Exercise 5

Exercise FiveI. Vocabulary and structure.1. in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A. The girl was educatedB. The girl educatedC. The girl’s being educatedD. The girl to be educated2. the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.A. Even ifB. As far asC. If onlyD. So long as3. All flights because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceledB. have been canceledC. were canceledD. having been canceled4. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we during the day.A. should have doneB. would have doneC. may have doneD. must have done5. “Y ou are very selfish. It’s high time you that you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.A. realizedB. have realizedC. realizeD. should realize6. In the course of her life, Mary Anne Sadlier , some fifty of them original novels and collections of stories.A. produced nearly sixty booksB. produced sixty books nearlyC. nearly sixty books producedD. sixty books nearly produced7. The activities of the international marketing researchers are frequently much broader than .A. the domestic marketer hasB. the domestic marketer doesC. those of the domestic marketerD. that which has the domestic marketer8. A nation’s merchant marine is made up of its commercial ships and the personnel .A. they operate themB. who operate themC. they operate whomD. who do they operate9. The remarkable gains in the general health of the population in the world have been due in large measure the efforts of some great doctors.A. forB. withC. byD. to10. Today’s libraries differ greatly from .A. the pastB. that are pastC. those of the pastD. those past11. The bus moved slowly in the heavy fog. As a result , we arrived at our _____ almost two hours later.A. destinationB. deliveryC. detectionD. depression12. The captured criminals were _____ in chains through the streets.A. exhibitedB. paradedC. displayedD. paralleled13. If he wants to get to Shanghai tonight, he has no _____ but to go by plane.A. selectionB. substituteC. probabilityD. alternative14. In the 18th century you had to keep on sharpening the point of your feather pen and _____ it in ink while you were writing.A. droppingB. dippingC. tippingD. slipping15. Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee be _____ to investigate the incident.A. set outB. set asideC. set upD. set down16. Serious infections can retard and even _____ the growth of tumors in mammals.A. increaseB. fastenC. haltD. finish17. Don’t you consider it wrong to _____ in examinations?A. deceiveB. cheatC. swindleD. blackmail18. A new administrator sighed on to lead Memorial Hospital on Tuesday after an _____ search that resulted in 70 applications.A. extensiveB. expansiveC. intensiveD. expensive19. Now that external pressures are no longer enough to keep most couples together, a more _____ approach is called for.A. conscientiousB. consciousC. consecutiveD. conscience20. They _____ a friend before leaving the parking lot this morning.A bumped B. witnessed C. chanced D. encountered21. The railways are about to _______ a major program of modernization.A.arrive atB. put onC. expose toD. embark on22. It is _______ that he is the country's greatest writer.A. acknowledgedB. unconsciousC. rigidD. subconscious23. This discovery marks a significant technological __________.A. processB. adventureC. projectD. advance24. It's good he enjoys his own ______because he has a very lonely job.A. companyB. securityC. sakeD. reverse25. I felt I couldn't cope with the situation and was in desperate need of some __________.A.remarkB. reassuranceC. assumptionD. complaints26. I'd like to buy you a meal __________ all your hospitalityA. to approveB. to demonstrateC. in return forD. in addition to27. They felt helpless, __________, and incapable of handling the jobA. confidentB. enviousC. insecureD. criticized28. This can lead to unnecessary __________ over a child's quite normal behavior.A. emotionB. functionsC. pressureD. anxiety29. He __________ in the children's games.A. glancedB. observedC. engagedD. frustrated30. __________ mistakes and weaknesses, it did a great deal of good work inside the trade union.A. No matter whatB. AlthoughC. In spiteD. DespiteII. Reading comprehension.Passage 1After practicing as a surgeon for several years, Dr. Ginoux decided to apply for a membership in the American College of Surgeons, a highly selective and distinguishedprofessional organization.As part of the application procedure, Dr. Ginoux was asked to prepare a list of all the operations performed in the previous seven years. Slowly, as she worked on the long list, she began to feel uncertain. She began to question some of her decisions. Had she used the best technique in that case? Maybe, in this case, she should have run one more test before operating? On the other hand, maybe she should have … Would the doctors on th e selection committee understand that, as the only trained surgeon in the area, she usually could not get advice from others and therefore, had to rely completely on her own judgment? For the first time, Dr. Ginoux felt lonely and isolated.The longer Dr. Ginoux worked on the application forms, the more depressed she became. As hope faded, she wondered if a “country doctor” had a realistic chance of being accepted by the American College of Surgeons.1. Dr. Ginoux was working in _______.A. a large cityB. the American College of SurgeonsC. an area far from any big cityD. a selection organization2. The application forms must include _______.A. the decision procedureB. a record of all the operationsC. the best techniqueD. a list of advice and judgments3. It was most probable that Dr. Ginoux was _______.A. a member in organizationB. a well-trained surgeonC. a graduate from the American College of SurgeonsD. a distinguished surgeon in America4. When she was filling the application forms, Dr. Ginoux began to be _______.A. realisticB. distinguishedC. perplexedD. decisive5. When filling the forms, Dr. Ginoux felt depressed because _______.A. she didn’t perform enough operationsB. some operations were unsuccessfulC. she didn’t get advice from the selection committeeD. she was doubtful about her operationsPassage 2Many rules governing speech patterns are learned in childhood and people grow up thinking that everyone has the same rules for speaking. People unconsciously expect others to use the same modes of expression as they do. But this may lead to mistakes. For instance, not all languages use silence and interruptions in the same way. Have you observed the ways people from different cultures use silence? Have you noticed that some people interrupt conversations more than other people? All cultures do not have the same rules governing these areas of communication.Many Americans interrupt silence in a conversation to mean disapproval, disagreement, or unsuccessful communication. They often try to fill silence by saying something even if they have nothing to say! On the other hand, Americans do not appreciate a person who dominates a conversation. Knowing when to take turns in conversation in another language can sometimes cause difficulty. Should you wait until someone has finished a sentence before contributing to a discussion, or can you break into the middle of someone's sentence? Interrupting someone who is speaking is considered rude in the United States. Even children are taught explicitly not to interrupt.Individuals in every culture have similar basic needs but express them differently. In daily life we all initiate conversation, use formal and informal speech, give praise, express disagreement, seek information, and extend invitations. Some of the verbal patterns we use are influenced by our culture. Whereas directness in speech is common in the United States, indirectness is the rule in parts of the Far East. Thus people from both of theseparts of the world would probably express criticism of others differently. In parts of the Middle East a host is expected to offer food several times but in the United States he may make an offer only once or twice. The different modes of expression represent variations on the same theme. Each language reflects and creates cultural attitudes; each has a unique way of expressing human need.6. The main idea of the passage is that ______.A. invitations may not always be genuineB. it is not polite to interrupt a conversationC. there are unwritten and tacit rules of speaking that affect verbal interactionD. directness is characteristic of American verbal interaction7. People sometimes make mistakes in communication because ______.A. they do not listen to othersB. they expect others to be like themC. they tend to be self-centeredD. they are not considerate8. The author implies that silence in conversation ______.A. always means disapproval and disagreement in the American cultureB. means unsuccessful communication in all culturesC. is interrupted in the same way in both the East and the WestD. often makes Americans feel uncomfortable during conversation9. Which statement of the difference between the American culture and the culture of parts of East Asia is NOT true?A. The American people tend to be more direct in their speech than those in the FarEast.B. The Americans use more informal speech than the East Asian people.C. People from the two different cultures might express criticism differently.D. A Middle East host might offer food several times to his gusts, whereas an Americanhost would only offer once or twice.10. The last paragraph states that people from various cultures ______.A.share common needs but express them differentlyB. share common needs so they express them similarlyC. express their uncommon needs in similar waysD. share no common needs and therefore have no similar expressionPassage 3Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist; a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even of other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purpose. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize liberally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.Unfortunately, the more Industrialized we become the farther away we more from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Y et everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10, 000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild - and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild world would begin to fade away.11. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The early humans did not enjoy the study of botany.B. They thought there were no needs to cultivate crops.C. They probably had extensive knowledge of plants.D. They placed great importance on the ownership of property.12. What does the comment "this is logical" mean?A. It is reasonable to assume that our ancestors behaved very much like people inpreindustrial societies.B. Human knowledge of plants is well organized and detailed.C. There is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestor's knowledge of plants.D. It is not surprising that early humans had a detailed knowledge of plants13. According to the passage, why has the accumulated knowledge of botany begun tofade away?A. People no longer valued plants as a useful resource.B. Direct contact with a variety of plants has decreased.C. Many wild plants changed their properties somehow and invalidated humanknowledge.D. Research is unable to keep up with the increasing numbers of plants.14. According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture?A. The discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted.B. The changing diets of early humans.C. The development of a system of names fro plants.D. The invention of agricultural implements and machinery.15. The relationship between botany and agriculture is similar to the relationship between zoology (the study of animals) and ______.A. sheep raisingB. deer huntingC. bird watchingD. horsebackIII. CLOZECars are an important 1 of life in the Untied States. 2 most people feel that they are poor. And 3 if a person is poor he doesn’t feel really poor 4 he has a car.There are three main reasons the car became so 5 in the United States. 6 of all the county is a huge one and Americans like to move 7 in it. The car provides the most comfortable and 8 form of transportation.9 a car people can go any place without spending a lot of money.The second reason cars are popular is the fact 10 the United States never developed 11 and inexpensive form of public 12 . Long-distance trains have never been 13 common in the United States as they are in other parts of world. Nowadays there is a good system of air-service 14 by planes. But it is 15 expensive to be used frequently.The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is 16 really made cars popular. Americans don’t like to wait 17 a bus, or a train or even a plane. They don’t like to 18 to exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule 19 time. And this is the freedom that Americans want 20 to have.1. A role B part C effect D basis2. A Without a car B Not with a carC Without no carD With not a car3. A ever B still C even D quite4. A although B when C whether D but5. A qualified B increasing C developing D popular6. A First B Firstly C At first D The first7. A around B on C along D forth8. A cheap B most cheap C cheapest D cheaper9. A Through B Since C With D As10. A which B that C where D what11. A in interested B an affected C an efficient D a satisfied12. A movement B carriage C shipping D transportation13. A quite B very C too D as14. A providing B to provide C provided D provides15. A very B so C too D as16. A that B what C how D which17. A for B on C beside D about18. A follow B further C chase D run19. A their own B their self C theirs own D theirs self20. A best B most C worst D leastIV. Translation1. I dare not go there___________________________(惟恐怕被他看见).2. We left the house early___________________________(希望能避开交通阻塞).3. After he left college,________________________（他的父亲出资帮他经营家具业）.4. ________________________(自从我们制定了新规章制度), fewer people have been late to work.V. WritingA letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应设计食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。