brids.D.humans.【答案】B第二篇:Washoe Learned American Sign LanguageAn animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last monthat the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe h ad become k nown in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be thefirst non-human to learn a human l anguage. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe s aid she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when i t was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like," Who i s coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies oftheir own into this new a nd exciting area of research. The whole directionof primate research changed.However, critics argued Washoe o nly learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developedtrue language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggestthat primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signsonly for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a formerstudent of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoerprovided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today,there are not as many scientists studying language skills withchimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a verylong time.Debate continues about chimps understanding of human c ommunication. Yet, one thing is sure-Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.36.【题干】The Gardners' experiment with Washoe_____.【选项】A.began in 1969.B.won a big prize.sted three yearsD.influenced primate research【答案】D【查看文字解析>>】37. 【题干】The second paragraph mainly discusses _____.【选项】A.a report about Washoe's progress in learning sign language.B.the whole direction of primate research.C.new primate researches conducted by many language scientific.D.an experiment with Washoe at a research center in Africa.【答案】A【查看文字解析>>】38. 【题干】The Gardners' experiment with Washoe was criticized because _____.【选项】A.just ask some simple question.B.only copy teachers' sign language.C.only memorize about 250 words.D.just repeat short sentences.【答案】B【查看文字解析>>】39. 【题干】According to the passage ,which of the following is true?【选项】A.Roger Fouts taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees.B.Washoe was the first chim to use American Sign Language.C.A chimpanzee died of natural causes in Africa at a research center.D.Nowadays there are still lots of scientists experimenting with chimpanzees.【答案】B40. 【题干】We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that_____.【选项】A.whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswer.B.primates have the ability to speak a language.C.animals can's learn a human sign.D.Washoe is as intelligent as humans.【答案】C第三篇:Moderate Earthquake Strikes EnglandA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One w oman suffered minor head and neck injuries."It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride," said the woman.The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struckat 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15seconds."I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up frombed next to me." said Hendrick van Eck,27,of Canterbury about 60 milessoutheast of London. "I then heard the sound of cracking, and it wasgetting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of mybed hopping up and down."There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was thestrongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck thecentral England city of Birmingham.The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Surveyscientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an areathat had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage m London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not bescared too much b y this prediction, Musson s aid, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quakeand announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allowtime for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.41. 【题干】The biggest earthquake took place in Britain _____.【选项】A.in 1931.B.in 1580.C.in 2002.D.in 2007.【答案】A42. 【题干】The word "collapsed "in Paragraph 4 most probably meas _____.【选项】A.fell apart.B.flew off.C.shook up.D.blew out.【答案】A43. 【题干】The phrase "this scale "in Paragraph 6 refers to_____.【选项】A.4.8-magnitude quake.B.4.3-magnitude quake.C.5.8 on the Richter scale.D.6.1 on the Richter scale.【答案】B44. 【题干】The following statements are true EXCEPT_____.【选项】A.the quake caused a power failure in Kent Country.B.the tremor lasted for 10-15 seconds.C.people in Canterbury felt strong quake.D.the quake was centered centered under the Channel Tunnel.【答案】D45. 【题干】 It can be learnt from the last paragraph that _____.【选项】A.moderate earthquakes often strike London in the historyB.earthquake warming system of Britain can predict theC.another earthquake is predicted to occur in England.D.the French also felt the earthquake taking place on【答案】B第5部分:补全短文Saving a City's Public ArtAvoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may b e impossible, but the city's colorful freeway murals(壁画)can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict(描述)famous people and historical scenes coveroffice buildings and freeway walls all across the city. With a collectionof more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capitalof the world.But the combination of graffiti(涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun hasleft many L.A. murals in terrible condition._____(46)In the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists wereeven expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with carsracing by along the freeway._____(47)The work started in 2003. So far, 16 walls have been selected, and more may be added later.Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-centuryMexican mural painting._____(48)The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca's "The Great Wall,"a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high)painting that runs for half a mile (0.8kilometer)in North Hollywood,_____(49)it took eight years to complete—400 underprivileged teenagers painted the designs—and is probably the longest mural in the world.One of the murals that will be restored now is Kent Twitchell's"Seventh Street Altarpiece." which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984._____ (50)Twitchell said, "It was meant as a kind ofgateway through which the traveler to L.A. must drive. The open handsrepresent peace."Artists often call murals the people's art. Along a busy freeway orhidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can reach people who would neverpay money t o see fine art in a museum, "Murals give a voice to the silent majority," said one artist.46.【题干】_____【选项】A.The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted oversome of the murals complete.B.This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.C.Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artists.D.Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city'smurals.E.The mural represents the history of ethnic groups in California.F.Soon, their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for L.A.'s cultural diversity.【答案】A47.【题干】_____【选项】A.The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted oversome of the murals complete.B.This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.C.Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artists.D.Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city'smurals.E.The mural represents the history of ethnic groups in California.F.Soon, their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for L.A.'s cultural diversity.【答案】D48.【题干】_____【选项】A.The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted oversome of the murals complete.B.This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.C.Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artists.D.Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city'smurals.E.The mural represents the history of ethnic groups in California.F.Soon, their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for L.A.'s cultural diversity.【答案】C49.【题干】_____【选项】A.The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted oversome of the murals complete.B.This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.C.Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artists.D.Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city'smurals.E.The mural represents the history of ethnic groups in California.F.Soon, their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for L.A.'s cultural diversity.【答案】E50.【题干】_____【选项】A.The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted oversome of the murals complete.B.This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.C.Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artists.D.Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city'smurals.E.The mural represents the history of ethnic groups in California.F.Soon, their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for L.A.'s cultural diversity.【答案】B第6部分:完形填空The Internet HouseA leading British building and design company has just announcedtheir plans for the home of the future. The new design,_____(51)as the "Internet House", has five bedrooms , plenty of bathrooms and a doublegarage .But these are not the main selling _____(52), for it is the£25000_____(53)of automation that makes this house really different.It will be _____(54), for people who have plenty of money ,but nota great _____(55)of time ;young professionals in other words ,They arelikely to be _____(56)to the idea of a microwave that provides easy-to-cook _____(57)via the Internet and cooker that switches itselfon or off at a command received via e-mail .All the appliances in the house , _____(58)the heating and lightingcontrols ,are linked together _____(59)means of a gadget(小装置)calleda "router ".Using what's called a "Webpad",a kind of portable lap-topcomputer ,the owners of the house tap in commands from _____(60)they may be .The Webpad _____(61)a signal to the router ,which _____(62)the message and then activates the necessary controls. On the home at night ,for example ,the owners can switch on the lights or _____(63)thecentral heating working ,and so_____(64)sure that they have a nice warm welcome when they _____(65)into their home.51.【题干】_____【选项】A.entitledB.knownC.referredd【答案】D52. 【题干】_____【选项】A.plotsB.plansD.paths【答案】C53. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.valueB.priceC.worthD.cost【答案】A54. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.accurateB.modelC.preciseD.ideal【答案】D55. 【题干】_____A.lengthB.dealC.lotD.extent【答案】C56. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.excitedB.intendedC.interestedD.attracted【答案】D57. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.recipesB.projectsC.receiptsD.invitations【答案】A58. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.as long asB.as soon asC.as well asD.as far as【答案】C59. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.forB.inC.withD.by【答案】C60. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.whateverB.howeverC.whicheverD.wherever【答案】D61. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.drawsB.speaksC.sendsD.hearsay【答案】C62. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.decodesB.discountsC.decidesD.dissolves【答案】A63. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.leadB.haveC.putD.get【答案】B64. 【题干】_____ 【选项】eB.makeC.keepD.hold【答案】B65. 【题干】_____ 【选项】A.stayB.standC.stepD.start 【答案】C。

职称英语全文翻译(第2-4部分)

职称英语全文翻译(第2-4部分)

第二部分阅读判断第一篇Inventor of LEDLED的发明者当Nick Holonyak着手用半导体含金创造一种新的可视照明设备的时候,同事们都认为他不现实。

今天,他发现的发光二极管,或叫LED,使用范围覆盖从DVD到机场警钟的一切东西。

他的许多学生继续着他的工作,发明了交通灯中使用的照明设备和其他的日用技术。

2004年4月23号,Holoyak在华盛顿的一次典礼上被授予Lemelson-MIT项目的50万美元的奖金。

这是麻省理工的Lemelson-MIT项目第十年颁奖给杰出的发明人。

“任何时候你得了奖,不论是大是小,总是一分惊喜。

”Holonyad说。

Holonyak,75岁,是20世纪50年代初期晶体管的发明者John Bardeen的学生。

从研究生院毕业之后,Holonyak在Bell实验室工作。

之后去了通用电器公司,在那里他发明了一种开关,现在家用减光开关中普遍使用。

后来,Holonyak开始研究如何应用半导体发电。

当他的同事们正在研究如何发出看不见的光时,他却想要看得见的光。

1962年他发明的LED,现在的使用寿命可以比白炽灯泡长十倍,而且更环保、更经济。

Holonyak现在是伊利诺斯大学电子、计算机工程和物理专业的教授,他说他预料到LED的使用有可能像今天这样普遍,但没有意识到它会有多少用途。

“开始的时候你并不知道,你认为你在做一件很重要的事情,你认为它值得做,但是你不能说出要付出多大的代价,什么时候付出,怎样付出。

你并不知道。

”他说。

Lemelson-MIT项目同样授予75岁的Edith Flanigen 10万美元的终身成就奖,她的成就是创造新一代的“分子筛”,也就是可以通过大小来分离分子。

第二篇EL Nino厄尔尼诺当某些预报方法不能提前几个月成功预测1997年厄尔尼诺现象的时候,哥伦比亚大学的研究人员说他们的方法可以提前两年预测厄尔尼诺现象。

这对全世界各地的政府、农民和其他寻求为厄尔尼诺带来的干旱和大雨做准备的人来说是一条好消息。

2015年12月B级真题参考答案

2015年12月B级真题参考答案

高等学校英语应用能力考试(B级)PRACTICAL ENGLISH TEST FOR COLLEGES2015年12月b卷参考答案Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A (每题1分)1-5 CABCB 6-7 CDSection B (每题1分) 8-12 ADCDA 13-14 BCSection C (每题1分) 15-19 BDACBSection D20.carried out 21. biggest 22. 28 23.the ability 24. working conditionPart II Vocabulary & StructureSection A25-29 DACBC 30-34 ABDBCSection B35. receiving 36. education 37. was completed 38. generally 39. interestingPart IIIReading ComprehensionTask 140-44 CBBCDTask 2 45-47 DBATask 3 48.Purchasing Guide / purchasing guide 49. 1-866-Best-Buy50. daily 51.the / your purchase 52. the sales receiptTask 453.G C 54.J P 55.H K 56.B I 57. O DTask 5 58.indoor and outdoor 59. online 60. the property manager61. the moving supplies 62. move inPart IV67. (共7我们维修所有品牌的计算机(1分)。

我们为你提供专业化建议(1分),从长远来说,可为你节省时间和金钱(1分)。

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概括大意文章及译文
第六篇 How we form first impression我们是如何形成第一印象的
对刚刚遇到的人我们都会有第一印象,为什么?除去一些描述或显而易见的特征,我们很可能对他们一无所知,那为什么我们他们形成主观的看法呢?
这与你的大脑如何感知世界是息息相关的。

大脑对面部特征十分敏感,即使是在眼睛、耳朵或嘴部的位置的差异也会使大脑察觉到这个人是“不同的”。

实际上,大脑一直在不断地对接收到的感官信息——也就是影像和声音——进行处理。

大脑将这些“信号”与储存在脑皮层系统的大量“记忆” 相比较,以便确定这些新收到的信号的“意思”。

如果你在学校看到某个你认识而且喜欢的人,你的大脑会做出“熟悉安全”的判断;如果你看见了一个陌生的人,你的大脑会告诉你“陌生,有潜在的威胁”。

紧接着你的大脑会开始将这个陌生人的特征与“已知”的记忆进行比较。

包括身高、体重、穿着、种族、手势以及音调等。

特征越不相符,大脑越会告诫你,“这是陌生人,我不喜欢这个人”,或“我很好奇”。

大脑也可能观察到一张新面孔,但却有着熟悉的穿着、种族特征和手势——像你的朋友,这时大脑会告诉你“我喜欢这个人”。

但这些第一印象却可能是完全错误的。

当区分人时,我们会用一种不成熟的思维方式(与小孩子的那些不成熟的想法没区别)去对别人做出简单并且绝对性的判断。

(这样的后果是)我们将人区分为蠢货、反常的人或怪人,而不是对人的深度和广度,即历史、兴趣、价值、长处或真正的性格有所了解。

但是,如果对刻板印象加以抑制,我们就会有机会对一个人有真正的了解。

如果我们花一些时间与一个人在一起,倾听他或她的生活、希望和梦想,了解了这个人的性格,我们才会用一种不同的、更成熟的方式——用脑皮层中最复杂的区域——去思考。

这会使我们更富有人情味。

7- How to Argue with Your Boss 怎样与老板争论
在你与老板争论以前,先去老板秘书那里问一下老板的情绪,如果他情绪很糟,去向他提要求可不是一个好主意。

即使没有老板的秘书,在选择时间方面也有窍门:别在老板赶期限时去找他;别在午饭前去找他,因为这时他最易走神,匆忙行事;别在他度假前后去找他。

如果你快发疯了,只会使你的老板也气疯。

先平静一下。

别让某件特别的事情打开你积怨的闸门。

老板会认为,你对公司持完全否定的态度,而且无法改变你的观点。

接下来,你可能要被开除。

当雇主和雇员双方都不明白对方要说什么时,会发生可怕的争执。

有时问题弄清时,矛盾也就消除了。

雇员必须清楚地传达他的观点,让老板明白。

即使你不给老板添麻烦,他要考虑的事也已经够多的了。

如果你无法提出直接的解决方案,至少要表明怎样对待此问题。

那些经常给老板提问题,而不提出解决方案的人会发现他们连秘书那一关也过不了。

要想和老板相处融洽,多考虑他的目标和压力非常重要。

如果你能把自己摆在老板的合伙人的位置上,他自然会愿意与你合作,达到你的目的。

8- Screen Test透视检查
每年上百万的女性都做X射线透视,检查是否有乳腺癌迹象。

如果检查得足够早,疾病就可以被成功地治疗。

根据去年公布的一项调查,21个国家有透视计划。

其中9个国家,包括澳大利亚、加拿大、美国和西班牙为50岁以下女性进行透视。

但是,用X射线检查年轻女性,就医学上的好处而论,是有争议的,部分原因是辐射有诱发癌症的小小的危险。

另外,年轻女人乳房组织紧密,给予的X 射线的剂量要多一些。

Valencia理工大学的研究人员分析了 11个社区诊所用X射线检查16万以上女性的结果。

估测了女性的辐射累积剂量之后,他们用两种模型计算由此导致额外癌症数量。

英国国家辐射保护委员会推荐的数学模型预言,透视计划会导致每10万个女性中有36人患上癌症,18人致死。

联合国原子辐射影响科学委员会首选的模型得出了一个较低的数字^20人患上癌症。

研究人员争辩说,与发现后接受治疗的癌症数字相比,由辐射诱发癌症的数字是很小的。

他们说,Valencia计划在每10万接受透视的妇女中发现300到450个乳腺癌病例。

但是他们指出如果X射线检查从50岁而不是45岁时开始,会使妇女由于辐射而患癌的危险减少40%到80% ,因为她们可以接受更少的辐射。

他们暗示说,他们研究的结果有助于使乳腺癌透视的技术更加完善。

英国国家辐射保护委员会的Michael Clark承认“在胸透的诊断益处和危险之间有一个平衡"。

但是他警告说应该谨慎地解释此项研究。

“基于目前的数据,每成功地发现10例癌症就有可能导致今后出现一例癌症。

这就是为什么在所有的透视计划中,辐射应该减少到最小的原因。

"
9- Transport and Trade 交通与贸易
交通是贸易的辅助手段之一。

把货物从它们比较丰富的地区运到这种货物稀少的地区,交通增加了它们的价值。

把货物从生产者那里运送到一定距离之外的消费者那里越容易,对贸易就越有利。

过去没有铁路,没有很好的公路,也没有运河,只有小帆船,所以贸易的规模很小。

在过去的两百年中,运输业取得了巨大的进展,伴之而来的是贸易的迅猛增长。

例如,更大更快的轮船使英国和新西兰之间发展了肉食贸易。

快捷的运输
使大批量的生产和大的企业成为可能。

它们从全球各地购买原料,又把产品销售到全球各地。

如果没有方便的交通把他们所需的大批工人从家乡带来或送回,大的工厂就不可能存在。

除非顾客们能很快从郊区赶到城里并且货物能迅速地被送到家里,否则,城市里的大商场也不可能发展起来。

除非食物能从远处运来,否则,大城市也无法生存。

交通能够防止浪费。

如果大量的鱼被运到了港口却不能很快送往内陆城镇,那么很多就要被浪费。

交通使我们的食品和货物丰富起来,因为我们再也无须以当地所产的东西为主要食品了。

过去一年内某一时间才能得到的食物现在一年四季都可以得到。

交通提高了人们的生活水平。

通过运输燃料、原料,甚至电力(例如,可通过电缆),交通使工业和贸易在原来不可能的地区发展起来,地区和国家可以集中生产那些比别的地区成本低、质量又好的产品,然后互相交换。

交通运输越便宜越快捷,那么货物的产地和目的地之间的距离就越远,同时又能贏利。

交通落后的国家生活水平也较低。

商业的发展不仅需要有货物和人口的迁移,而且要求信息的传递。

一些联系手段,如电话、电报和无线电广播可以给人们带来世界各地的价格、供应的信息,让人们了解变化的情况。

先进的通信系统可以以这种方式帮助发展贸易。

10- Washoe Learned American Sign Language Washoe学会了美国手语
一个影响科学思维的动物已经死亡了。

一个出生在非洲名为Washoe的黑猩猩上个月月底在美国华盛顿州的一个研究中心自然死亡,死时42岁。

Washoe在科学界和世界各地众所周知,是因为它能够使用美国手语。

它是第一个了解人类语言的非人类。

它的技能也导致有关灵长类动物和它们所能理解的语言的争议。

科学家Alien和Beatrix Gardner于1966年开始教Washoe手语。

1969年,Gardners在科学的报告中描述了 Washoe的进步。

对Washoe做实验的人说Washoe逐渐掌握了约250个单词。

例如, Washoe能用手语表达“该吃饭了”!它能要苹果和番蕉这样的食品。

它也问诸如“谁要来玩”之类的问题。

Washoe 能用手语的消息一散开,许多语言学家开始在他们自己这一令人振奋的新研究领域展开研究。

灵长类动物的整个研究方向改变了。

然而,批评者认为Washoe只学会了看它的教师的手语重复动作。

他们说Washoe从来没有发展真正的语言技能。

即使是现在,也有一些研究表明灵长类动物学习手语只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质刺激的结果。

可是Washoe的饲养员不同意这种说法。

Roger Fouts以前是Gainer夫妇的学生。

Roger Fouts把Washoe带到了华盛顿埃伦斯堡的一个研究中心。

在这里,Washoe教三个年轻的黑猩猩手语,这三个黑猩猩依然活着。

像Jane Goodall这样的独立的科学家认为,Washoe为黑猩猩心理活动的研究提供了新信息。

今天,没有那么多科学家研究黑猩猩的语言技能。

部分原因在于这类研究需要花费很长的时间。

对黑猩猩懂得人类交流方式与否的辩论仍在继续。

然而,有一件事却是肯定的~"Washoe改变了有关动物智能可能性的普遍观点。

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