讲述关于美国经济大萧条英语课presentation幻灯片
美国经济大萧条英文版课件
THE GREAT DEPRESSION 经济大萧条
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The Great Depression
?Brief introduction ?Effects ?Causes ?Measures
3
Brief introduction
? The Great Depression(1929-1933)，originated in U.S. history, the severe（严重的） economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S. stock-market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). From there, it quickly spread to almost every country in the world.
?Political Unrest
?Farm Foreclosures
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在布鲁克林区的“血汗工厂”里，15岁左右的童工每周只挣二元七角八 分。女工每周工作50小时，报酬是二元三角九分。
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当然，人在街头流 浪久了，也能找到一些 窍门。譬如，花五分钱 要一杯咖啡，然后白要 一杯开水，把柜台上的 番茄酱倒一些同开水一 搅和，就算是番茄汤了。
Herbert Clark Hoover (赫伯特·克拉克·胡佛)
New Deal:
Roosevelt's economic recovery plan, the New Deal, instituted unprecedented programs for relief, recovery and reform, and brought about a major realignment of American politics.
美国经济大萧条英文介绍
美国经济⼤萧条英⽂介绍Economic crisisIn October 24, 1929, American black Thursday, crazy stock trend suddenly appeared in the New York stock exchange, trading a total of nearly 13000000 shares of stock, beyond more than 10 times of the normal daily trading volume. In financial speculation and bubble economy, the soared stock price now moved so that it can not keep up with the speed of price quotes. With many people in bankruptcy with a mountain of debt, even 8 people killing themselves on the day because of Dutch act of debt, the financial panic started. However, this was the largest , the longest, and the worst start of economic crisis in the history of capitalism. In the following four years, the capitalist world sank into the global crisis economically, socially and politically , has been a huge impact, precarious.On the Black Thursday, at 12 o’clock noon, a number of Wall Street financial giants in the Morgan Foundation Office held an emergency meeting, deciding to raise money to save the market. Two days later, the situation temporarily stabilized. But on 28th, Monday, with the wind coming again, 9,250,000 stocks sprung out such as the flood and the financial giants finally were unable to resist with wealth exhaustion, and they issued a statement at night: give up the rescue and panic is unstoppable to come. The next day, Tuesday, at 10 o’clock in the morning, with the stock market opening and the Gong ringing, large amounts of stock was thrown out, even at any price, but not many people wanted to buy with the chaotic scene. At the beginning of stock opening, 3000000 shares were thrown out, reaching more than 8000000 shares two hours later, and more than 12,000,000 stocks closed at one thirty. when shares reached16,410,000 , the stock market finally collapsed and the stock marketfell by12.82%. Hundreds of billions of dollars instantly became nothing and economic crisis has opened a prelude. Later on, the stock continually plunged with stock index 100 points in 1926, 145 points in November 1929 , 102 points in December 1930, and falling to 54 points in December 1931. Until 1933, the situation was extremely serious, even falling to 34 points in June, finally the index had lost 5/6. Nearly one hundred billion U.S. assets burst miraculously disappeared such as soap bubbles. From September in 1929 to January 1933, thirty kinds of stocks fell by 82.8%, from the average of $364.9 to $62.7. In the meanwhile, 20 kinds of railway stock from an average of $180 per share to $28.1, decreasing by 84.4%.The crisis heavily hit the United States firstly, thousands of factories and banks collapsed. There were 26400 companies and 934 banks broken In 1930. In 1931, 28300 companies and 1440 banks failed; In 1932, 31300 companies and 1453 banks failed; In 1933, 20300 companies and 1783 banks also failed. People rushed into banks in a panic to draw a large number of deposits, which caused a great loss of gold reserves as well as capital output sharply decreased nearly being stopped..In early 1933, all banks in the United States were out of business basically . Finance was just the nerve center of modern economy,and its paralysis inevitably led to the entire national economic havoc and the economy in the United States almost collapses, which resulted in continuous decline in America's GDP. In 1929, GDP was $103.1 billion, $55.6 billion in 1933. During the past three years GDP has decreased by half. Ten years later, it went back to $99.6 billion in 1940.What is more , industrial production of USA in July 1932, has fallen to the bottom, contrast in May 1925, plummeted 55.6%, steel fell by nearly 80%, fell by 87% in the machine tool manufacturing, auto industry has declined by 95%.With the economic crisis leading to a large number of unemployed people, people's life became seriously poor and the unemployed in the United States had more than 400 in 1930 to 8 million people in 1931, breaking through the ten million mark in 1932. In 1933, the most serious unemployment went up to 17million, which means nearly a third of the workers in the United States. From October 1930 to March 1931, there were 223000 people out of work among 690,000 workers and 5,000 households losing their homes within only 6 days just were unable to pay the mortgage. The unemployed fully in urban and rural, cold, hunger, and homeless, have been admitted to the Hoover cottage made of wood, sheet metal or paper boxes and so on. The humble dwelling were called Hoover cottage, because when Hoover once was run for President of the United States, he had promised the workers that they could have the chicken to eat and cars to drive.Once in America, about 34,000,000 people had no income, accounting for 28% of the total population, and even a large number of schools went bust. In 1932, only New York, at one time, had more than 30 students out of school and millions of people relied on charity with fear and despair throughout the crisis. This is so called the history of the great tragedy of America.In the early twentieth century, there were a variety of latent crisis factors in America economic prosperity such as large gap between the rich and the poor, wealth is concentrated in a few rich people, so that the majority of people in lower class lacked purchasing power because of poverty. In 1929, the rich in USA, accounting for 5% of the population of the country, had a personal collection of 1/3. At thesame time, the poor households with the annual income of less than $2000 were up to 60% of the whole families. In addition, the number of the pre-crisis unemployment reached about 2,000,000. Another important factor is the rampant speculation, such as speculation frenzy of the stock and real estate , forming the bubble economy. The New York Stock Exchange listed shares increased to from 443,000,000 shares in January 1925 to more than 1,000,000,000 shares of stock in October 1929 , with the face value higher with 3 to 20 times, some even up to 50 times. The the doubled prices and a serious departure from the actual value, the stock eventually fell off a serious cliff on the Black Thursday in 1929.。
大萧条与罗斯福新政PPT教学课件31 岳麓版
（是资本主义世界有史以来最严重的一次经济危机）
二、罗斯福新政
1、背景：
1）胡佛的反危机措施——自由放任主义 古典经济学的政策药方，对美国的资本主 义发展有着深刻的影响。它认为市场机制 是一只“看不见的手”，能够自动调节经 济活动；政府的干预只能造成低效率和浪 费。因此，“管得少的政府就是好政府。”
（2）、调整工业生产（中心措施）
通过《全国工业复兴法》，要求工业各行业制定本行业的公平 经营章程，规定生产规模、价格水平、工资标准和工作日时数、 工作条件，将生产的各个环节置于国家监督之下。
1935年的《全国劳工关系法》：重申工人的权利，规定雇主不 得干预和图谋控制劳工组织；雇主不得拒绝与工人进行集体谈 判，并根据该法成立了劳工关系委员会。 1938年的《公平劳动标准法》：规定了企业 工人最低工资和 最高工时，规定每周工作40小时，每小时40美分最低工资，后 调整为每小时1美元。还禁止雇用16岁以下的童工。
结果是危机迟迟得不到解决。
2）罗斯福当选为总统
2、新政的措施：
请结合引发经济危机的原因，思考:如果你是罗 斯福总统，你会围绕哪一矛盾采取措施来解决经 济危机？他采取了哪些措施来解决这一矛盾。分 析每项措施的作用。
供给和需求的矛盾 （1）整顿财政金融（着眼点） 作用：恢复了银行与金融正常秩序，恢复了银行的信用。
激励学生学习的名言警句 51关于学习或励志的名言警句
关于读书的名人名言50条 我一生的嗜好，除了革命之外，---就是读书。我一天不读书，就不能够生活。---孙中山 读书破万卷，下笔如有神。---杜甫 读万卷书，行万里路。 ---顾炎武 读书之法无他，惟是笃志虚心，反复详玩，为有功耳。 ---朱熹 读书无嗜好，就能尽其多。不先泛览群书，则会无所适从或失之偏好，广然后深，博然后专。 ---鲁迅 读书之法，在循序渐进，熟读而精思。 ---朱煮 读书务在循序渐进；一书已熟，方读一书，勿得卤莽躐等，虽多无益。 ---胡居仁[明] 读书是学习，摘抄是整理，写作是创造。 ---吴晗 看书不能信仰而无思考，要大胆地提出问题，勤于摘录资料，分析资料，找出其中的相互关系，是做学问的一种方法。---顾颉刚 书犹药也，善读之可以医愚。 ---刘向 读书破万卷，胸中无适主，便如暴富儿，颇为用钱苦。 ---郑板桥 知古不知今，谓之落沉。知今不知古，谓之盲瞽。 ---王充 举一纲而万目张，解一卷而众篇明。 ---郑玄 知识，主要是靠主动"抓"出来的，不是靠"教"出来的。 ---钱三强 学而不厌，诲人不倦。 ---孔丘 欲速是读书第一大病，功夫中在绵密不间断，不在不速也。---陆珑[清] 不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。 ---荀况 学而时习之，不亦悦乎！ ---孔丘 倘能生存，我当然仍要学习。 ---鲁迅 热爱书吧---这是知识的泉源！ ---高尔基 我读书越多，书籍就使我和世界越接近，生活对我也变得越加光明和有意义。 ---高尔基 书籍是在时代的波涛中航行的思想之船，它小心翼翼地把珍贵的货物运送给一代又一代。 ---弗・培根 读书对于智慧，也象体操对于身体一样。 ---艾迪生[英国作家] 当我们第一遍读一本好书的时候，我们仿佛觉得找到了一个朋友；当我们再一次读这本书的时候，仿佛又和老朋友重逢。 ---伏尔泰 理想的书籍，是智慧的钥匙。 ---列・托尔斯泰 书是人类进步的阶梯。 ---高尔基 读一本好书，就是和许多高尚的人谈话。 ---歌德 书籍是人类知识的总结。书籍是全世界的营养品。 ---莎士比亚 书籍是巨大的力量。 ---列宁 好的书籍是最贵重的珍宝。 ---别林斯基 任何时候我也不会满足，越是多读书，就越是深刻地感到不满足，越感到自己知识贫乏。 ---马克思 书籍便是这种改造灵魂的工具。人类所需要的，是富有启发性的养料。而阅读，则正是这种养料。 ---雨果
讲述关于美国经济大萧条英语课presentation幻灯片
Black Tuesday
Causes
• Demand-driven Keynesian Breakdown of international trade Debt deflation • Monetarist • New classical approach • Austrian School • Inequality • Productivity shock
Start of the Great Depression 1
• The depression originated in the U.S., starting with the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929 and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). From there, it quickly spread to almost every country in the world.
– Women were fired from teaching jobs if they got married – This practice continued into the 40’s
Hale Waihona Puke Children in the Depression
• Malnutrition in NYC rose from 18% in 1928 to 60% in 1931 • Milk consumption was dropping in many states • Child welfare was one of the first to be cut in many states as the Depression got worse • Schools shut their doors because children were looking for jobs
美国经济大萧条英文介绍讲述
Economic crisisIn October 24, 1929, American black Thursday, crazy stock trend suddenly appeared in the New York stock exchange, trading a total of nearly 13000000 shares of stock, beyond more than 10 times of the normal daily trading volume. In financial speculation and bubble economy, the soared stock price now moved so that it can not keep up with the speed of price quotes. With many people in bankruptcy with a mountain of debt, even 8 people killing themselves on the day because of Dutch act of debt, the financial panic started. However, this was the largest , the longest, and the worst start of economic crisis in the history of capitalism. In the following four years, the capitalist world sank into the global crisis economically, socially and politically , has been a huge impact, precarious.On the Black Thursday, at 12 o’clock noon, a number of Wall Street financial giants in the Morgan Foundation Office held an emergency meeting, deciding to raise money to save the market. Two days later, the situation temporarily stabilized. But on 28th, Monday, with the wind coming again, 9,250,000 stocks sprung out such as the flood and the financial giants finally were unable to resist with wealth exhaustion, and they issued a statement at night: give up the rescue and panic is unstoppable to come. The next day, Tuesday, at 10 o’clock in the morning, with the stock market opening and the Gong ringing, large amounts of stock was thrown out, even at any price, but not many people wanted to buy with the chaotic scene. At the beginning of stock opening, 3000000 shares were thrown out, reaching more than 8000000 shares two hours later, and more than 12,000,000 stocks closed at one thirty. when shares reached16,410,000 , the stock market finally collapsed and the stock marketfell by12.82%. Hundreds of billions of dollars instantly became nothing and economic crisis has opened a prelude. Later on, the stock continually plunged with stock index 100 points in 1926, 145 points in November 1929 , 102 points in December 1930, and falling to 54 points in December 1931. Until 1933, the situation was extremely serious, even falling to 34 points in June, finally the index had lost 5/6. Nearly one hundred billion U.S. assets burst miraculously disappeared such as soap bubbles. From September in 1929 to January 1933, thirty kinds of stocks fell by 82.8%, from the average of $364.9 to $62.7. In the meanwhile, 20 kinds of railway stock from an average of $180 per share to $28.1, decreasing by 84.4%.The crisis heavily hit the United States firstly, thousands of factories and banks collapsed. There were 26400 companies and 934 banks broken In 1930. In 1931, 28300 companies and 1440 banks failed; In 1932, 31300 companies and 1453 banks failed; In 1933, 20300 companies and 1783 banks also failed. People rushed into banks in a panic to draw a large number of deposits, which caused a great loss of gold reserves as well as capital output sharply decreased nearly being stopped..In early 1933, all banks in the United States were out of business basically . Finance was just the nerve center of modern economy,and its paralysis inevitably led to the entire national economic havoc and the economy in the United States almost collapses, which resulted in continuous decline in America's GDP. In 1929, GDP was $103.1 billion, $55.6 billion in 1933. During the past three years GDP has decreased by half. Ten years later, it went back to $99.6 billion in 1940.What is more , industrial production of USA in July 1932, has fallen to the bottom, contrast in May 1925, plummeted 55.6%, steel fell by nearly 80%, fell by 87% in the machine tool manufacturing, auto industry has declined by 95%.With the economic crisis leading to a large number of unemployed people, people's life became seriously poor and the unemployed in the United States had more than 400 in 1930 to 8 million people in 1931, breaking through the ten million mark in 1932. In 1933, the most serious unemployment went up to 17million, which means nearly a third of the workers in the United States. From October 1930 to March 1931, there were 223000 people out of work among 690,000 workers and 5,000 households losing their homes within only 6 days just were unable to pay the mortgage. The unemployed fully in urban and rural, cold, hunger, and homeless, have been admitted to the Hoover cottage made of wood, sheet metal or paper boxes and so on. The humble dwelling were called Hoover cottage, because when Hoover once was run for President of the United States, he had promised the workers that they could have the chicken to eat and cars to drive.Once in America, about 34,000,000 people had no income, accounting for 28% of the total population, and even a large number of schools went bust. In 1932, only New York, at one time, had more than 30 students out of school and millions of people relied on charity with fear and despair throughout the crisis. This is so called the history of the great tragedy of America.In the early twentieth century, there were a variety of latent crisis factors in America economic prosperity such as large gap between the rich and the poor, wealth is concentrated in a few rich people, so that the majority of people in lower class lacked purchasing power because of poverty. In 1929, the rich in USA, accounting for 5% of the population of the country, had a personal collection of 1/3. At thesame time, the poor households with the annual income of less than $2000 were up to 60% of the whole families. In addition, the number of the pre-crisis unemployment reached about 2,000,000. Another important factor is the rampant speculation, such as speculation frenzy of the stock and real estate , forming the bubble economy. The New York Stock Exchange listed shares increased to from 443,000,000 shares in January 1925 to more than 1,000,000,000 shares of stock in October 1929 , with the face value higher with 3 to 20 times, some even up to 50 times. The the doubled prices and a serious departure from the actual value, the stock eventually fell off a serious cliff on the Black Thursday in 1929.书中横卧着整个过去的灵魂——卡莱尔人的影响短暂而微弱，书的影响则广泛而深远——普希金人离开了书，如同离开空气一样不能生活——科洛廖夫书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉——库法耶夫书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者———史美尔斯书籍便是这种改造灵魂的工具。
《美国金融危机演讲》PPT课件
1.3 货币政策的责任
▪ 进入新世纪以后,美国 经济呈下滑趋势。为 刺激经济，美国采取 了扩张性货币政策， 利率水平急剧下降。
▪ 扩张性货币政策的实 施，致使经济中的通 货膨胀抬头，为了治 理通货膨胀，货币政 策开始紧缩，利率水 平急剧上升。利率的 上升，使得次贷借款 人的成本上升，危机 被触发。
次贷及其衍生产品使得大量机构卷入
▪ 基于次贷这种基础性资产，一系列衍生品产生出来 • 抵押贷款公司热情地参与到这场活动中来，它们放松风险 评估条件，大量购买次级抵押贷款，并将其证券化出售。 • 信用评级机构也对次贷证券给予了过高的信用等级评定。 • 各种保险和担保机构也参与其间。 • 广大的金融市场其他参与者在缺乏信息的情况，不可能对 次贷债券进行合理的风险评估。投资者根据评级标准大量 购买次贷债券，使得次贷债券的流动性较高，债券发行更 加便利；反转来，次级抵押贷款因而更开展的如火如荼。
▪ 该文认为，全部过程可以从大规模投资开始分析。大规模投资是由大量 借款支持的，大量借款造成大量债务。然而，一旦发生某些降低人们对 利润期望之信心的事件，人们便会着手销售资产以偿还债务。债务的清 偿导致廉价抛售；当人们用之偿还银行贷款时，存款货币就会减少。价 格水平会降低，货币流通速度会减慢。同时，商业净值和商业利润也会 一落千丈。产出将下降，贸易将减少，失业将增加。商业上的亏损、破 产和失业将导致人们产生悲观情绪并丧失信心；反转来，这又会使得人 们进行窖藏，从而更大幅度地减慢货币的流通速度。银行为了保全自己， 将停止贷款，因而货币供应进一步减少。这一过程反反复复地进行着： 银行经营不良—倒闭—窖藏—破产……进一步廉价抛售……银行经营不 良—……直至产生大衰退。
一旦违约发生，便会触发恶性循环
▪ 2006年，在当年发行的万亿美元的住房抵押贷款证券中，次 级抵押贷款证券占据了21.9%。过度的繁荣，酝酿着巨大的风 暴。事实上，2004年的储贷协会危机，已预示风暴即将到来。
经济大危机PPT课件30 人教版优秀课件
建筑业
流浪的母亲
第4课
经济大危机
The Great Depression
1922年到1929年，经济迎来了飞速增长，平均年 GNP(国民生产总值)增长率高达5.5%。
失业率从战前的11％下降至20年代后期的3.5%。 到1929年，在美国占人口5%的富人的收入几乎占全 部国民收入的1/3，而全年收入大约在2000美元左右的 贫困户占家庭总数的60%，还有21%的家庭年收入不到 1000美元。
罗斯福新政的措施： 1.整顿金融 2.恢复工业 3.调整农业 4.举办公共工程
罗斯福新政
1.时间： 1933年 2.目的：在资本主义制度内部进行调整，加强国家对经
济的干预和指导，以消除经济危机。 3.特点：
4.中心措施：对工业的调整,颁布《国家工业复兴法》。 5.成效：
蓝鹰标志 凡是接受法规的企业，一律发给印有“我们 尽我们的职责”的蓝鹰标志。
当时美国社会财富的分布状况如何?
各抒己见 1.当时美国社会财富的分布状况如何? 2.为谋暴利，资本家又是如何刺激消费的? 3.股票市场为何没有发现问题?
各抒己见
1.当时美国社会财富的分布状况如何? 贫富分化严重，限制社会实际消费能力
2.为谋暴利，资本家又是如何刺激消费的? 盲目扩大生产，分期付款和银行信贷，造成虚 假消费 3.股票市场为何没有发现问题?
最早出现的国家 美国
特点
时间比较长、范围特别广、破坏性特 别大
影响
美国儿歌
梅隆拉响汽笛， 胡佛敲起钟， 华尔街发出信号， 美国往地狱冲。
千百万人只因像畜生那样生活，才免于死亡。 宾夕法尼亚州的乡下人吃野草根、蒲公英；肯塔 基州的人吃紫萝兰叶、野葱、勿忘我草、野莴苣 以及一向专给牲口吃的野草。城里的孩子妈妈在 码头上徘徊等待，一有腐烂的水果蔬菜扔出来， 就上去同野狗争夺。蔬菜从码头装上卡车，她们 就跟在后边跑，有什么掉下来就捡。中西部地区 一所旅馆的厨师把一桶残菜剩羹放在厨房外的小 巷里，立即有十来个人从黑暗中冲出来抢。
美国经济危机ppt
Current economic state Cause of financial state Influence in US and China Solution
The Economic Status of America
Unemployment Rate
· The unemployment rate fell to 8.6%, the lowest rate since
The Great Depression
• The depression originated in the U.S., starting with the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929 and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as black crash). From there, it quickly spread to almost every country in the world.
Early changes by the Roosevelt administration included:
Early changes by the Roosevelt administration include: • Instituting regulations to fight deflationary "cutthroat competition" through the NRA(NonResident Account). • Setting minimum prices and wages, labor standards, and competitive conditions in all industries through the NRA. • Encouraging unions that would raise wages, to increase the purchasing power of the working class.
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Women in the Depression
• Women would find it harder to find a job as more men were looking for work • Some people thought the depression would end if all married women left their jobs and men took over
Process-World War II and recovery
• The common view among economic historians is that the Great Depression ended with the advent of World War II. • America's entry into the war in 1941 finally eliminated the last effects from the Great Depression and brought the unemployment rate down below 10%.
THANK YOU❤
Herbert Clark Hoover
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• 大萧条1.f4v • 大萧条2.f4v
Hunger and Suffering
• There was no system of direct relief (food, money, or jobs given by the government directly to the people) • No public welfare or social security • No unemployment insurance • Men, women, and children sifted through garbage for food and stole rides on trains to move to “better” areas looking for work
The Great epression
• Brief introduction • Causes • Process • Effects
Brief introduction
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s . It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline.
• 股票市场崩溃是一场灾难深重的经济危机爆 发的火山口。
Black Tuesday
Causes
• Demand-driven Keynesian Breakdown of international trade Debt deflation • Monetarist • New classical approach • Austrian School • Inequality • Productivity shock
– Women were fired from teaching jobs if they got married – This practice continued into the 40’s
Children in the Depression
• Malnutrition in NYC rose from 18% in 1928 to 60% in 1931 • Milk consumption was dropping in many states • Child welfare was one of the first to be cut in many states as the Depression got worse • Schools shut their doors because children were looking for jobs
Start of the Great Depression 1
• The depression originated in the U.S., starting with the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929 and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). From there, it quickly spread to almost every country in the world.
Effects
• government intervenes to economy Keynesian['keinziən] national macroeconomic adjust and control • economic nationalism—tariffs • Totalitarianism(极端主义)-Nazi Party 卍 • Adolf Hitler&Benito Mussolini贝尼托·墨索里尼， indirectly lead to the WW II. • Literarily- Ernest Hemingway, the speaker of The Lost generation